age of exploration & isolation

Age of Exploration & Isolation1400-1800

God, Glory, & GoldEuropeans had not been isolated

from the rest of world before 1400s1110 European Crusaders battled

Muslims for Holy Lands in SW Asia1275 Marco Polo reached court of

Kublai ChinaBefore 1400s Europeans had not

desire or capability to explore foreign lands

Desire to grow rich & spread Christianity, combined with new sailing technologies spurred age of European exploration

Europeans seek new trade routes GOLD #1 reason- to seek new sources of wealth was main reason for

exploration By sailing, Europeans hoped to find new/faster sea routes to Asia GLORY

Goals were to 1. Win access to these lands (BY SEA)

2. Bypass the Muslims & Italians who currently controlled trade European monarchs got tired of paying Italians high prices for Asian

goods Spices (nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, pepper) Luxury goods Merchants could take these back to Europe and make huge profits re-

selling them

GOD- Spread of Christianity Motivation for Europeans to explore Crusades left Europeans feeling they had a sacred duty to fight the Muslims

but to also convert non-Christians in Asia mostly

New Technologies

Long voyages were impossible because European ships could not sail against the wind

Caravel- new ship Stronger built than older ships Triangular shaped sails allowed better navigation

& ability to sail against the wind (Arab invention)

Astrolabe- used to determine location @ sea used to calculate latitude (determined location

North/South)

Magnetic Compass More accurately calculated direction Invented by Chinese

Portugal Leads the Way

Leaders in applying new technologies

Strong support to explore by government Prince Henry- Kings Son Conquered Muslim city of Ceuta-

captured spices/jewels 1st country to establish trading posts

along west coast of AfricaEventually pushed farther into the

Indian Ocean

Exploring AfricaPrince Henry

went to Africa in 1415 Discovered wealth beyond Europe- (pepper, cinnamon,

spices, gold/silver, & jewels)

Determined to reach the source of these treasures in the east (Asia) Also wanted to spread Christianity

1419- Founded navigation school on Portugal’s SW coast Mapmakers, instrument makers, ship builders, scientists,

& captains came to perfect their trade

Within years the Portuguese had established many trading posts along the west coast of Africa Trading for gold, jewels, & spices Traded for Africa captives to be used as SLAVES

Started attempting a voyage to Asia

Portuguese Reach Asia To reach Africa they believed they had to sail

around tip of Africa Bartolomeu Dias

1488 ventured down the west coast until they reached the tip

Storm battered them for days and pushed them to East coast

His crew was exhausted an low on supplies so he turned around and headed home

Vasco da Gama 1497 began exploring Africa’s east coast 1498 reached port of Calicut in India Amazed by the spices, silks, and gems they found Filled their ship with 60 times what the voyage cost

and headed back to Portugal His 27,000 mile trip established a direct sea route

to Asia

Spain Gets InvolvedSpanish monarchs began to desire a direct route to AsiaChristopher Columbus- 1492

Convinced monarchs that he could find a route to Asia by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean

October- he reached the Caribbean Islands (Bahamas) He thought he had reached the East Indies Opened door for colonization of Americas Increased tensions between Spain & Portugal

Portuguese believed Columbus had reached AsiaPope Alexander 6th

Stepped in to keep the peace Suggested an imaginary dividing line North/South through the Atlantic

Ocean Lands West were Spanish- most of the Americas Lands East were Portuguese- Asia/Africa

Treaty of Tordesillas

Portuguese argued that Spain was given too much territory

Lined moved farther west for Portuguese Gives them Brazil

Portugal signs Treaty of Tordesillas

Started era of exploration & colonization

Trading Empires Clash European nations scrambled to

established trading posts along South/SE Asia

Battled each other and region’s inhabitants

Portugal 1509 defeated Muslim fleet off coast of India Became masters of Indian trade Captured islands of Moluccas- Spice Islands Spices now cost Portuguese now cost 1/5 of

what they used to cost Spain-1521

Ferdinand Magellan arrived in Philippines Settled them in 1565 Died during Civil war in Philippines crew

made it home First person to circumnavigate the world***

Nations Challenge Portugal

Netherlands- Dutch Worlds largest fleet 20,000 ships

Battled mostly the English for control of lands in Asia Dutch East India Company

Mint money Make treaties Raise armies Richer/more powerful than English Eventually drove English and established dominace over region

Dutch Dominance Seized the spice Islands Increased control over Indian Ocean Amsterdam- Netherlands capital

Became leading commercial center Established trading outposts in several Asian

countries Controlled Cape of Good Hope

Southern tip of Africa

England/FranceStarted establishing trading postsStarted East India Company

Never showed much profit

Limited influence in this region other than India

European traders began to seek new riches in China and Japan

Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions

How did Ferdinand Magellan die?A.Lost @ Sea

B.Killed in Philippines during civil war

C.Heart attack

D.Starved to death

Ch.3 Sec.1 QuestionsWhat Dutch city became the trading capitol of the world due to exploration?A.London

B.Amsterdam

C.Rotterdam

D.Luxemburg

Ch.3 Sec.1 QuestionsWhich European country dominated Indian trade and controlled the Cape of Good Hope in Africa?A.Spain

B.Portugal

C.Netherlands

D.Chinese

Ch.3 Sec.1 QuestionsWhich Asian country was influenced by England and France during the 1400s Age of Exploration?A. Africa

B. Philippines

C.Australia

D. India