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Decentralized Basic Education 1: Management and
Governance
Assessment of the Feasibility of
Including School-Based
Management Materials in the PPG
and PGSD Programs at UNILA
September 2011
This report is one of a series of special reports produced by Research Triangle
Institute (RTI), Implementing Partner for the USAID-funded Improved Quality of
Decentralized Basic Education (IQDBE) program in Indonesia
More Effective Decentralized Education Management and Governance (DBE1)
Assessment of the feasibility of including school-based
management materials in the PPG and PGSD programs at
UNILA
Contract 497-M-00-05-00029-00 Prepared for USAID/Indonesia Prepared by RTI International 3040 Cornwallis Road Post Office Box 12194 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194
The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.
Table of Contents Page
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 1
PREPARATION FOR THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION (PPG) PROGRAM AT UNILA....... 2
NEEDS ANALYSIS AND PREPARATION FOR THE DBE1-UNILA COLLABORATION ............................ 3
TRAINING OF TRAINERS WORKSHOP 1: LEADERSHIP AND SCHOOL COMMITTEE
STRENGTHENING ............................................................................................................................................... 6
TRAINING OF TRAINERS WORKSHOP 2: PREPARING A SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (RKS/M)
AND ANNUAL PLAN (RKT) ............................................................................................................................... 8
PLANS FOR DISSEMINATION OF SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT AND FOR THE PPG PROGRAM
.............................................................................................................................................................................. 10
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................ 12
APPENDIX 1 : PARTICIPANT LIST ................................................................................................................. 13
APPENDIX 2 : GLOSSARY OF TERMS ........................................................................................................... 14
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 1
Introduction
This brief report describes the results, findings and recommendations of an
assessment of the feasibility of including school-based management materials
in the PPG (Pendidikan Profesi Guru) program at the University of Lampung
(UNILA) in South Sumatra1.
The national PPG program (Pendidikan Profesi Guru or Professional Teacher
Education) was planned by MONE as a structured educational program for
two groups, as follows:
1. In-service training for Education graduates (S-1), and
2. Pre-service training for S-1/D-IV graduates of non-Education faculties
who have an interest in becoming a teacher, to enable them to become
professional teachers, certified in accordance with national standards of
education.
The PPG program aims to increase the quality and professionalism of the
teaching force by improving both (i) pedagogy and (ii) subject knowledge of
both groups.
In 2010, UNILA was designated by MONE’s Directorate of Higher Education
(Dikti) as one of the universities to pilot the new PPG program. As described
below, within UNILA, the PGSD program has been designated as one of the
study programs for the in-service PPG program. PGSD (Pendidikan Guru
Sekolah Dasar or Elementary School Teacher Education) is the regular pre-
service teacher training program for elementary school teachers.
However, the PPG program has not yet commenced. MONE’s policy on the
PPG program is now unclear. Although the Ministry issued initial guidelines
(juknis) and conducted some training of trainers, internal policy discussions
continue and the program has not yet commenced in the field. The main
reason for this is MONE’s decision to not fund the PPG program as previously
intended. Instead, the program is to be funded by participants, either
personally or with sponsorship from districts or other agencies. As the cost of
joining the program is prohibitive for most individuals and has not been
budgeted for by districts, the PPG program has not yet commenced in
Lampung. To our knowledge, it has not commenced anywhere yet.
As a first step in exploring the possibility of integrating DBE1 school-based
management materials into the PPG program at UNILA, DBE1 has
commenced work with PGSD academic staff to prepare them as facilitators
1 DBE1 Workplan states: “A report describing findings, recommendations, and results of an assessment
of the feasibility of including school-based management materials in the PPG (Pendidikan Profesi
Guru) program at the University of Lampung (UNILA). “
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 2
and trainers using DBE1 materials. This has involved a series of workshops to
present best practices and train PGSD lecturers as school-based management
facilitators. The response of the university has been very positive as described
below. Depending on timing and developments within the university and its
planned PPG program we intend to further develop the approach, more
specifically within PPG in due course. However, if the PPG program does not
eventuate, the program will be completed as planned with the PGSD program.
Preparation for the Professional Teacher Education (PPG) Program at UNILA
Based on the Ministerial regulation, Permendiknas No.126/P/2010 concerning
the designation of Universities (LPTK) as service providers to conduct PPG
for practicing teachers, ten Education Faculty (FKIP) Study Programs at
UNILA were nominated to conduct the PPG program for practicing teachers
in 2010-2013, as follows:
1. Primary School Teacher Education (PGSD)
2. Chemistry
3. Physics
4. Mathematics
5. Geography
6. History
7. Economics
8. Physical Education & Health
9. Language, Indonesian and Regional Literature
10. English
Following up on the Kepmendiknas above, in 2010 FKIP UNILA began
preparation for the PPG program through workshops involving schools, City
and District Education Offices, Heads of Faculties, Programs and Study
Programs. These workshops resulted in a range of guidelines required for PPG
implementation, including curriculum, workshop guides, recruitment
guidelines, and assessment instruments for testing competency.
However, while the implementation of the PPG program was initially delayed
as the university waited on policy clarification and funding from MONE’s
Directorate for Higher Education (Dikti), it is now further delayed due to the
cost of the program which must be borne by the participants or by district
education offices sponsoring participants. Reportedly this will amount to some
Rp6 million per participant per semester. A meeting was planned for
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 3
September to discuss this issue with Heads of District Education Offices from
the five districts with which UNILA has an MOU. (See below for an account
of this meeting). At this stage the future of the program is uncertain.
Needs Analysis and Preparation for the DBE1-UNILA Collaboration
Following informal discussions in 2010, DBE1 met in January 2011 with
FKIP, UNILA, to discuss the possibility of cooperation between the two
organizations. Present at the discussion were the Dean and Assistant Deans
(academic, financial and human resources, and student affairs), and DBE1’s
COP and national Training Specialist.
With the aim of increasing the capacity of schools and district education
offices in the province of Lampung, FKIP UNILA expressed interest in the
DBE1 program for both school level (RKS/M, Leadership, School Committee,
and BOS Management) and district level (Asset Management, Personnel
Management, and so forth).
The university has received a grant from MONE’s Directorate for Higher
Education (Dikti) to enhance PGSD faculty research capabilities. The grant of
Rp 1.5 billion per year will last for three years making a total of Rp 4.5 billion.
In this context, UNILA indicated that it hoped DBE1 can help develop a
program to utilize these funds in a way that is effective in genuinely
improving the quality of lecturers, especially in the areas of research and
writing scientific papers. Our intention has been: (1) to link this research to the
implementation of school-based management programs in schools in this
region, (2) developing the capacity of UNILA as a service provider while at
the same time exploring the possibility of integrating DBE1’s school based
management materials into the PPG program.
Subsequent to this, DBE1 met in June with the Rector of UNILA, the Dean of
UNILA’s FKIP, and senior managers to discuss the program. Discussions
covered:
the working agreement (KAK),
an introduction to DBE1’s school-based management program,
analysis of the needs of the PGSD program in UNILA, and
an action plan for implementation.
It was agreed that DBE1 will work in collaboration with UNILA to develop
the capacity of this institution as a service provider to deliver DBE1’s school-
based management programs to schools and district education offices in the
province of Lampung.
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 4
The Rector welcomed the DBE1 team and indicated that he strongly supports
this cooperation. He further indicated that UNILA is ready to carry out
dissemination through cooperation with the districts and the province of
Lampung, the Provincial Education Department, and LPMP.
The program was subsequently promoted through local media, including
Lampung Post, Thursday, July 14 (see below).
Based on the discussion, the working agreement (KAK) was limited to the
DBE1 school-based management program on the grounds of time constraints.
The program of work with districts was also written into the KAK. The team
of service provider participants was selected to include five service provider
personnel, five PGSD lecturers and the Dean as coordinator. (See Appendix
1). UNILA have prepared a special room for these collaborative activities.
This space is for offices and personnel for the DBE1 UNILA Service Provider
program.
A schedule for the training of trainers (TOT) program was agreed and the
university confirmed its interest in integrating DBE1’s school-based
management materials into its PGSD curriculum – and, pending developments
with the PPG program, into PPG. The training subsequently commenced in
July.
Needs Analysis of PGSD Lecturers, FKIP UNILA
The needs of PGSD lecturers were analyzed in a workshop conducted on
June13-14 in Bandar Lampung. This analysis took place within the context of
the university’s P4KA program which focuses on improving the practitioner
knowledge of academic staff – as opposed to the purely theoretical and class-
based knowledge that already exists.
The ‘Introduction to Academic Capability Learning Process Program’
(Program Pengenalan Proses Pembelajaran Kemampuan Akademik, known
as P4KA), is integrated with practice in the field / best practices. The aim is to
enable students to directly experience the atmosphere of the school, interacting
with teachers, learners, and the school environments, so that ultimately these
students are ready to become teachers. Structurally students can understand
the stages of activities at the school from beginning to teach up to being able
to manage learning in the classroom. It is also expected that students will take
part in the P4KA coaching model using the manual for this program.
Based on the analysis, it was found that lecturers need interventions related:
1. Soft skills,
2. Mastery of IT-based learning,
3. The ability of researching (mastery of research methodology),
4. Laboratory school management.
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 5
Radar Lampung, 14th July 2011
Lampung Post, 14th July 2011
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 6
Training of Trainers Workshop 1: Leadership and School Committee Strengthening
Implementation
The activity was conducted at the Hotel Amalia Bandar Lampung on 12-14
July, 2011. Eleven prospective ‘Service Provider’ facilitators from UNILA
attended as planned. DBE1 workshop was facilitated by members of the
national team. The event was officially opened and closed by the Dean of
FKIP, UNILA.
Results
The involvement of participants in this training was enthusiastic as evidenced
by their prompt arrival and returning, and the fact that nobody left the room
during the event. The program ran in an orderly and smooth way as planned.
Participants took part actively in the activities as instructed by the facilitator,
for example in discussion, individual and group tasks and doing occasional
energizers led by a facilitator. In discussion it was evident that the participants
realized that the training was crucial for them to improve their understanding
and skills as a facilitator both for the leadership and school committee
training, and to increase practical skills that had not previously been obtained.
The participants also realized that the knowledge and skills gained in this
training were very useful and required by supervisors and principals. As a
result they realized the necessity to take part seriously in the training so that
later they can in turn facilitate training effectively. The participants were
clearly hoping to become effective facilitators who can add value by
improving the quality of education in schools and madrasah.
Follow-Up
The UNILA ‘service provider team’ established four working groups
(kelompok kerja), each group consisting of two or three prospective
facilitators, to undertake the task of the School Committee Condition Survey
using the self-review format in August-November 2011 as follows:
Group 1: Metro City,
Group 2: East Lampung District,
Group 3: Way Kanan District, and
Group 4: Bandar Lampung.
At the end of July 2011 the team planned to investigate, in cooperation with
the Regional Government of Metro City, plans for upgrading school
management. During the months of August to November 2011, the team also
plans to conduct a survey on the understanding of laws and regulations for
education in the City of Bandar Lampung.
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 7
The team will also work on the integration of DBE1training materials into the
curriculum for Masters level (S2) Education Management courses at FKIP
UNILA so that later the university can produce facilitators from students in the
S2 program on Education Management at UNILA. Looking to the future, it is
hoped that the Education Management Program can also provide a certificates
to students, certifying them as a facilitator for school-based management
(MBS) training.
The second TOT in the series II (School Development Planning: RKS/M) was
subsequently conducted as described below.
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 8
Training of Trainers Workshop 2: Preparing a School Development Plan (RKS/M) and Annual Plan (RKT)
Implementation
The second round of training took place again at the Hotel Amalia Bandar
Lampung on 23 - 26 August, 2011. The eleven prospective ‘service provider
facilitators’ from PGSD, UNILA, attended fully as planned. DBE1 Facilitators
included two members of the national team and one district facilitator. The
training event was officially opened and closed by the Dean of FKIP, UNILA,
who attended the event fully.
Results
The participants again took part enthusiastically in this training. This was
evidenced by the presence of participants for full days. The TOT ran in an
orderly and smooth way as hoped.
The interaction of participants with facilitators was excellent. For example the
questions asked by the participants were very relevant to the material, making
the discussion very positive. Participants also completed tasks as described by
the facilitator, for example working on group activities. Participants were
clearly aware that the TOT preparation on school planning and budgeting was
important for them to improve their understanding and skills as a potential
facilitator, specifically the material concerning the self-evaluation of school /
madrasah (EDS / M), preparation of plans of the school / madrasah (RKS /
M) and annual work plans (RKA). Participants indicated that while they did
not previously understand this material, as a result of the training they
understood it well.
The participants also indicated that they realized that the knowledge and skills
gained in this training will be very useful and are needed by supervisors and
principals. Thus it is necessary for the participants to take the training
seriously so that later they can effectively take on the role as facilitator.
Follow-Up
The UNILA SP team will conduct training of trainers (TOT) for prospective
facilitators in five districts:
1. City of Bandar Lampung,
2. Metro City,
3. East Lampung District,
4. Way Kanang,
5. South Lampung.
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 9
Five pengawas will be invited to participate from each district, making a total
of 20 participants. Conducting the TOT will enable the participants to meet
one of the requirements to obtain a certificate from DBE1. This TOT will be
held on 19 - 22 September 2011 held at Wisma UNILA. DBE1 has agreed to
assist with the preparation and execution of this activity.
Prior to the activity, UNILA will also hold a meeting with the Head of the
District Office of Education in the five districts. It is hoped that DBE1 can
attend and provide comprehensive information on DBE1 programs both at
district and school level (MBS). These activities will be held at Wisma
UNILA.
The TOT Series III (School / Madrasah Financial Management) will be
conducted in the third week of September 2011 (TOR and RAB are still being
prepared).
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 10
Plans for Dissemination of School-Based Management and for the PPG Program
In September 2011, DBE1 met with UNILA to plan in detail for the follow up
to the workshops described above.
Preparation of a training plan
Discussions on a training plan or ‘Terms of Reference’ (TOR) and schedule of
activities for dissemination of DBE1 school-based management programs took
place on September 8, 2011 in the Office of the Dean FKIP UNILA. The
meeting was attended by all eleven members of UNILA’s service provider
team. The agenda included:
1. Plans for the program to socialize school-based management
methodologies to 20 supervisors from the five partner districts / cities in
the province of Lampung,
2. Follow-up to this socialization, and
3. Plans for the PPG program
As a result of the meeting, Terms of Reference and a schedule for
dissemination activities were agreed on. It was further agreed to discuss
planned activities to follow-up the socialization program in the five districts /
cities with the Department of Education district / city. A detailed discussion
was conducted the following morning at a meeting with the head of the
District Education Offices in Lampung province (see below).
Plans for the dissemination of school-based management programs
A meeting was held on September 9, 2011 at FKIP UNILA, and was attended
by eleven of the fourteen District Education Offices in Lampung province:
Bandar Lampung, Metro City, Way Kanan, Pringsewu, Pesawaran,
Tenggamus, Tulang Bawang, West Lampung, East Lampung, Central
Lampung, South Lampung, North Lampung, West Tulang Bawang, Mesuji.
All five partner District Education offices agreed to the planned follow-up
dissemination activities for the school-based management program in each
district. Specifically, each district will fund five days training for one school
cluster. The facilitator costs will be funded by DBE1.
In a parallel development, in Way Kanan District, training for three model
schools will also be conducted by the NGO, International Corruption Watch
(ICW), on Corruption-Free Schools (Sekolah Harapan Sekolah Bebas
Korupsi).
A detailed schedule will be discussed on September 18, 2011. As a follow up
to the discussion, the Heads of District Education Offices of the five districts
will be invited by the Mayor of Banda Lampung to attend the opening of this
training on 18 September 2011.
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 11
Plans for the follow-up dissemination of the PPG Program
The UNILA PPG program has not yet been implemented because of the
constraints described earlier in this report. The costs required to complete the
in-service PPG for one year is Rp 12 million, while the cost of the pre-service
PPG PGSD study program is Rp 6 million / semester.
According to the Dean, in a meeting with Director General of Higher
Education (Dikti), UNILA, along with other teacher training universities
(LPTK) throughout Indonesia, rejected plans for the in-service PPG program
if the cost is to be charged to the participants (teachers). As a result, in July
2011, MONE revised the regulation, Kemendiknas No.126/2010, by issuing
Kepmendiknas Number 052, 2011, specifically concerning the cost of tuition.
The Directorate General of Higher Education (Dikti) is currently seeking
scholarship for the PPG program through the state budget for 2011. FKIP
UNILA has agreed on the following policy:
1. The in-service PPG program will be promoted by the Education Office of
each district to interested teachers. However, participants will not be
enticed by the promise of a scholarship due to the concern that this may
not eventuate. The PPG socialization program will commence on 12
September and will run until the end of September 2011.
2. Registration on-line will be activated on September 12 and will continue
up until October 8, 2011.
3. Participant selection will be conducted by the District Education Offices,
while the academic selection will be conducted by FKIP UNILA.
4. For participants who require it, residential care for two semesters will be
provided by UNILA.
5. Admission is open to districts / cities which are able to meet the
requirements already mentioned.
6. FKIP UNILA has a quota of ten courses, with each course receiving a
quota of 30 participants, except for the PGSD study program which has 60
participants, making a total quota in 2011 of 330 persons.
7. Each study program will be conducted if at least 20 participants enroll.
Follow-Up
The UNILA Service Provider team will conduct a socialization activity for the
school-based management program with 20 supervisors from the five districts
/ cities in Wisma UNILA on 18 to 20 September 2011. The Head of the
Education Office will be invited from each of the five Districts / Cities to
discuss in detail the follow-up activities for the socialization, specifically a
training program for each district’s School-Based Management Development
Team in one cluster (gugus) as a forum for the training of prospective
facilitators by the UNILA Service Provider team.
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 12
Findings and Recommendations
The future of MONE’s Professional Teacher Education (PPG) program is
currently unclear. Given the apparent decision of the national Ministry to not
fund the program, it will either not proceed or will proceed at a lower level
than originally anticipated. While demand may be there amongst teachers and
prospective teachers with non-Education degrees, it is unlikely in the current
context that individuals will be prepared to self-fund their participation in the
program. At the same time, it is also unclear as to whether districts or other
agencies such as non-government school networks will be prepared to fund the
program. UNILA are holding ongoing discussions with districts in Lampung
to determine the level of demand for the program in that province.
Meanwhile, DBE1 has proceeded to develop a very successful program with
UNILA’s education faculty (FKIP) and specifically with the Elementary
School Teacher Program (PGSD) to develop their capacity as a service
provider for school based management programs. The high level of interest
and commitment to this program from the institution has been evident in the
attendance of the Dean of FKIP throughout.
It is recommended that DBE1 continue to monitor developments with the PPG
program, both at UNILA and nationally, during the remaining months of the
project. The collaboration with UNILA should continue as far as possible
given the limited time remaining to enable DBE1 to support the PGSD team in
becoming an effective service provider for school-based management
programs to districts in Lampung. At the same time the PGSD should be
encouraged to use DBE1 school-based management materials in an integrated
way as material for their PGSD curriculum and as a basis for action research.
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 13
Appendix 1 : Participant List
DAFTAR NAMA PESERTA DBE1 FKIP UNILA
NO NAMA NIP
1 Dr. H. Bujang Rahman, M.Si. 19600315 198503 1 003
2 Dr. Mulyanto Widodo, M.Pd. 19620203 198811 1 001
3 Dr. M. Thoha B. Sampurna Jaya, M.S. 19520831 198103 1 001
4 Dr. Sumadi, M.S. 19530717 198003 1 005
5 Dr. Alben Ambarita, M.Pd. 19570711 198503 1 004
6 Dr. Irawan Suntoro, M.S. 19560323 198403 1 003
7 Dr. Riswandi, M.Pd. 19760808 200912 1 001
8 Dr. Darsono, M.Pd. 19541016 198003 1 003
9 Dr. Suwarjo, M.Pd. 19551222 197903 1 003
10 Dr. Abdurrahman, M.Si. 19681210 199303 1 002
11 Budi Kadaryanto, S.Pd., M.A. 19810326 200501 1 003
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 14
Appendix 2 : Glossary of Terms
APBD Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Daerah Annual District Budget
BaKTI Bursa Pengetahuan Kawasan Timur
Indonesia
Eastern Indonesia Knowledge Exchange
Balitbang Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Research and Development Center
Bappeda Badan Perencanaan & Pengembangan
Daerah
Regional Planning and Development
Board
BOS Bantuan Operasional Sekolah School block grant (from National
Education Ministry)
BP - British Petroleum
CLCC - Creating Learning Communities for
Children project
CLGI Center for Local Government Innovation
DBE - Decentralized Basic Education project
DBE1 - Decentralized Basic Education - 1
DBE2 - Decentralized Basic Education - 2
DBE3 - Decentralized Basic Education - 3
DDI Darud Da’wah Wal-Irsyad Islamic Organization which coordinates
private Islamic schooling in South
Sulawesi
Depag Departemen Agama Religious Affairs Department
Dewan Pendidikan Education Board (provincial)
Diklat Pendidikan & Pelatihan Training and Education Center
Dikti Direcktorat Pendidikan Tinggi Higher Education Directorate
Dinas Pendidikan Education Office
DPRD Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Regional Representative Parliament
Gramedia An Indonesian publisher and book vendor
FKIP Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Education Faculty
GOI Government of Indonesia
ICT - Information & Communication Technology
LGSP - Local Government Support Project
LPMP Lembaga Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Educational Quality Assurance Institution
madrasah Islamic school
Assessment of The Feasibility in the PPG and PGSD Program at UNILA 15
M&E - Monitoring & Evaluation
MBE - Managing Basic Education project
MDC - Madrasah Development Centers
MOU - Memorandum of Understanding
Muhammadiyah Mass Islamic Organization
NFE - Non-formal education
NTT PEP - Nusa Tenggara Timur Primary Education
Partnership
NU Nahdlatul Ulama Mass Islamic Organization
P4KA Program Pengenalan Proses
Pembelajaran Kemampuan Akademik
Introduction to Academic Capability
Learning Process Program
P4TK Pusat Pengembangan & Pemberdayaan
Pendidik & Tenaga Kependidikan
Center for Teacher and Educational
Personnel Development & Empowerment
pendampingan mentoring
PPA - Public-Private Alliance
PSBG Pusat Sumber Belajar Gugus Cluster Learning Resource Center
PGSD Program Guru Sekolah Dasar Elementary School Teacher Program
PPG Pendidikan Profesional Guru Professional Teacher Education
Renstra SKPD Strategic Plan for Government District
Operational Unit
Rencana Pengembangan Kapasitas Capacity Development Plan
RPS Rencana Pengembangan Sekolah School Development Plan
RTI - Research Triangle Institute
Sekolah unggulan School of excellence (lighthouse or model
school)
UNILA Universitas Nasional Lampung National University of Lampung
USAID - United States Agency for International
Development
yayasan Non-profit foundation
YIPD Yayasan Inovasi Pemerintahan Daerah Foundation for Innovation in Local
Government
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