addicted to passion
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Addicted to Passion
Performances of Fan Audiencehood in Italian Networked Publics
Agnese Vellar
PhD student in Communication ScienceDepartment of Social Sciences. Università degli Studi di Torino. Italy
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Performances of Fan Audiencehood in Italian Networked Publics
1. Scenario: Fan Cultures in Networked Publics
2. Methodology: auto + multiseted ethography
3. Case Study: ::Italian Subs Addicted::
4. Conclusion: How to became “Addicted to Passion”
3
Fan Cultures in
Networked Publics
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Networked Publics
Niche peer cultures
Special Interest Group
Ito, M. (2008) Networked Publics: Introduction. In Kazys Varnelis (ed), Networked Publics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Mobilized audiences
Example:
P2P Networks
Telecoons
Fandom
Networked Digital Mediaad
optio
n
adaptation
co-option
5
Generations of Fandom
80s
Textual Poeachers
subculture
00s
Pop Cosmopolitanism
Participatory media culture
Jenkins, H. (2006) Fans, Blogger, and Gamers. Exploring Participatory Cultures. New York: New York Univesity.
90s
Textual Hackers
Interpretive community
UtopyStar Trek
ComplexityTwin Peaks
Diversity - MediaMix(Buffyverse –Mangaverse)
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Generations of online Fandom
Baym, N. K. (2000) Tune in, Log on: Soap, fandom, and online community. Tousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Baym, N. K. (2007) The new shape of online community: The example of Swedish independent music fandom. In First Monday, 12 (8).
Victims of exploitation?
networked collectivism
Social media and offline sites
(Official Web Site, MySpace Porfile, Blog, SNS)
Cultural dupes?
site-basedonline community
(newsgroup)
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Online Audience Community of Practice
prolific
personalityLurkers
Bunch of close friends
diadic
frienship
Baym, N. K. (2000) Tune in, Log on: Soap, fandom, and online community. Tousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Usenet newsgrou
p on soap opera
From shared appreciation to shared identity
Interpretive
Performative
Informative
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Textual Performers
Hills, M. (2002) Fan Cultures. London: Routledge.
competition
culturalcapital
symboliccapital
social capital
Emergence of fan cultures
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Performances of Fan Audiencehood
Newsgroups’s serialization of the fan audience itself
Self presentation and self performance of the audience-as-text
Hills, M. (2002) Fan Cultures. London: Routledge.
Just-in-time-fandom
10
Contemporary media landscape
Jenkins, H. (2006b) Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press 2006.
Partecipatory media
cultures
CorporationCross-Media
Platform
Media-mix
Concergence Culture
PrimarySeconday
text
Tertiary text
Amateur media
production
11
Amateur Experts and Indie Music
Baym, N. K. and Burnett, R. (2008). Amateur experts: International fan labor in Swedish independent music. Paper Prepared for Internet Research, 9.0, Copenhagen, Denmark. October, 2008. http://www.onlinefandom.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/amateurexperts.pdf
Label
Artists
Fan promoters
1. Investment in carrer
2. Artist’s peer
3. Enthusiast
getting attentio
n
economic capital
culturalcapital
symboliccapital
social capital
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Social Interaction and Television 2.0
Insider community
Producers
Actors
Directors
Aspire to have privileged
connection
Askwith, I.D. (2007). Television 2.0: Reconceptualizing TV as an Engagement Medium. Masters thesis of Science in Comparative Media Studies at MIT, September.
Social Interaction
Dia
gona
l soc
ial i
nter
actio
n
Par
a-so
cial
inte
ract
ion
Characters
13
Digital Youth: genres of participation
MacArthur Foundation (2008) Living and Learning with New Media: Summary of Findings from the Digital Youth Project. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Reports on Digital Media and Learning, November 2008. http://digitalyouth.ischool.berkeley.edu/files/report/digitalyouth-WhitePaper.pdf
Friendship-drivenInterest-driven
Hanging Out
Geeking Out
Messing
Around
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Hanging Outpeers
MacArthur Foundation (2008) Living and Learning with New Media: Summary of Findings from the Digital Youth Project. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Reports on Digital Media and Learning, November 2008. http://digitalyouth.ischool.berkeley.edu/files/report/digitalyouth-WhitePaper.pdf
social network sites
Always on communication integrated with their everyday hanging out practices
15
Social Capital and College Students
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007) The benefits of Facebook "friends:" Social capital and college students' use of online social network sites. In Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), Art. 1. http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue4/ellison.html.
connection could have strong payoffs in terms of jobs, internship, and other opportunity. (p. 22)
Primary Audience: offline connection
Self-esteem:“Poor get richer” hypothesis
formation of weak ties
Low barriers of participation
16
Taste performance
Liu, H. (2007) Social network profiles as taste performances. In Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), Art. 13.
Differentiate form friends
Popular cultureand
subcultures
culturalcapital
social capital
prestige
Cult markers of coolIndicators of one’s aesthetic
Performance to seek
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Presentation of Self in Networked Publics
boyd, D. (2008) Taken Out of Content. American Teen Sociality in Networket Publics. PhD dissertation. School of Information UC-Berkeley. http://www.danah.org/papers/TakenOutOfContext.pdf
Self-reflexive identity production for immagined audience
Presentation of self and Impression management (Goffman) and Bedroom Culture and Fashion
Facet of teen’s identity based on the social context
Co
llapse
d co
ntex
tIf you’re not on
MySpace, you don’t exist
Egocentric network
Invisib
le aud
iences
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Private/Public
Lange, P.G. (2008) Publicly Private and Privately Public: Social Networking on YouTube. In Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, 361-380.
character Privately public fans
show real identity Publicly private close friends
became a celeb
connect with friends
The dicotomy is more productive visualized as a fractal distinction
pu
bli
cp
rica
te
The use of media by members of a social group to stay connect or to interact with other members […] supports social networks facilitating and technically mediating social interactions amoug people within a network. (p. 363)
Mediacircui
t
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Messing Around
MacArthur Foundation (2008) Living and Learning with New Media: Summary of Findings from the Digital Youth Project. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Reports on Digital Media and Learning, November 2008. http://digitalyouth.ischool.berkeley.edu/files/report/digitalyouth-WhitePaper.pdf
Experimentation and exploration
Reflexively thinking abot himself and his work
Lurk and anonymous participation in social spaces
Media creation with digital tools
Appropriation
Modyfying
Copy/paste
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Digital Youth and New Media Litaracy
Ito, M. (2008) Networked Publics: Introduction. In Kazys Varnelis (ed), Networked Publics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Fansubs
Machinima
Mashups
Remix
Web comics
Genres of media Social interaction
Personal Profile
Casual form of online speach
Nuanced social norm
Video blog
culturalcapital
symboliccapital
social capital
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Youthful content creation in SNS
Livingstone, S. (2008) Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: teenagers’ use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression. In New Media & Society 10(3): 393-411.
Innovative peer culture
Elaborating the presentation of self at the node supports the biographization of the self by prioritizing a managed and stylize display identity as lifestyle. (p. 403)
Sociability
Community-engagement
Creativity
Self-expression
New literacy
Online identity
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Geeking Out
MacArthur Foundation (2008) Living and Learning with New Media: Summary of Findings from the Digital Youth Project. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Reports on Digital Media and Learning, November 2008. http://digitalyouth.ischool.berkeley.edu/files/report/digitalyouth-WhitePaper.pdf
Fandom, amateur media, gaming
Intense commitment or engagement with media or technology
Interest-Based Communities and Organization
Feedback
Learning
Recognition
Reputation
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Tertiary text in Television 2.0
Creative workProductive activity
Social TextBasis for social interaction
☺Fan art
Askwith, I.D. (2007). Television 2.0: Reconceptualizing TV as an Engagement Medium. Masters thesis of Science in Comparative Media Studies at MIT, September.
remix content to create new meaning
FanFic
share emotions and opinions
☻♥
Collaborative Knowledge
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Reconceptualizing audiences
Mobilized audiences
Mass Culture Convergence Cultureaudience / celebrity as a dicotomy audience celebrity as a process
Starring system
staring system
star system
Micro celebrities
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Starring System
egocentric network and networked collectivism
Self-expression – Creativity – New literacy – Peer education
I argue that fan cultures can be understood as a starring system: a network of multifaceted and multisited individual and collective performances of audiencehood
Remix cultural material
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Starring System
culturalcapital
symboliccapital
social capital
Remix cultural material
In the starring system fans compete, collaborate and remix cultural material in order to gain visibility and acquire social and cultural capital.
competition and collaboration
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Aca/Fan
Hills, M. (2002) Fan Cultures. London: Routledge.
fanacademic scholar-fan fan-scholar
professional amateur
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Starring Systemce
leb
rity
aud
ien
ce
fanacademic
mic
ro-c
eleb
rity
scholar-fan fan-scholar
The dicotomies audience/celebrity and academic/fan
could be more productive visualized as a fractal distinction
akame
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Methodology
1. Analytical auto-ethnography of gg_akame.
2. Multisited participant-observation on ::ItaSa::.
3. Biographical interviews with Itasiani.
3030
Autoethnography: narratives of the fan
Hills, M. (2002) Fan Cultures. London: Routledge.
Autoethnography could chart how
multiple fandom are linked throught the individual’s realization of the self-identity. (p. 81)
The cultural identities of lecturers and students who are fans
need to be examined more carefully so that
‘theory’ and ‘experience’ can be brought closer toghether. (p. 22)
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90s 00s95s 05sUniversity ADSL85s
Significant fandoms over time
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90s 06 07 08 09
ADSLADSL::ItaSa::::ItaSa::
02 0504
UniversityUniversity
00s 03
ITA
USA
Significant serial fandoms over time
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Fandom grouped by subject and intertextually linked
Transmedia auteur
Chick in boot
WritersMore freak than geekfan
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Online self over time
05s 08 0999s
agnesehemail
gg_akame
agnese[H:] akame
Living Living AbroadAbroad
Research on Social MediaResearch on Social Media++Working in a (ICT) officeWorking in a (ICT) office
agnesevellar
Ethographic research on fandomEthographic research on fandom
07s
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36
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Shut up! I’m studyng!!!
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I loooove Carrie Bradshaw! You are not a
fashionista.
“The relationship between spectatorship and spending may be less clear than criticist suggest. Rather than influencing women to spend more on consumers goods, such films – along with chick-lit novels- might just as likely satisfy or replace the desire to consume. […] Chick flick thus serve as relatively guiltless pleasure.”
Ferriss, S. (ed) (2008) Chick Flicks. Contemporary Women at the Movies. NY: Routledge. p.13
I wanna be a coloumnist.
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I’ve grown up in a concept oriented family and I spend my teenhood reading books.
Lull, J. (1990) Inside Family Viewing. London: Routledge.
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I’m currently search in the media famale role models that satisfies me more that the ones proposed by my local community.
Ferriss, S. (ed) (2008) Chick Flicks. Contemporary Women at the Movies. NY: Routledge.
4242Anderson, L (2006). Analytic Autoethnography. In Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 35(4), 373-395.
Analytical auto-ethnographyis not evocative authoethnogrphy (author saturaltion and self absosorption)
Complete member researcher (CRM) status
Dialogue with informants beyond the self
Analytic reflexivity
Commitment to theoretical
analysis
Narrative visibility to the researcher self
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Egocentric network Networked collectivism
akame and the Others
Dialogue with informants beyond
the self.
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“Dialogue with informants beyond the self”Anderson, L (2006). Analytic Autoethnography. In Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 35(4), 373-395.
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::Italian Subs Addicted::
Performances of Fan Audiencehood in Italian Networked Publics
a community of fansubber
46
Italian Networked PublicEgocentric/Collective: The dicotomy is more productive visualized as a fractal distinction
Common passion Collective identity
ItasaFandom of american tv serial
generational immagined community
Networked collectivism Networked community
Hanging
Out
Geeking
Out
Messing
Around
Egocentric network Egocentric participation
symboliccapital
community of practice
47
Multi-sited participant-observation
Telefilm festivalMay 2009
FacebookGenuary 2009
TwitterMay 2009
ForumNovember 2008
48
Lo staff
Forum
traduzione, revisione, moderazione globale, amministrazione sito
traduzione, revisione, moderazione globale
traduzione, revisione
traduzionetraduttori in prova
resync
december 2008
Founded in december 2005 by Klonni
7
19
16
148
32 board
More than 30.000 thread
More than 1.000.000 post
più di 130.000 Utenti
9
***JACOB*** 10.000 3
Gregory House 6500 9999 3
Jack Bauer 5000 6499 10
Christian Troy 3500 4999 8
Hiro Nakamura 2000 3499 25
Michael Scofield 1000 1999 42
Dexter Morgan 500 999 60
Earl Hickey 200 499 174
Kyle 100 199 175
Betty Suarez 50 99 292
Meredith Grey 0 50 più di 115.000
199
Subtitles•Tv serial (circa 300)•movie•anime•documentary
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Online DataPerformance of fan audiencehood
collective individual
::ItaSa:: Itasiani
Fan art
Online profiles
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::ItaSa::Collective performance - Official Identity
Articles in magazine
National channel
Web site
Spoiler Tv
new
m
edia
mas
s
51
Generational passion: tv serial
Chi di noi degli anni Ottanta può dire di non aver visto alla mattina quando magari si saltava scuola i
telefilm come MacGyver, Hazzard, e poi aver visto questi telefilm
moltiplicarsi, essere sempre di più.
SpoilerTv. La3Tv. Pilot. 1x01
52
Studies on Italian Audiences
Disenchanted(cohort 1979-1985)
Music, New Media, Tv (serial, MTV, cartoons, quiz).
Technical competence and
interest in the new technologies.
Production and
performativity
Aroldi, P., Colombo F., (ed) (2003). Le età della tv. Indagine su quattro generazioni di spettatori italiani. Milano: Vita e Pensiero.
Scaglioni, M. (2006) Tv di culto. La serialità televisiva americana e il suo fandom. Milano: Vita e Pensiero.
Self-representation
moral dualism (fan/fanatic)
53
::ItaSa::
Generational passion
Spread the passion
Reinforce the italian fandom.
Irony - Reflexivity
to differentiate themself from a broad fan
audiencehood.
amateur experts
Acquire the competence to analyze and produce tertiary text.
Have more sucultural capital than the professional translator.
54
Amateur experts
SpoilerTv. La3Tv. Pilot. 1x01
Textual and extratextual knowledge
Require an interpretive community
55
Spread the passion
SpoilerTv. La3Tv. Pilot. 1x01
Community of practice
Translate the subtitles of american serial for the italian audience
56
Performance of humor
Ironic performance of commitment
Reflexive performance of emotional involvement
Baym, N. K. (1995). The Performance of Humor in Computer-Mediated Communication. In Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 1(2).
57
From online groups to a diffuse community
Online groupa commont interest
Collective identity
a common ethos
Community of practice
a common project
Sense
of
belonging
Offline local subgroupsa common place
58
Subgroups in ::ItaSa::Web Portal: staff
Off Topic
::ItaSa:: Family
Forum: users Performance of fan audiencehood
subgoupsemerges
neg
oti
atio
n
Collective performance of amateur expertise
Other online and
offline sites
59
Differences in subgroups
Niche cultMainstream cult
Fri
end
ship
-dri
ven Hanging out with fans:
Threads off-topic in ItaSa:Role Play Gama;“Good night thresas”
MSN and Facebook
Off Topic ::ItaSa:: Family
Inte
rest
-dri
ven
The two most actice boards on topic
Hanging out with
fans
A tight k
nit
community
An interpretiv
e
subgroup
60
The L Addicted
Niche media cult emerge a tight knit community
Gendered identity
Prolific personality
Creative and ironic analysis of the episodes.
Collective online viewing.
Offline meetings.
Baym, N. K. (2000) Tune in, Log on: Soap, fandom, and online community. Tousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Moderator
Bunch of close friends
with a common ethos:
respect the differences;
irony.
Diadic friendship
Contextualized in a subculture
61
Itasiani
Fan Art (1374)
Personal profile over time
pri
vate
s
elf
exp
ress
ion
pu
bli
c
Individual performance of creativity
Mediacircui
t
62
Fan Art N° Documenti
Avatar 797
Banner e Sign 185
Usebar 185
Screencaps 41
Images 39
Wallpaper 36
Cosplaying? 32
Comics (screencap + comic) 27
Animated Gif 19
Fan Vid 6
Fan Fiction, Fan Song 5
Calendar 2
documenti pubblicati in thread e sezioni specificatamente dedicate alla condivisione di fan art. Al dicembre 2008
63
Presentation of self: Avatar - SignSet: avatar + sign
Sign “ordered”
Character + Name + Quotation
User
Creator
64
Presentation of self: Banner
Identification with a serial / a character
Identification with the community / definition of the role
65
Skins: Evocative screencaps + title
“I really like my lunch”
“I feel so lonely”
66
New media form
fiction & realty
visual & verbal
67
Cosplaying?
68
Amateur production in ::ItaSa::p
riva
te
se
lf e
xpre
ssio
n
p
ub
lic
Presentation of self
Online profile: avatar, banner, sign.
Digital accessories: wallpaper, calendar.
Peer to peer communication
Media analysis: screencaps
Online speech: animated Gif
Self-direct
Niche media communication
Informative: subs, spoiler tv.
Creative: images, fanfic.
Italian fandom of american tv serial
generational immagined national community
Itasianicommunity of practice
Fandom of american tv serial
immagined transnational community
Self rapresentation
Sha
red in a transa
tional environm
ente
69
The Starring System in italian Networked Publics
Cult celebrity
Performance of audiencehood
(Networked publics)
Rapresent themself with verbal quotation and images of actors and characters.
Performance of amateur expertise
(Community of practice)
Perform their competence and their creativity analizing complex text and producing creative work.
Audiences
(Publics)
Identify themself with characters, actors and
auteurs (directors, creators, producers).
70
The Glocal Village
Pop Cosmopolitanism
(diversity: a common ethos?)
transnational
immagined community
Community of practice
Acquire the compentence to translate the subtitle.
Audience community
Interest in foreign products and independent movies.
“Too curious to wait”.
71
Gatekeepers and video divide
Pop elite – community of practice
Techno elite – professional organizationCross Media Platform(english)
National PayTv(walled garden)
National TV(italian)
Commercial media sharing
(controll)
P2PNetworks
(open)
National Immagined Community
Tra
ns
lati
on
ita
/en
d
Niche (eg: Italian fandom )Community of practice
(blog, portal)
72
From acces to participatory divide
gendered
generational
boyd, d. (2008) Taken Out of Content. American Teen Sociality in Networked Publics. PhD dissertation. School of Information UC-Berkeley. http://www.danah.org/papers/TakenOutOfContext.pdf
New socio-technical environment requires new social skills.
New form of literacy requires new media education (whitout the lost of the traditional literacy).
Amateur
peer education
Professional
ongoing education
divide?
73
Peer driven learning
Ito, M. (2008) Networked Publics: Introduction. In Kazys Varnelis (ed), Networked Publics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
models
seek visibility
statusreputation
Aspire to became
Fan
Adults, administrator, …
74
Networked collectivism
How to became an Addicted
Egocentric networks
Media education? Dialogue with informants
beyond the self.
Biographical interviews with Itasiani to investigate the role of the fandom in the biography of youth.
75
Biography of productive fan
techie
Technical competence CreativeLeadershipOrganizational
PR and Tutor artist
Scaglioni, M. (2006) Tv di culto. La serialità televisiva americana e il suo fandom. Milano: Vita e Pensiero.
76
Convergence Culture
genders
where…
media
…collides.
national
generations ethic groups
languages languages
77
Kinds of education
Learn to learn
New media education
…learn to collide.
Foreign Languages Reflexivity
78
agnesevellar@gmail.com http://www.agneseh.wordpress.com
http://twitter.com/agneseh
Thank U
Sub Eng::Italian Subs Addicted::
[ http://www.italiansubs.net/ ]
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