architectural words and definitions

Architectural Words And Definitions

The University Of Jordan

Prepared by : Khaled Almusa

Architectural Words And Definitions

• Proportion• Progression• Rhythm• Contrast• Geometry

• Focal Point• Dominance• Continuity• Consistency

Proportion

Proportion : A correspondence among the measures of the members of an entire work, and of the whole to a certain part selected as standard.

Proportion refers to the proper or harmonious relation of one part to another or to the whole.

While the designer usually has a range of choices when determining the proportions of things, some are given to us by the nature of materials, by how building elements respond toforces, and by how things are made.

Here is an example about how we use Proportion in buildings interfaces :

Taj Mahal - India Example :

Example From Jordan-Amman

Shmaisani

RhythmRhythm : Movement characterized by a patterned repetition or alternation of formal elements or motifs in the same or a modified form.

Rhythm refers to any movement characterized by a patterned recurrence of elements or motifs at regular or irregular intervals. The movement may be of our eyes as we follow recurring elements in a composition, or of our bodies as we advance through a sequence of spaces. In either case, rhythm incorporates the fundamental notion of repetition as a device to organize forms and spaces in architecture.

Some examples about the Rhythm from Ching’s Book :

Rhythm created by connecting points in space Contrasting rhythms

Horizontal and vertical rhythms

Here is an example : Stone towers by Architect Zaha

Hadid in Cairo-Egypt

Alshmaisani

GeometryGeometry : an area of research which combines applied geometry and architecture, which looks at the design, analysis and manufacture processes. Geometry is all about shapes and their properties.

From geometry we know the regular shapes to be the circle, and the infinite series of regular polygonsthat can be inscribed within it. Of these, the most significant are the primary shapes: the circle, thetriangle, and the square.

Geometry is based on the primary shapes

Primary shapes

Circle Triangle Square

Library and Learning Centre -Vienna

Parallelogram

Example :

Habiba – Almadina Almonawara Street

Parallelogram

ProgressionProgression: Steady improvement, as of a society or civilization. To work on the new building progressed at a rapid rate and to advance toward a higher or better stage.(it is the steps that a building goes through to become what you see in the final construction)

Progressive, reverberating patterns of forms and spaces can be organized in thefollowing ways:• in a radial or concentric manner about a point• sequentially according to size in a linear fashion• randomly but related by proximity as well as similarity of form

Three ways to organize reverberating patterns of forms and spaces

In a radial or concentric manner

about a point

Sequentially according to size in a

linear fashion

randomly but related by proximity as well as similarity of form

Burj KhalifaExample :

Example From Jordan-Amman Jordan Bank

ContrastContrast: A principle of art. When defining it, art experts refer to the arrangement of opposite elements (light vs. dark colors, rough vs. smooth textures, large vs. small shapes, etc.) in a piece so as to create visual interest, excitement and drama.

Contrast: Opposition or juxtaposition of dissimilar elements in a work of art to intensify each element’s properties and produce a more dynamic expressiveness.

The colors white and black provide the greatest degree of contrast. Complementary colors also highly contrast with one another.

An artist can employ contrast as a tool, to direct the viewer's attention to a particular point of interest within the piece.

Example : Los Angeles

BLACK / WHITE

Fitness First Makka street

Gardens Street

light vs. darkrough vs. smooth

ContinuityContinuity: An uninterrupted succession or flow; a coherent whole. Some of its synonyms logical sequence, cohesion, or connection.

searched for continuity in the forms we see within our field of vision. If any of the primary solids is partially hidden from our view we tend to complete its form and visualize it as if it were whole because the mind fills in what the eyes don’t see. In a similar manner, when regular forms have fragments from their volumes, they retain their formal identities if we perceive them as incomplete wholes. We refer to these mutilated forms as subtractive forms.

Continuity reduces the separateness of the parts.

Continuity concentrates on smooth transitions.

Continuity reduces the independence of the elements and focuses on the largest element of the whole, while reducing focus on the other independent elements.

LEVI - FINLANDExample :

Notes :1) No closed shapes.2) It looks like the infinity

Focal point

Focal point :element which first catches the attention of the viewer , ( visual starting point which will begin the journey of recognizing the whole architecture work ).

Focal point is an important principle of design that relates to the vertical weight of an architectural composition.

We can notice that most of the Masjeds and Churches have a Focal Point !

For Example :

Another Example : Blossoming - Dubai

Example From Jordan-Amman Makka Street

Dominance

Dominance: An important principle of design that relates to the visual weight of an architectural composition.

A form or space may dominate an architectural composition by beingsignificantly different in size from all the other elements in the composition.Normally, this dominance is made visible by the sheer size of an element. In some cases, an element can dominate by being significantly smaller than theother elements in the organization, but placed in a well-defined setting.

Blue Mosque - IstanbulExample :

Fitness First Makka street

Consistency

: the stability in structure. An architectural structure depends on consistency in which it has to be stable with a specific repetition. We usually sense consistency when we look at a specific structure and we feel density with in the structure itself. Architects use this principle to help them construct the front interfaces of buildings and houses.

Consistency: the stability in structure. An architectural structure depends on consistency in which it has to be stable with a specific repetition. We usually sense consistency when we look at a specific structure and we feel density with in the structure itself. Architects use this principle to help them construct the front interfaces of buildings and houses..

Example : Dubai

Example From Jordan-Amman Alshmaisani

Thank You!

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