2100 bc to 150 bc greek civilization 1 1. early greece 2. the classical age 3. greek achievements 4....

2100 BC to 150 BC2100 BC to 150 BC

Greek Civilization

11. Early Greece2. The Classical Age3. Greek Achievements4. Alexander the Great

The small, rugged peninsula in southern Europe – Greece – home of early advanced civilizations

From the Minoans and the Mycenaeans to Sparta and Athens to the empire of Alexander the Great, the Greeks left a legacy that helped shape Western Civilization

Centered around trade

The Geography of Greece

The Geography of Greece•Ancient Greece is

located in southern Europe.•It is located on the Mediterranean and Aegean seas.•The land is mountainous and the civilization does not grow around a river.

2100 – 150 BC

Early Greeks: Mycenaeans & Minoans

Early Greeks: Mycenaeans & Minoans

Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)

Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)The Minoans were the earliest people in the Region. They were traders but their civilization disappeared around 1400 BC.

2100 – 150 BC

oExcavations done at Knossos reveal clues about their life:

oPrivate rooms

oBasic Plumbing

oArtwork- tied to the sea

Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization2100 – 150

BC

Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization

Most Minoan images of priests are women

Language-Linear A- cant

decipher

2100 – 150 BC

The Mycenaean Civilization

The Mycenaean Civilization

•The Mycenaeans arose next and were most famous for the Trojan War.• They declined around 1200 BC.

2100 – 150 BC

The Trojan WarsThe Trojan WarsThe Trojan WarsThe Trojan Wars

• Fought between Fought between Troy (Turkey) and Mycenae Troy (Turkey) and Mycenae (Greece)(Greece)

• The Trojan Horse-not sure if the battle took placeThe Trojan Horse-not sure if the battle took place

2100 – 150 BC

Homer: The “Heroic Age”Homer: The

“Heroic Age”The Odyssey – the account of Greek hero – Odysseus in the Trojan War

The Ilaid is the second account

The Mask of AgamemnonThe Mask of Agamemnon

King of Mycenae who was murdered by his wife’s

mistress

2100 – 150 BC

The Dark AgesThe Dark Ages

• 1100-750 BCE1100-750 BCE

• After the Trojan War the Mycenaean After the Trojan War the Mycenaean civilization collapsed due to civil war civilization collapsed due to civil war and/or invasions from the northand/or invasions from the north

• Writing was lost so little is known Writing was lost so little is known about the periodabout the period

2100 – 150 BC

The Rise of Greek The Rise of Greek City StatesCity StatesThe region declined

for hundreds of years after the Mycenaeans.Around 750 BC, the Greek City state, or polis, started to develop.Cities were built on two levels, with an acropolis (citadel) on the top level.

2100 – 150 BC

Below the Acropolis was the walled part of the city where everyday life took place.There were marketplaces, theaters, public buildings, and homes.The market was called the agora. It was usually in the center of the city.

The Rest of the City The Rest of the City StatesStates

2100 – 150 BC

Athens2100 – 150

BC

Governing the City Governing the City StateState• At first, city states were ruled by one person,

usually a king. This is called a monarchy. They were often called tyrants.

• Next, it was ruled by a small group of nobles. This is called an oligarchy.

• New forms of government – democracy would soon develop, especially in Athens.

2100 – 150 BC

SpartaSpartaSparta was a city state that developed into a warrior society.Men spend their lives dedicated to warfare and training.Some women took up household and economic responsibilities because the men were occupied with war.

2100 – 150 BC

Sparta Military Might

Sparta Military Might

•Helots People enslaved by the Spartans.

2100 – 150 BC

Athens: Yesterday and Today

Athens: Yesterday and Today

•Athens was a city state that developed into a democracy.•A democracy is a place where people vote.•Only male citizens could vote.•Athens also focused on arts and learning.

2100 – 150 BC

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Fought between Greece and Persia –

Cause of Conflict region called Ionia

2100 – 150 BC

• Greeks heavily outnumbered.Greeks heavily outnumbered.

• The Spartans were led by Leonidas, the The Spartans were led by Leonidas, the King of Sparta. His troops were the King of Sparta. His troops were the ultimate warriors. ultimate warriors.

Persians Greeks

200,000 Infantry 7300 (300 Spartans)

1200 Navy 200

20,000 Cavalry 0

ThermopylaeThermopylae

The Battle at ThermopylaeThe Battle at Thermopylae

• August of 480 BCAugust of 480 BC• The Greeks were waiting for the Persians The Greeks were waiting for the Persians

at Thermopylae. at Thermopylae. • (If the Persians wanted to get into mainland (If the Persians wanted to get into mainland

Greece they would have to take this pass.)Greece they would have to take this pass.)

• Xerxes sat on a golden throne atop the Xerxes sat on a golden throne atop the pass to watch the battle. pass to watch the battle.

• For the first two days the 7300 Greek For the first two days the 7300 Greek soldiers were able to hold off the Persians, soldiers were able to hold off the Persians, slaughtering the Persians. slaughtering the Persians. (Even Xerxes’ elite (Even Xerxes’ elite “Immortals”)“Immortals”)

A Traitor Among the GreeksA Traitor Among the Greeks

• A Greek soldier betrayed the Greeks and A Greek soldier betrayed the Greeks and showed Xerxes a path that would lead the showed Xerxes a path that would lead the Persian troops behind the Greeks.Persian troops behind the Greeks.

• Leonidas sends the Athenians home Leonidas sends the Athenians home knowing they are going to lose.knowing they are going to lose.

• This way the Athenians could defend the This way the Athenians could defend the city.city.

• The Persians slaughtered the remaining The Persians slaughtered the remaining Spartans, all were killed.Spartans, all were killed.

“The last stand…..

LeonidasLeonidas

Statue of Leonidas in Sparta today.

Greek Victory in the Persian Wars

Greek Victory in the Persian Wars

$ Salamis (480 BCE)

Athenian naval Victory

Persian Wars

http://www.rom.gr/ROM7/images/afisa01.jpg

Golden “Age of Pericles”:

460 BCE – 429 BCE

Golden “Age of Pericles”:

460 BCE – 429 BCE

The most influential politician in Athens for many years following the Persian Wars

Responsible for building the Parthenon & beautifying Athens

2100 – 150 BC

Peloponnesian WarsPeloponnesian WarsAthens –Delian LeagueSparta-Pelponnesian LeagueTension between the two leagues; Sparta and Athens fight until SpartaDefeats AthensSignificance of the Wars—Weakened the Greeks which made them vulnerable to invasion andConquest.

2100 – 150 BC

Macedonia Under Philip II

Macedonia Under Philip II

Took over Greece along with his son, Alexander the Great

2100 – 150 BC

2100 – 150 BC

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great

Took over, at age 20, after his father was assassinated

2100 – 150 BC

Alexander the Great’s EmpireAlexander the Great’s Empire

2100 – 150 BC

Alexander the Great in Persia

Alexander the Great in Persia

Within a year, Alexander conquered Persia

2100 – 150 BC

Phalanx tacticPhalanx tactic2100 – 150

BC

The Hellenization of Asia

The Hellenization of Asia

Greek-Like Culture mixed with others throughout Asia

Although Alexander the Great did conquer the Greeks, he actually helped to spread

Greek civilization all over Asia

2100 – 150 BC

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

2100 – 150 BC

The Breakup of Alexanders Empire

The Breakup of Alexanders Empire

Alexander died in Babylon in 323 BC at age 33

2100 – 150 BC