11 sdh technology
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SDH Te chnology
SDH Technology
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SDH Te chnology2. 29
The PDH limitations:
Incompatibility of standard equipment fromdifferent vendors
US and European systems have too little incommon - Expensive mediators for transatlantic
transmission
No self checking - expensive manual check andrepair system
No standard for high bandwidth links - proprietary
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SDH Te chnology3. 29
NOVEMBER 1988...
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SDH Te chnology4. 29
G.707 , G.708 , G709 (G.707 SINCE 03/96)Transmission ratesSignal formatMultiplexing structures
Tributary mapping for the network nodeinterface
G.781 , G782 , G.783
Operation of synchronous multiplexers
G.784SDH network management
TheMain Standards
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SDH Te chnology5. 29
High transmission rates Lower level signals embedded and can be
identified from the higher level (much
simpler Add & Drop) Optical standard
Can be introduced into existing networks
Allowance of European and North American
PDH systems
The SDH Advantages:
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SDH Te chnology6. 29
High availability and capacity matching Reliability
Prepared for future applications:
HDTV \ LAN \ MAN \ ISDN Network management channels (the data
used for maintenance is embedded in the
signal)
Centralized network control enabled
through the management channels
More of the SDH Advantages:
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SDH Te chnology7. 29
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
An international standard for high-speed
optical / electrical telecommunicationsnetworks
A synchronous digital transport systemwith a built-in management channel for
remote management of complextopologies
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SDH Te chnology8. 29
Tributaries
1.5 Mbps
2 Mbps
6 Mbps
34 Mbps
45 Mbps
140 Mbps
STM-1 Electrical
STM-1 Optical
STM-4 Optical
LAN / MAN
FDDI
ISDN / BISDN
ATM
Video
Aggregates
STM-1 155 Mbps
STM-4 622 Mbps
STM-16 2.4 Gbps
STM-64 10 Gbps
Synchronous Multiplexer Interfaces
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SDH Te chnology9. 29
TERMINALMULTIPLEXER
STM-n
STM-m
E1-E4
TMREGENERATOR
REGSTM-n STM-n
ADD-and-DROP
MULTIPLEXER
E1-E4
STM-n
STM-nSTM-nADM
ADD-and-DROP MULTIPLEXER with
LOCAL CROSS-CONNECT
CAPABILITY
STM-n
E1-E4
STM-n STM-nLXC
SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL
CROSS-CONNECT
SDXCSTM-n
STM-n
E1-E4
STM-m
STM-n
SDH Equipment
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SDH Te chnology10. 29
Point-to-Point
Add-Drop MultiplexerDigital Cross-Connect
Terminal Multiplexer
Chain
Ring
Star (Hub)
Mesh
Network Topologies
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SDH Te chnology11. 29
Management
Station
Ethernet
SDH
MultiplexerNetwork
Gateway
Site 4
Site 1
Site 3
Site 2
Network Management
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SDH Te chnology12. 29
Management Functions
Alarm / Event Management
Configuration Management
Performance Management
Access and Security Management
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SDH Te chnology13. 29
FiberHighway
Transport Systems
Pleisiochronous
STM-n
Video34
Mbps
2 Mbps2 Mbps
...2 Mbps
S D H
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SDH Te chnology14. 29
RegeneratorSection
MultiplexerSection
MultiplexerSection
Path
RegeneratorSection
T
ributaries
SDHTerminal
Multiplexer
Traffic Assembly
Tributaries
SDHTerminal
Multiplexer
SDHAdd & DropMultiplexer
SDHRegenerator
SDHRegenerator
Traffic Disassembly
SDH Network Segments
RegeneratorSection
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SDH Te chnology15. 29
main:
PathProtection
SectionProtection
Protection Schemes
protection:
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SDH Te chnology16. 29
Multiplexing Process Step By Step
E1
StaffingBytes
C-12
POHVC-12
TU
p.
TU-12x
3TUG-2
x
7TUG-3x 3
P
athOverhead
VC-4AU-4 P.
MS
RS
Example for multiplexing 2Mbps tributary
into STM-1 level
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SDH Te chnology17. 29
Multiplexing Structure
139.264 Mbps
x3
AU-4 C-4
AU-3 VC-3
VC-4STM-nxN
AUGx1
x3
x7 x7 6.312 Mbps
C-2VC-2TU-2
2.048 MbpsC-12VC-12TU-12
TUG-2x1
x3
x4TU-11 VC-11
1.544 Mbps
C-11
TUG-3x1
44.736 Mbps34.368 Mbps
C-3
TU-3 VC-3
* Pointer ProcessingMultiplexingAligningMapping
AUG Administrative Unit GroupAU Administrative UnitTUG Tributary Unit GroupTU Tributary UnitVC Virtual ContainerC Container *
*
*
*
*
*
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SDH Te chnology18. 29
M Columns
N Rows
FB
B B
B
B B
N x M Bytes
1
2Order oftransmission
N x M BytesF F FF
Signal Structure
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SDH Te chnology19. 299 rows x 270 columns x 8 bits / byte x 8000 f/s = 155.52 Mbps
AU Pointer
RegeneratorSection
Overhead(RSOH)
MultiplexerSection
Overhead
(MSOH)
270 Columns (Bytes)
261 Bytes9 Bytes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P a y l o a d
STM-1 Frame Structure
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SDH Te chnology20. 29
9Rows Section
Overhead
260
Columns
1
Column
Payload Capacity = 149.76 MbpsDesigned for 140 Mbps transport
F F FFSerial Signal Stream155.52 Mbps
PathO
verhead
STM-1 Virtual Container (VC-4)
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SDH Te chnology21. 29
155.52 Mbps Serial Signal StreamF F FF
Sectio
n
Overhe
ad
9Row
s
P
athOverhead
261
Columns
TributaryUnit Frame
Tributary Unit Frame Structure
STM-1Payload
area
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SDH Te chnology22. 29
Sectio
n
Overhe
ad
9Row
s
P
athOverhe
ad
155.52 Mbps Serial Signal StreamF F FF
Tributary Unit Frame Structure
261
Columns
TU Pointer
VC PathOverhead
Low-rateTributary
SignalContainer
VirtualContainer
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SDH Te chnology23. 29
Optimized for
N. AmericanDS2 signal(6.312 Mbps)
12columns
TU-2
6.912 Mbps
Europeansignal(2.048 Mbps)
4columns
TU-12
2.304 Mbps
9
R
o
ws
N. AmericanDS1 signal(1.544 Mbps)
3columns
TU-11
1.728 Mbps
N. AmericanDS3 signal(44.736 Mbps)
Will also carry aEuropean
signal(34.368 Mbps)
86columns
TU-3
49.54 Mbps
TU pointers area
Different Sizes of Tributary Unit Frames
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SDH Te chnology24. 29
TU-12
1-4-2
TU-2
2-4
TU-xx Numbering System
TU-3
3
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SDH Te chnology25. 29
Byte-InterleavedMultiplexer
STM-4(4 * STM-1)
Denotes 8-bit ByteAt STM-4 Signal Rate
t
t
STM-1Signal A
STM-1Signal B
STM-1Signal C
STM-1Signal D
Denotes 8-bit ByteAt STM-1 Signal Rate
t = timing rate
Synchronous Byte-Interleaved Multiplexing
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SDH Te chnology26. 29
Byte-InterleavedMultiplexer
9720 (270 * 9 * 4 Bytes / Frame) x 8 (Bits / Byte) x 8000 f/s = 622.08 Mbps
F F F
125 sec.Serial Signal Stream
9720 Bytes / Frame
STM-1 A
STM-1 B
STM-1 C
STM-1 D
261 columnsVC-4
9 columnsSOH
9 Rows
36 columns
InterleavedSectionOverhead
1044 columns
4 Interleaved VC-4s
9 Rows
STM-4 Frame Structure
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SDH Te chnology27. 29
Overhead Functions
Define and build the SDH frame structure Provide data transportation monitoring indicators
Provide alarm state indications
Enable maintenance activities
Provide routing functions (protection switching)
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SDH Te chnology28. 29
PathOverhead
(POH)
AdministrativeUnitPointers
RegeneratorSection
Overhead(RSOH)
Multiplexer
SectionOverhead
(MSOH)
S1Synch.Quality
Z1Growth
Z2Growth
M1REI
K3APS
K1MPS
K2RDI
H4Multi-frame
H1AU Pointer
H2AU Pointer
H3AU Pointer
D10Datacom
D11Datacom
D12Datacom
D7Datacom
D8Datacom
D9Datacom
D4Datacom
D5Datacom
D6Datacom
D1Datacom
D2Datacom
D3Datacom
E2Order-wire
E1Order-wire
F3User
F2User
F1User
A1Framing
A1Framing
A1Framing
A2Framing
A2Framing
A2Framing
J1PathTrace
J0Reg. Sec.
Trace
B3BIP-8
B1BIP-8
B2BIP-24
Section Overhead(SOH)
Overhead Detail
N1TandemConn.
G1Path
Status
C2SignalLabel
Mediadependent
usage (MDU)
MDU
Reserved fornational use
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SDH Te chnology29. 29
Bytes reserved for national use
36 columns
B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2B2 K1 K2
B1 E1 F1
D1 D2 D3
D4 D5 D6
D7 D8 D9
D10 D11 D12
S1 M1 E2
A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 Z0 Z0A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1A1 A2 A2 J0 Z0
Administrative Unit Pointer(s)
STM-4 Section Overhead Byte Structure
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