air-to-air air conditioners and heat pumps unep workshop on hydrofluorocarbons (hfc) management...

Air-to-air air conditioners and heat pumps

UNEP Workshop on hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) Management

UNCC, Bangkok, 20th – 21st April 2015

Dr Daniel Colbourned.colbourne@re-phridge.co.uk

Prof. Roberto Peixotorobertopeixoto@maua.br

Introduction

Types of air conditioners

Sectors and alternatives

Use in existing systems

High ambient issues

Hurdles

Introduction

AC, chillers and heat pumps

Chillers

Positive displace

Centrifugal

Heating only heat

pumps

Air-to-air ACs and

HPs

Split type

Ducted split

Residential

Commercial

Non-ducted single split Multisplit

VRF

Residential

Factory sealed

Packaged rooftop

Small self-contained

Portable

Window/ PTAC/ TTW

Options for new equipment

low GWP (<300)

HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ze(E), HCFC-1233zd, R-744, HC-290, HC-1270

medium GWP (300 – 1000)HFC-32, R-444B, R-446A, R447A, … etc

high GWP (>1000)HFC-134a, R-407C, R-410A

Small factory sealed AC

1kW 10 100 1000

2½–5kW

½–1 kg

Current (ODP)

R22Current (0 ODP)

R410A, R407C, R290

Options

R290, R32, R444B, R446A, R447A, etc

1kW 10 100 1000

Non-ducted single split AC

3 – 7 kW

1 – 1½ kg

Current (ODP)

R22Current (0 ODP)

R410A, R407C, R290, R32

Options

R290, R32, R444B, R446A, R447A, etc

Ducted split AC

Current (ODP)

R22Current (0 ODP)

R410A, R407C, R744

Options

R744, R32, R444B, R446A, R447A, etc (R290)

1kW 10 100 1000

20 – 200 kW

5 – 50 kg

Packaged “rooftop” ducted AC

Current (ODP)

R22Current (0 ODP)

R410A, R407C, R134a, R744

Options

R744, R290, R32, R444B, R446A, R447A, etc

1kW 10 100 1000

20–100 kW

5 – 30 kg

Multi-split systems

Current (ODP)

R22Current (0 ODP)

R410A, R407C

Options

R32, R444B, R446A, R447A, etc (R290)

1kW 10 100 1000

10 – 150 kW

4 – 60 kg

Chillers

Current (ODP)

R22, R123Current (0 ODP)R410A, R407C, R290, R1270, R744, R717, R1233zd, R1234ze

OptionsR717, R744, R290, R1270, R1234ze, R1233zd, R1234yf, R32, R444B, R446A, R447A, etc

1kW 10 100 1000

10 – 1000 kW; 1-5 MW

4 – 300 kg; 0.5-2.5 Mt

Alternative technology: absorption

Cogeneration/trigeneration

Heating only heat pumps

8 – 200 kW

2 – 50 kg

Current (ODP)

R22Current (0 ODP)R410A, R407C, R404A, R134a, R290, R600a, R744,

OptionsR744, R290, R1270, R600, R1234ze, R1234yf, R32, R444B, R446A, R447A, etc

1kW 10 100 1000

Options for existing equipment

Existing equipment

Existing refrigerant

“Drop-in”

Retrofit

Conversion80%

90%

100%

110%

80% 90% 100% 110%

Capa

city

rela

tive

to R

22COP realtive to R22

R-22

R-428AR-422A

R-425A

R-417A

R-424A

R-422B

R-438A

R-422D

R-442A

R-434A

R-417BR-422C

22

High ambient considerations

Good performance

Poor performance

Lots of data

Absenceof data

1234yf

744

290

161

152a

1270

32446A

447A 444B410A

Main hurdles

Standards organisations to ease efforts to

revise

Disparate national

regulations and codes

National actions to

revise regulations

Obstructive safety standards

Selection, design and installation

can be more complicated

More, thorough training, formalisation

of service sectors

Lack of knowledge (flammability, high

pressure)

Thank you for your attention!

Dr Daniel Colbourned.colbourne@re-phridge.co.uk

Prof. Roberto Peixotorobertopeixoto@maua.br