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THE MOST TRUSTED NAME IN WEATHERING
Accelerated Weatherability Testing –
The Right Choice
Presented by: Stephen NovakCRRC Membership Meeting
February 13, 2006
THE MOST TRUSTED NAME IN WEATHERING
TopicsWeathering Testers: Simulating the Forces of DestructionDeveloping Accelerated Test Protocols Discussion
THE MOST TRUSTED NAME IN WEATHERING
Q-Lab Corporation (Formerly Q-Panel Lab Products)
Founded in 1956Specialize in light stability and material durability testing products and services
Cleveland, OhioWorld Headquarters
THE MOST TRUSTED NAME IN WEATHERING
A Global Company with Representatives inover 60 Countries
Shanghai, ChinaQ-Lab China
Bolton, EnglandEuropean Headquarters
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Forces of Weathering
Know Your Enemy!!!SunlightTemperatureMoistureOther Factors
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International Society for Illumination
CIE Publication #85 Table 4Peak Natural Daylight Standard0.68 W/m2 @ 340 nm
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Noon Summer Sunlight
250 350 450 550 6500.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Wavelength (nanometers)
Irrad
ianc
e W
/m2/
nm
Visible LightUV Region
UV
-A
UV
-B
UV
-C
0.68 W/m2 @ 340nm
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Spectrum Modified
• Time of Day• Time of Year • Latitude • Altitude
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Seasonal Variation
Intensity changes 8:1 @ 320 nmCut-off shifts from 295 to 310 nm
Summer
Winter
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“Rule of Thumb”
10°C Increase in Temperature Doubles Rate of Chemical Reaction
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Solar Radiation + High Temperature =
Increased Rate of Degradation
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Q-Panel’s TOW Research
Things Are Wet Outdoors Longer Than You Think
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TopicsWeathering Testers: Simulating the Forces of DestructionDeveloping Accelerated Test Protocols Discussion
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The Right Choice?
QUV Weathering Tester Q-Sun Xenon Tester Q-Trac Sunlight Concentrator
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Fluorescent UV Tester
QUV AcceleratedWeathering Tester
model QUV/se
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Specimen Holders
•Standard Holders
•Specialty Holders
•3 dimensional products
•Unique sizes
•Over 100 types
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0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
270 290 310 330 350 370 390
Wavelength (nm)
Irrad
ianc
e W
/m²/n
m
UV-B Lamps
FS-40 LampsUVB-313 Lamps
Sunlight
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UVA-340 Lamps
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400Wavelength (nm)
Irrad
ianc
e (W
/m²/n
m)
Sunlight
QUV with UVA-340 lamps
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0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400Wavelength (nm
5,000 + hours
2-hours
Lamp Aging – Automatic Control
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AutomaticIrradiance Control Preferred
More PreciseMuch Longer Lamp LifeAllows Higher Irradiance for Faster TestsISO 9000 Compliant
traceabilitycalibration
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
270 290 310 330 350 370 390Wavelength (nm)
Irrad
ianc
e (W
/m²/n
m)
Effect of Intensity Control
Intensified 75%
Typical Intensity
Sunlight
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Condensation Advantages
Identical to natural wetness (dew)Elevated temperature = accelerationPure water: Condensation process creates distilled waterEasy to use
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State of the Art Fluorescent UV Tester:QUV
Irradiance ControlCalibration with AutoCal RadiometerSelf-diagnosticEthernet Capabilities
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The Right Choice?
QUV Weathering Tester Q-Sun Xenon Tester Q-Trac Sunlight Concentrator
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Filter Selection Considerations
Simulate Service EnvironmentMaterial Spectral Sensitivity
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Filters Types
Daylight Filters(exterior exposures)
Extended UV(auto specs., fast results)
Window Glass (indoor exposures, textiles, inks, etc.)
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Q-Sun With Daylight Filters
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Wavelength (nm)
Irrad
ianc
e (W
/m²/n
m)
Sunlight
Q-Sun with Daylight-Q Filter
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Q-Sun with Daylight Filters
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400
Wavelength (nm)
Irrad
ianc
e (W
/m²/n
m)
Q-Sun with Daylight Q Filter
Sunlight
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Irradiance Control
Control IntensitySelect Control Points
@ 340 nm@ 420 nm285-400 nm (TUV)
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Feedback Loop
Light sensor
Control module
Xenon arc lamp
Irradiance Control
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Water Spray
Spray System for Xenon Requires Extremely Pure Water Input
Spray System for Xenon Requires Extremely Pure Water Input
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Q-Sun Spray System
Single Water SprayDual Spray
Acid Etch SimulationSpecialty Solutions
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Q-Sun Xe-3 Dual SprayAllows user to introduce solutions in addition to purified water for simulation of unique environmentsDual spray system already adopted by BASF to study automotive coatings systems for acid-etch defectSolutions may include
Acid RainOrganic Solutions
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Chamber Air Temperature Control
Required by certain Test MethodsNecessary to control RH Requires advanced Technology to achieve
simultaneous control of Black Panel Temp and Chamber Air Temp
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• Chamber Air Temperature
• Relative Humidity
• Black Panel Temperature
Simultaneous Control of 3 Inter-dependent Variables
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Relative Humidity Control
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Test Time (min)
TEM
P (C
) & R
H (%
) Black Panel Temperature (70C)
Chamber Air Temperature (47C)
Chamber RH (50%)
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State of the Art Xenon Arc Tester: Q-SunIrradiance Control
Choice of Filters
Calibration with AutoCal Radiometer
Simultaneous Control of Black Panel Temp, Chamber Air Temp, and Relative Humidity
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QUVUVA-340 best simulation of shortwave UVUVB-313 might be too severeNo visible lightStable spectrumIrradiance controlNo RH controlMore aggressive moisture attack
Full spectrumBest simulation of long wave UV & visible lightSpectrum changes over timeIrradiance controlRelative humidity controlWater spray options
Q-Sun
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800Wavelength (nm)
Irrad
ianc
e (W
/m²/n
m)
Q-Sun withDaylight Filter
QUV withUVA-340 Lamps
Sunlight
QUV, Xenon, Sunlight...
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The Right Choice?
QUV Weathering Tester Q-Sun Xenon Tester Q-Trac Sunlight Concentrator
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Natural Sunlight Concentrator
Q-TracFresnel ConcentratorSolar Concentrator
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Mirrors Reflect Sunlight onto Specimens
Mirrors only reflect 80% of solar UV radiation
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
250 350 450 550 650 750Wavelength (nm)
Irrad
ianc
e (W
/m²/n
m)
Summer Sunlight
Q-Trac
Summer Sunlight vs Q-Trac
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Acceleration5 times more UV5 years Florida sunlight in 1 year1420 MJ/m2 TUV annually Light intensity is only one stressor
THE MOST TRUSTED NAME IN WEATHERING Specimen Cooling
Air Flow Vector
Cooling Blower
Typical Maximum Temperature is 10ºCAbove Conventional Exposures
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Q-Trac Natural Sunlight ConcentratorFast ResultsFull Spectrum Natural SunlightHigh TemperatureMay Be Moisture DeficientSeasonal Variability
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TopicsWeathering Testers: Simulating the Forces of DestructionDeveloping Accelerated Test Protocols Discussion
THE MOST TRUSTED NAME IN WEATHERING
Points to Consider for Accelerated Testing
Lamp Type
Filter
IrradianceTemperature
RH%
Water Spray
Dual SprayTest Duration
Evaluations
Defined Test Method
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Current Test Methods For Roofing:Q-Sun (ASTM D4798)
Filter: DaylightIrradiance: 0.35 W/m2 @ 340 nmCycle A:
51 min light, 9 min light + water spray, Black Panel Temperature: 60ºC
Cycle B:60 min water spray, 90 min light exposure120 min water spray990 min light exposure180 min cold exposure, -18ºCBlack Panel Temperature, 60ºC
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Current Test Methods For Roofing:
QUV (ASTM D4799)Lamp Type: UVB-313 Irradiance: Not SpecifiedThree Cycles Specified:
4 h UV Light @ 60ºC, 4 h Condensation @ 50ºC20 h UV Light @ 60ºC, 4 h Condensation @ 50ºC20 h UV Light @ 80ºC, 4 h Condensation @ 50ºC
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• Energy Department recommends roofs with initial solar reflectance of >65% and >50% after 3 wears weathering
• California Title 24 sets minimum requirements of reflectivity >70% and emissivity >75%
• CRRC Ratings
Requirements
Cool Roof Requirements
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Current Materials:Coil CoatingsLiquid CoatingsSingle-PlyShingles
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• Sunlight
• Temperature• Thermal Shock
• Moisture• Water Ponding
• Mildew Growth
• Dirt Pickup
Factors
Cool Roof Factors Influencing Performance
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Pick Light Source/Spectrum That Causes Degradation
UVVisibleInfrared
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To maximize acceleration use maximum service temperature
To minimize error DO NOT exceed maximum service temperature
Temperature
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Moisture/Dirt/Mildew
Select instrumentation that best simulates service environment
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No Universal Acceleration Factor(no magic number)
Different materials have different acceleration factors
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Accumulated Radiant Dosage
Compare Test Material to a Control
Rank Order Correlation
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Accumulated Radiant Dosage:
Timing exposure duration by the amount of light energy received by the test specimen
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Timing Exposures byAccumulated Radiant Dosage
Most useful when:
primary mode of degradation is lightcomparing exposures performed under identical conditions
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Comparison to a ControlUse Control Material of Known Durability
Outdoor performanceLab performance
Similar Composition to Test MaterialSimilar Degradation Mode to Test Material
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Benefits of a Control
Compare performance of control to a known materialAllows confidence in lab exposureAssure that lab tester is operating properly
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Does my lab test give me the same results as my outdoor exposure?
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Rank Order CorrelationQuantitative measure of how well the lab test
matches outdoors
Process:Rank materials from best to worst i.e. outdoors vs laboratory
Calculate correlation coefficient using Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient
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Five-yearFlorida Rankingvs.QUV Ranking
Ranking RankingFlorida (QUV-B-313)
F 1 3K 2 5T 3.5 9.5S 3.5 4L 5 6U 6 8A 7 13M 8 9.5P 9 11Q 11.5 7V 11.5 14N 11.5 12W 11.5 2J 14 16.5H 15 1O 16 20G 17 15I 18 16.5E 19 21R 20 23D 21 18.5C 22 18.5B 23 22
Sample ID
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Significance of Spearman rho
Spearman rho = 1.00 when you have perfect correlation
Spearman rho < 1.00 means less-than-perfect correlation
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Roadmap For Accelerated Protocol
Develop outdoor protocol (Complete)Collect data from outdoor protocol, sanitize and share (Complete?)Agree on failure criteria/endpoints (Complete?)Determine goals for accelerated test method
% False Failures Acceptable?% False Positives Acceptable?Minimum Acceptable Rank Order Correlation Coefficient
Try everything!Oh yes, get statistician!!!!!
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