african civilizations. i k uu uu ghana ~3 rd century ce, become wealthy off taxing the trade of gold...

African Civilizations

i k

uu

Ghana~3rd Century CE, become wealthy off taxing the trade of gold for saltIslam adopted ~ 10th Century

Fall of Ghana

Invaded and weakened - 1076 CE

By 13th Century overrun

Mali tttt

• Founded by Sundiata, leader of a tribe who broke away from Ghana

• Economic foundation was agriculture, as well as gold mines

okok

Mansa Musa

Ruler of Mali known for his Hajj

Brought the attention of the world to Mali

Architecture and Timbuktu

Islamic Architects come to Mali and create unique style

Timbuktu becomes a great city of 50,000+ with a famous Mosque, University and Library

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Songhai 1450-1600 C.E. Largest West African

State

Revolted against Mali rule and conquered Timbuktu around 1450, gained control of trade routes

Muslim Dynasty

Civil War and invasions lead to downfall

Benin

Rain Forest dwellers

Traded in Ivory, Pepper and eventually slaves

Early 1500s Portuguese contact

The Kingdom of Aksum

Rise of Aksum

South of Kush on Red Sea

Located on a Coastal plain

Spoke Ge’ez1 of 1st

written languages of

Africa

Aksum

Rich farmlandGrew wheat and barley

Controlled Red Sea tradeStrong navyTraders from inland brought

gold, ivory, and slavesUsed moneyBy 300 C.E. grew wealthy

King Ezana

Conquered the Kush in 350 C.E.

Converted to ChristianityMade it official religion

Decline

600s C.E. Muslims begin to invade

700s Muslims conquer territory around AksumIncluding Aksum’s

port city of AdulisPeople of Aksum

retreated to Ethiopian Highlands

Kingdom of Ethiopia

Rise of Ethiopia

1100s C.E. remainders of Aksum est. new Kingdom

1150 - Zagwe Dynasty

~1150 Zagwe Dynasty

King Lalibela built the churches carved from rock

1270 –1974 Solomonid Dynasty

Fought religious wars to conquer Islamic and Jewish territory (Beta Israel and Muslim Kingdom of Adal)

East African City States

Bantu tribes left the central African Tropics about 1000 B.C.E.

Spread their population and knowledge (iron working and farming) throughout Southern Africa

Eastern Africa City-States

The Indian Ocean Monsoons go from the southwest from April to October and from the northeast from October to April.

Trade network developed b/w India and East Africa

East African Ports become wealthy

Mogadishu

Mombasa

Kilwa

Sofala

Trade

From India/China

GlasswarePorcelainSilkcotton

From AfricaCoconut oilCopperLeopard

skinsIvoryGoldSlaves

Swahili

Blending of African and

Islamic CultureEx:

Language:

Bantu + Arabic = Swahili

Architecture

Great Zimbabwe Interior of Africa ~1100s

Middleman of Africa

Located between gold

mines/ivory hunters

AndPort cities

Great Zimbabwe Minimal info from

archeological digs

Disappeared about 1400

Replaced by the Mutapa Empire (to the North) in 1400s