10/16 objective: what are the properties of carbohydrates? * chapter 5: the molecules of life do...

10/16

Objective: What are the properties of carbohydrates?

*

Chapter 5: The Molecules of Life

Do Now: What is a small molecular unit called? A chain of repeating units?

Carbohydrates

• carbohydrate: organic compound made up of sugar molecules

• Sugars contain C,H,O

Type of Sugar: Monosaccharides

• monosaccharide: simple sugar that contains just one sugar unit– Glucose, fructose

Ex: glucose:– Used to make energy in

cells

Type of Sugar: Disaccharides• disaccharide: “double

sugar”; two monosaccharides combined by dehydration synthesis

Ex: sucrose: most common; made of glucose and fructose– Ex: Table sugar

Ex: Lactose (glucose + galactose)

Polysaccharides• polysaccharide: long polymer

chains made up of simple sugar molecules– Complex carbohydrates (starch)

Examples of Polysaccharides• starch: found in plant cells

and consists entirely of glucose monomers

Examples of Polysaccharides

• glycogen: found in animals that act as a storage for excess sugar– Chain of many glucose

monomers– In humans, most glycogen is

stored in liver and muscle cells and break down when the body needs energy

Cellulose• cellulose: protect plant

cells and stiffens plant– Many glucose

monomers– AKA: FIBER