2 peter and jude responses to the threat of corruption

2 Peter and JudeResponses to the threat of corruption

The threat of corruption (2 Peter/Jude)

External corruption (Jude)The “Others”

Internal corruption (2 Peter)“False teachers”

The response of compassionate rescue

The nature of Christian waiting

The nature of the Christian literature

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Jude and the Apocalyptic Genre/ Use of non-canonical literature in the NT

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Introduction to JudeAuthor

Recipients

Date

Nature of the work

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Introduction to Apocalyptic

Spatial axis

Temporal axis

Ethical purpose

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SalutationBrevity

Author

Recipients

Identified as Christians (“Beloved”)

Not identified by location

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Thematic statementDear friends, although I was very eager to write

to you about the salvation we share, I felt I had to write and urge you to contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints.

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Proof for the Thematic Statement

Israel in the wilderness

Fallen Angels in Gen 6

Sodom and Gomorrah

Michael and the devil

Cain, Balaam, Korah

Enoch

Use of non-canonical scripture

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Final ProphecyProphecy from the apostles

Concerns the last times

Scoffers follow desires/ natural instincts

Do not have the Spirit

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Closing Exhortation Build selves up in the faith

Pray in the Holy Spirit

Keep yourself in God’s love

Wait for Jesus/ eternal life

Be merciful to “those who doubt”; rescue the “Others” carefully

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Closing DoxologyTo him who is able to keep you from fallingThe only God our Savior

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Second PeterOutline and Detailed Study

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Summary of Introduction:Date

Author

Recipients

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Date - several factors are important:

After Jude, for it uses Jude

After Paul's letters were known (3:15-16)

After the apostolic generation or perhaps the missionaries to that group had died (3:4)

Probably after a first letter (probably not 1 Peter).

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Author Author has written at least once previously to these

churches

Author tends to be autobiographical (unlike 1 Peter)

Author feels free to use Jude via aemulatio

Author knows 1 Enoch, but omits the direct quotation from Jude.

Author's concerns are not the Christological issues of the second century.

Author uses Hellenistic style and language

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Recipients Bothered by false teachers:

These once accepted Christian morality, but have now departed from it (1:3-11)

Their crimes are reviling angelic/demonic beingssensuality

These Christians are struggling with parousia delay (ch. 3)

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Outline:Basic Outline:

Bauckham's Outline:

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Content (Bauckham's outline)

The following lecture(s) will follow the outline in Bauckham’s commentary

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Greeting (1:1-2)Titles differ from that in 1 Peter, the latter being

more formal.

The letter is addressed to Christians who:Are come to faith through Jesus' righteousness.Have received a faith equally privileged (or precious) as

that of the apostles.Recognize Jesus as both God and savior Grace and peace come from the knowledge of God

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Thematic sermon (1:3-11)Jesus' gift (1:3-4)

Based on his divine power Evil is corruption due to “desire” (epithumia)Focused in the knowledge of Jesus

Epignostic soteriology

Result is some rather exalted promises:

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Christian virtue (1:5-9)Faith

Virtue (moral excellence)

Knowledge

Self-Control

Patient endurance

Piety, godliness (Hellenistic)

Brotherly love

Love

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Conclusion (1:10-11)Based on the above, one should "make all the more effort" to

"ratify" or "guarantee" the calling of God

The alternative

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Apology for the sermon (1:12-21)

Peter's death = need for reminder (1:12-15)He speaks of his present body as a "tent" cf. 2 Cor. 5:1His death is an "exodus" This is what gives the letter its testametal nature

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Peter's experience = veracity (1:16-18)

The apostles have not followed "myths" in the gospel

They are "eyewitnesses" of the manifest glory of Christ

Jesus "receives" honor and glory in transfig.

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Prophetic word = other proof of veracity (1:19-21)

echomen bebaioteron . . . = to have a most firm grip on

They should do the same, for scripture is a light in the dark.

Christ is the morning star; the arising is the parousiaThe parousia is the full revelation to which the prophets

point.Prophecy is God-given (1:20-21)

The prophets spoke by divine inspiration:

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Peter's Response to the False Teachers 2:1-22

Prediction of False Teachers.He compares false teachers to false prophetsCharacteristics

"deny Christ" Results

Many follow them into dissolution

Gospel is slandered

Teachers will be condemned

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The Certainty of Judgment 2:4-10a

The judgment of the angels

The judgment of the floodThe flood's devastationNoah's deliverance

The judgment of SodomThe city's destructionLot's righteousness and suffering

God is quite capable of saving the righteous and punishing the wicked

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Denunciation of False Teachers 2:10b-22

Their slander of angels 2:10b-13a

Their moral corruption 2:13b-16

Their lack of promise 2:17-22

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The Issue of the Parousia 3:1-13

Prediction of Scofffers 3:1-7Purpose of the letter 3:1-2

The first letterProphets and apostolic teaching

Description of the scoffers 3:3-4Two charges are laid:

scoffing at Parousia following their desires

God's word is firm

Three Periods of world history:

God is Forbearing 3:8-10

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Exhortation 3:11-13To "holy and godly conduct"

To "eschatological waiting" cf. Jude 21 and gospels

This "hastens" (speudontas) the parousia

The new heavens and earth

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Conclusion 3:14-18Exhortation to peace 3:14-16

Exhortation to growth 3:17-18a

Concluding doxology 3:18b

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2 PeterThis is the outline of the instructor, following

some of the principles of ancient letter writing and rhetoric

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Salutation (1:1-2)

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Letter Opening (1:3-15)Opening Sermon (1:3-11)

Historical Introduction: the Divine BenefactionCall to virtue

Purpose Statement (1:12-15)

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Letter Body (1:16-3:13)The Implications of the Transfiguration

(1:16-21)

Condemnation of false teachers (2:1-22)Introduction to the false teachers (2:1-3)Scriptural arguments why God will judge the false

teachers 2:4-10aThe arrogance of the false teachers 2:10b - 12The immorality of the false teachers 2:13-16The condemnation of the false teachers 2:17-22

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Letter body continuedConclusions about the Day of the Lord

(3:1-13) Introduction to the day of the Lord 3:1-2The denial of the day of the Lord refuted from scripture

3:3-7The reason the day of the Lord appears delayed 3:8-9Conclusions: Nature and implications of the day of the

Lord 3:10-13

Summary concerning the Christian life (3:14-16) Body closing

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Letter Closing (3:17-18)

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