ancient philosophers

The Ancients( Philosophy in

Education )Rebekah

SharmilahTayatulAmieraMoganaHayati

Who are they?

Socrates BACKGROUND• One leading thinker of ancient Greek

philosopher

• born and raised up in Athens (469~399 BC).

• Was a soldier in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta.

• Was the son of a stonemason and was always maintained by the family business.

• Has a very strong sense of justice and virtue.

• Accused of disrespect and humiliating the youth of Athens.

• By accepting the death penalty, and drinking the deadly hemlock, he became immortal

• helped to lay the foundations of Western thought.

• concerned himself with the conduct of human life.

• aimed at determining how man could achieve true happiness and live a good life.

• “If a man had the knowledge of what is good, he would always act on it. “

• establish a universal and absolute morality by the exercise of reason and come to an understanding of what was good.

CONTRIBUTIONS

• Known as the Socratic method or method of "elenchus“• largely applied to the examination of key moral

concepts such as the Good and Justice

To Illustrate The Use Of The Socratic Method• A series of questions are posed to help a person or

group to determine their underlying beliefs and the extent of their knowledge.

• A teacher poses a simple question such as ‘what is truth’- when a student answer the question, the teacher asks another question that make to think more deeply and offer a new answer.

• The process continues until they feel that the analysis has gone as far as they can take it at the moment.

• It was designed to force one to examine one's own beliefs and the validity of such beliefs.

Socrates

• Socrates argued that moral excellence was more a matter of divine bequest than parental nurture.

• This belief may have contributed to his lack of anxiety about the future of his own sons.

• His doctrine of the soul led him to the belief that all virtues converge into one, which is the good, or knowledge of one's true self and purposes through the course of a lifetime.

PlatoBACKGROUND

• Born around the year 428 BC in Athens

• Aristocles / Platon

• Keeping his family history in politics

• Music n poetry

• Met Socrates as his ultimate teacher

• Influenced him a lot

• Died in 347 BC

CONTRIBUTIONS

Plato• Introduced the discussion as a teaching method.

• Co-education (mathematics, poetry, music and literature) for elementary school

• Physical education for military training

• Mathematics, literature and philosophy for higher education.

• Women education

AristotleBACKGROUND

• Greek philosopher who was born in Stagirus.

• Enrolled in Plato’s Academy when he was seventeen.

• Tutored Alexander in 338 B.E.C.

• Found his own school, The Lyceum in Athens.

• Favourite subject were Physics, Biology, Metaphysics and Ethics.

• Was the first genuine scientist in history.

Aristotle• Studied education in foreign customs and literature

• Golden Mean• Influenced by Plato and Socrates• Influenced Western and Christian philosophy, science and Islamic most

CONTRIBUTIONS• Teaching of such subjects.• Defining and classifying the various branches of knowledge.

• Established important principles in physics.

Chronology of the Ancients