a cladogram of plant groups – shows evolutionary relationships of plants flowering plants...
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A Cladogram of Plant Groups – shows evolutionary relationships of plants
Floweringplants
Cone-bearingplants
Ferns andtheir relatives
Mosses andtheir relatives
Green algaeancestor
Flowers; SeedsEnclosed in Fruit
Seeds
Water-Conducting(Vascular) Tissue
The Diversity of Plants
Cone-bearing plants760 species
Ferns andtheir relatives11,000 species
Mosses andtheir relatives15,600 species
Floweringplants235,000 species
Structure of a Leaf - the cuticle protects the leaf against transpiration
Veins
Xylem
PhloemVein
Cuticle
Epidermis
Palisademesophyll
Epidermis
Stoma
Guardcells
Spongymesophyll
are categorized as
that completetheir life cycle in
that completetheir life cycle in
that completetheir life cycle in
Plants
Annuals Biennials Perennials
1 growingseason 2 years
More than2 years
Types of Plants – Seedless
•Mosses (Bryophytes)
•Ferns (Pterophyta)
Types of Plants - seeds
• Cone Bearing (Gymnosperms)
• Flowering (Angiosperm)
Gymnosperms vs AngiospermsComparing Features of Seed Plants
Feature
Seeds
Reproduction
Examples
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Bear their seeds on cones
Can reproduce without water; male gametophytes are contained in pollen grains; fertilization occurs by pollination
Conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, gnetophytes
Bear their seeds within flowers
Can reproduce without water; male gametophytes are contained in pollen grains; fertilization occurs by pollination
Grasses, flowering trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cultivated flowers
Flower Functions
• Sexual Reproduction!• Flowers are pollinated by:– Wind– Insects– Birds
FLOWER PARTS
• Pistil – female part of the plant– Contains the stigma, style and ovary (surround and protect
the seeds)
FLOWER PARTS
• Stamen – male part of the plant– Contains the anther and filament
FLOWER PARTS• Petals – colorful, leaflike structures
• Sepals – green leaflike structures at the base of the flower
The structure of a flower.
FilamentAnther
StigmaStyle
Ovary
Carpel
PetalSepalOvule
Stamen
Fruit – after pollination the ovary develops a wall of tissue surrounding the seed
Comparison of Monocots and DicotsMonocots Dicots
Seeds
Leaves
Flowers
Stems
Roots
Single cotyledon
Parallel veins
Floral parts often in multiples of 3
Vascularbundlesscattered throughout stem
Fibrous roots
Two cotyledons
Branched veins
Floral parts often in multiplesof 4 or 5
Vascularbundlesarranged ina ring
Taproot
Figure 22–25 Comparison ofMonocots and Dicots
Transpiration
Evaporation of water molecules out of leaves.
Pull of water molecules upward from the roots.
A B
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