3 machinery hazard 1
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MACHINERY
HAZARD
OBJECTIVE
At the end this session participant be able
to:
• Give the definition of machinery
• Explain 10 types of machinery hazards
• Describe methods to reduce and control
machinery hazards
SCOPE
• Definition of A Machine
• Machine Parts and Function
• Machinery Hazards
• Machinery Accidents
• Methods for Controlling Machinery Hazards
• Conclusion
• Group Work
Machinery
• “A equipment that can supply power, has
both fixed and moving part, each serving a
particular function. ” BS 5304:1975
WMachinery parts
• Operational / Functional
Perform output functions (e.g. Driller Machine)
• Non-Operational / Non-Functional
– Transfer power or motion to the operational part
(example: motor drive shaft)
MACHINERY PART
Operational / Functional
Prime Movers
• Engines, motors or other appliances which
provides mechanical energy derived from air,
steam, water, wind, electricity, the combustion
of fuels or other sources. (Defined by FMA 1967)
MACHINERY PART
Operational / Functional
Transmission Machinery
Every shaft, wheel, drum, pulley, system of fast and loose pulleys, coupling, clutch, driving belt or other device by which the motion of the prime mover of other source of mechanical power is transmitted or received by any machine or appliance.
(Definition under FMA 1967)
MACHINERY HAZARD
TYPES OF HAZARDS
• Cutting
• Shearing
• Stabbing and Puncturing
• Impact
• Entanglement
• Friction and Abrasion
• Crushing
• Drawing In
• Ejection
• Release of Potential Energy
MACHINERY HAZARD
Cutting Hazard
• Contact with a sharp surface such as:
1. Saw
2. Blade of knife
3. Disc
CUTTING HAZARD
MACHINERY HAZARD
Shearing Hazard
• Remove or separating body part by cutting
– Between two moving machinery;
– Between a machine part and workspace
– Between a static and a moving machine
SHEARING HAZARD
MACHINERY HAZARD
Stabbing and Puncturing Hazards
• Tips of machine parts, work
materials and objects flying into
(an piercing) the body.
• Example: Needle, splinters of
grindstones.
STABBING AND PUNCTURING
HAZARD
MACHINERY HAZARD
Impact Hazard
• Occurs when an object or part of a
machine acts on the body but
does not puncture or pierce the
body
• Example: Hit by a motion part.
MACHINERY HAZARD
Entanglement Hazard
• Clothing or hair entangled in the parts of
machine that rotate or move.
• Example: Roller machine, gear, shaft (axle),
wheel, chain.
ENTANGLEMENT HAZARD
(FIGURE MH4)
MACHINERY HAZARD
Friction and Abrasion Hazard
• Cause the burning or removal of a
layer of skin on the body.
• Example: Abrasive wheel,
sanding.
FRICTION AND ABRASION
HAZARD
MACHINERY HAZARD
Crushing Hazard
The pressing of a part of the body between
two object / solid machine parts
Example: Stamping Machinery, Power
Press.
CRUSHING HAZARD
MACHINERY HAZARD
• Drawing In Hazard
A body part is pulled into machine
and trapped between the moving
parts of machine
Example: Roller Machine
DRAWING IN HAZARD
MACHINERY HAZARD
Ejection Hazard
• Work material or part of a
machine is pushed out
• Reason for occurrence:
– Failure of machine
– Failure of work material
Example: Abrasive wheel, Drill
MACHINERY HAZARD
Release of Potential Energy
Hazard
• Example:
1. Pressure release
2. Object falling
3. Reserve energy in spring
MACHINERY ACCIDENT
TYPES
• Contact or trapped between machinery and any material
• Entangled with machine parts
• Entangled with material
• Hit by ejected machine parts
• Hit by materials that have been sprung / rejected out
• Release of potential energy
MACHINERY HAZARD
CONTROL METHOD
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Risk Control
Engineering
Administrative
(Discussed in other topic)
MACHINERY HAZARD CONTROL
METHOD
Hazard Identification
List down the method to identify this
hazard
Hazard Identification
List down to identify
machinery hazard
Answer:
Observation;
Inspection;
Worker Complaint;
Accident Statistics;
• Review of
regulations;
• Information from the
manufacturers;
• Review of other
sources of
reference;
MACHINERY HAZARD CONTROL METHOD
MACHINERY HAZARD
CONTROL METHOD
Risk Assessment
Using a 2-D Matrix Table
Considered factor:
– Features of Machinery Design;
– Work Methods Used;
– Surrounding Conditions;
– Individual Factors;
– Operational Factors;
Risk Assessment
Considered factor:
• Features of Machinery Design
– Identify machinery hazards
Risk Assessment
Considered factor:
Working Method
• Insertion and removal of materials
• Actual operations
• Maintenance work
• Removal of waste material
• Fitting and measurement of work materials
Risk Assessment
Considered factor :
Surrounding Conditions
• Lighting
• Entry / exit routes
• Temperature
• Condition of work floor
• Noise
• Dusty
Individual factor
• Operator not competence
• Psychological and physiology factors
Risk Assessment
Considered factor :
Operational factor
• The process being used, whether it is continuous or otherwise
• Unexpected movements / starting of machinery
• Mechanical failures
MACHINERY HAZARD
CONCLUSION
• Machinery has various hazard depending on the type of machinery, if uncontrolled, can cause accidents.
• To control them, it is important to first identify the existence of hazards followed by the assessment of risks as previously discussed.
Group Work
Syarikat Maju X Sdn. Bhd. Is manufacturer of X's
machine. Recently, the company had bought a few new
machinery to increase their product. That machines are:
Two (2) cutting machinery (sawn) fixed type iron ;
One (1) fixed drill
Four (4) power press machinery;
One (1) portable air compressor;
Three (3) pedestal grinder
Based on information above, list down the hazard for
each machinery.
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