1 introduction to xml

Introduction to XML

Atul Kahate

akahate@gmail.com

Roots of XML – EDI Technology

Introduction to XML 3

EDI and XML XML is a data description language

It has its roots in EDI

EDI technology is still in use, but is being replaced with XML

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What is EDI? Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

Related to the history of XML Document exchange standard

e.g. Purchase Order (PO), Sales Order (SO) Documents are inter-related

But their formats differ! Aims at:

Making formats uniform Document exchanges easier

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EDI Example Company A wants to buy spare

parts from company B Company A prepares a Purchase

Order (PO) Sends it to company B Company B sends the goods, and a

Sales Order (SO) to B Formats of the SO and the PO differ

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Sample EDI DocumentInterchange Control Header – Electronic Envelope

Functional Group Header – Purchase OrderTransaction Set Header – Purchase Order A100

Data Segment Header – SourceData Element – Terms of TransactionData Element – Date and Time

Data Segment Header – DetailsData Element – Item NumberData Element – Item DescriptionData Element – Item QuantityData Element – Item Price

Transaction Set Footer – Purchase Order A100Functional Group Footer – Purchase Order……

Interchange Control Header – Electronic Envelope

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EDI and the Internet

Web browser

XML

EDI VAN Provider

ASC X12

XML Theory

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History of XML Extensible Markup Language (XML)

Based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)

Quite complex Defines markup to represent logical

structure of documents Independent of technologies and platforms Meta language (Language for describing

other languages)

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What was there before XML? Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)

Tagging language Used for displaying text in Web browsers Quite simple to code Example

<H1> Fruit description </H1><P> Color = Red </P>…

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Problems with HTML – 1 No syntax checking

No provision for validating HTML documents

No structure Display-related characteristics are

considered and nothing else

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Problems with HTML – 2 Not content-aware

Use of tags such as <H3> instead of <Name>

Not international Based on ASCII, so limited language

support (XML is Unicode-based)

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Problems with HTML – 3 Not suitable for data interchange

Very little information inside a document is identified

Not object-oriented Programmers with OO skills find it

difficult to deal with HTML

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Why XML? Gels well with existing Web

protocols such as HTTP and MIME Supports a wide variety of

applications Has programming support Optional features are minimum XML documents are easier to read

for humans

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Problems with Data Exchange Application-related

Problems solved by EDI, but other problems raised (Cost, Infrastructure, etc)

Technology-related Incompatible technologies used

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Technology-related Problems

Organization X

Oracle

Organization Y

IMS

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Technology-related Problems

Organization X

Oracle

Organization Y

IMSText Text

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Technology-related Problems

Organization X

Oracle

Organization Y

IMSEDI EDI

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Technology-related Problems

Organization X

Oracle

Organization Y

IMSXML XML

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XML Features Modularity

Structure of XML documents can be decided based on needs

Extensibility Linking physically different

documents is possible Data orientation

Focus is on data, so is machine-friendly

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XML Example<?xml version=“1.0”?><address-book>

<entry><name>

<first> Ram </first><last> Joshi </last>

</name><address>

<building> Navi Peth </building><house-number> 304 </house-number><city> Pune </city><pin> 411001 </pin>

</address><res-phone> 27289103 </res-phone><mobile> 93292-91010 </mobile><email> ram@rediffmail.com</email>

</entry></address-book>

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Hierarchy of Data XML presents data in the form of a

hierarchyBook

ChapterSectionParagraphSentenceWordCharacter

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Output of the XML Document

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In HTML, it would be …<HTML><HEAD>

<H3> Ram </H3><H3> Joshi </H3><H4> Navi Peth </H4><H4> 304 </H4><H4> Pune <H4><H4> 411001 </H4></Head>

</HTML>

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Another XML Example<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><examination> <student> <roll_number>1</roll_number> <student_name>Harish</student_name> <course>Msc</course> <total_marks>275</total_marks> <out_of>400</out_of> <rank>5</rank> </student> <student> <roll_number>2</roll_number> <student_name>Jyotsna</student_name> <course>Msc</course> <total_marks>283</total_marks> <out_of>400</out_of> <rank>4</rank> </student> <student> <roll_number>3</roll_number> <student_name>Bhupendra</student_name> <course>Msc</course> <total_marks>251</total_marks> <out_of>400</out_of> <rank>7</rank> </student> <student> <roll_number>4</roll_number> <student_name>Senthil</student_name> <course>Msc</course> <total_marks>271</total_marks> <out_of>400</out_of> <rank>14</rank> </student></examination>

Thank you!

Any Questions?