5.4 muscle tissues general characteristics – generate force – bring about movement – generate...

5.4 Muscle Tissues

• General Characteristics– Generate force– Bring about movement– Generate heat– Composed of fibers called

actin and myosin=myofilaments

– Three types of muscle tissue• 1. Skeletal• 2. Smooth• 3. Cardiac

5.4 Muscle Tissues

• 1. Skeletal Muscle Tissue– “the striated muscle”

• Striped or banded muscle fiber

– Mulitnucliated-nucleous at sides of muscle cell

– Voluntary muscle tissue• Head, trunk, limbs• Enable facial expressions, write,

talk, sing, chew, swallow, breathe

5.4 Muscle Tissues

• 2. Smooth Muscle Tissue– Called “smooth” because there

are no striations– One nucleus per cell– Spindle shaped cells– Involuntary control

• Moves food through digestive system

• Constricts blood vessels• Empties urinary bladder

5.4 Muscle Tissues• 3. Cardiac Muscle Tissue– ONLY in the heart!!– One nucleus per cell– Cells are striated and branched– Intercalated discs

• Velcro-like membrane surfaces where cells meet• Contain desmosomes (provide structural support) and gap junctions

(allows rapid communication between cells, required for coordinated heart contraction).

5.5 Nervous Tissue• Found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.• Cell Types:

– 1. Neuron: generate and conduct impulses• Parts of a Neuron:

– Dendrite: Carries message towards cell body– Cell body: Contains most of the cytoplasm and nucleus– Axon: Carries impulse away from the cell body

5.5 Nervous Tissue

• Cell Types (continued)– 2. Neuroglial Cells: Support and protect neurons

• Parts of Neuroglial Cells:– Shwann Cells: produce myelin sheath around the PNS.– Synapse: gap between neurons– Neurotransmitter: chemical released by neuron to

communicate with neuron across the synapse

*Myelin sheath=insulates nerve fibers for maximun rate of nerve impulse transmission

5.6 Types of Membranes

• Made up of groups of tissues• 1. Epithelial Membrane Tissues– Consist of epithelial tissue and underlying

connective tissue– Three Types:• 1. Mucous Membranes• 2. Serous Membranes• 3. Cutaneous Membranes

5.6 Types of Membranes

• Three Types of Epithelial Membrane Tissue:– 1. Mucous Membranes• Line interior walls of hollow organs that open to the

outside of the body.• Consist of mucus secreting epithelium with underlying

connective tissue• Function=protection• Examples:

– Oral and nasal cavities (openings to the digestive and respiratory system)

5.6 Types of Membranes• Three Types of Epithelial Membrane Tissue:– 2. Serous Membranes

• Line cavities NOT exposed to external environment• Consists of simple squamous epithelium and underlying

connective tissue• Cover internal organs

– Parietal layer: lines wall of the body cavity– Viseral layer: covers internal organs

• Function: lubricates to prevent friction• Examples:

– Plural Membrane: around lung– Pericardial membrane: around heart– Peritoneal membrane: around intestines

5.6 Types of Membranes

• Three Types of Epithelial Membrane Tissue:– 3. Cutaneous Membranes• SKIN• Consist of stratified squamous epithelium and

underlying connective tissue

5.6 Types of Membranes

• Two types of Connective Tissue Membranes:–1. Synovial Membranes• Line freely moveable joints• Composed of ONLY connective tissue• Function: lubricate joints

5.6 Types of Membranes

• Two types of Connective Tissue Membranes:– 2. Meninges:

• 3 layers that cover the brain and spinal cord• Composed of ONLY connective tissue• Function: protect the brain and spinal cord