14 th through mid-17 th centuries. new discoveries humanism and education shift in social order
Post on 17-Dec-2015
215 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Global Effects: Led to the Age of
Imperialism, where European powers dominated the planet
Indigenous people in North and South America and Africa were enslaved and exploited;
Communal knowledge possible Scientists could form
distant communities Page numbering and
indexes invented and used Standardization in form
and spelling Reading moves from
communal to private activity;
Authorship becomes more important and profitable. Who wrote it becomes
important Early copyright and
intellectual property laws established
Decline of Latin and move towards vernacular language use Contributed to growing
nationalism
Describes the school of philosophical, intellectual, and literary thought from 1400-1650:
•Emphasis on human freedom and responsibility;•Return to the pagan classics;•Reliance on God and faith weakened;
• Fortuna (chance) replaces Providence.
• The world as it is becomes an end rather than a preparation for Heaven
• Learn through imitation;
• Mimesis• Imitatio
• Emphasis on the classics;
• Especially ancient Greece and Rome
• Belief that a well-educated person knows a little about everything—a “Renaissance Man.”
Reason rules emotions, just as A king rules his
subject; A parent rules a child; The sun governs the
planets.
Humans are between beasts and angels; To behave without
reason is beast-like; To go above one’s
proper place invites disaster.
The right of kings to rule comes directly from God; Royalty is answerable
only to God; Disobedience to
royalty is disobedience to God.
Political absolutism
Causes: The Renaissance, with
its emphasis on humanism and individuality;
The printing press, with the wider access to printed works and rise in literacy
The rise of powerful nation-states, headed by monarchs
Anger at church corruption: Simony—the selling of
church offices; Indulgences—giving
money to the church in exchange for one’s soul spending less time in Purgatory
Increasingly poorly educated clerics.
Luther denounced the selling of indulgences;
Argued that the secular gov’t had the right to reform the church; Same thought echoed later
in Hobbes’ social contract theory
Attacked the sacraments; Baptism, Confirmation,
Eucharist, Penance, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, Matrimony
Argued to man can be saved by faith alone
Pope Leo X issued a Bull demanding that he recant; Luther publicly burned
it; Decreased the
sacraments from seven to 2 Only left baptism and
communion
Because the Pope refused to grant Henry an annulment from his first wife, he cut ties with the Catholic church and began the Church of England, which he, as king, was head.
Son of Henry’s third wife;
Assumed the throne at age 9;
English replaced Latin in Church ritual;
Died at age 15
Restored England to Catholicism;
Restored the Pope’s authority over the English Church;
Married her cousin Phillip, making England appear to be an appendage of Spain.
Ordered the deaths of 300 Protestants Bloody Mary
top related