bark beetles in utah · bark beetles ryan s. davis, arthropod diagnostician, and darren mcavoy,...

Published by Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory July 2012ENT-165-12

Bark BeetlesRyan S. Davis, Arthropod Diagnostician, and Darren McAvoy, Extension Forestry Associate

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW• Barkbeetlesareasignificantcauseof

treemortalityintheforestandurbanenvironment.

• Toprotecthigh-valuetreesaroundhomesites,usepreventativetrunkspraysofcarbaryl,permethrin,andbifenthrinpriortobeetleflight.

• Soil-andtrunk-appliedsystemicinsecticides (e.g., imidacloprid and dinotefuran)donotsufficientlyprotecttreesfrombarkbeetleattack.

Fig. 2. Typical top-down dieback pattern on pines infestedbyIpsbeetles2.

Barkbeetlesareoneofthemostdestructiveforestpestsintheworld.Theyaredifferentthanthelargerlonghornedandroundheaded/metallicwoodboringbeetlescommonlyinfestingtheinnerwoodoftrees.Thelargestbarkbeetle,theredturpentinebeetle (Dendroctonus valens),reachesonly8.3mminlength.Becauseoftheirtinysize(Fig.1),barkbeetlesarenoteffectivetreekillersasindividuals.Instead,primarybarkbeetlesworktogether,sendingpioneerbeetlestosearchforstressed or dying trees. When pioneer beetles findaweakenedtree,theyboreintoandfeed

BIOLOGY

onthethinphloemlayerjustunderthebark.Astheyfeed,chemicalsfromtheirfoodareconverted into attractive chemicals, signaling tootherbeetlesofthesamespeciesthatasuitablehostwasfound. Beetles that detect the airborne chemicalswillflytothestressedtree,boreintothephloem,createamating(nuptual)chamber,mate,andhollow-outaparentalgallerylayingeggsastheyprogress.Usually,many beetles attack the same tree in a short periodoftimeallowingthemtoovercomeitsdefenses(e.g.,resininpines).Thisiscalledmassattack.Afteregghatch,immaturebeetles(larvae)(Fig.12)beginfeedingoutwardfromthe parental gallery, girdling the tree. This larval girdling is the same as killing a tree by deeply scoringitsentirecircumferencewithaknifeorFig.1.Averagesizeofanadultbarkbeetlecompared

to a penny1.

HOW DO I KNOW IF MY TREES ARE INFESTED?

Fadingtreecrowns(Figs.3-4)aregoodindicatorsofbarkbeetleinfestationorotherhealthproblems.Insomecases,crownfadingcanbedelayedbycoldtemperatures.Treesattackedinfallmayremainmostlygreenuntilearlysummer.Crownfadingrangesfromveryslightoff-green,toyellow,brown,andred, depending on how recently the tree was attacked. Trees attacked by Ips beetles usuallyhavecrowndie-backfromthetopdown,whichmayhappenoverthecourseofaseasonorafewyearsassuccessivebeetlegenerations attack progressively lower portions ofthetree. Ifthecrownappearsoffcolored,completeathoroughinspectionofthetreetrunkandbranches.Lookforasawdustlikesubstance(frass)thatcanbefoundinthecracksandcrevicesoftreebarkoronthegroundaroundthetrunk(Fig.5).Alsolookforpitchtubes(Figs.6-8),whichareresindepositsexudedfromtreesinanattempttodefenditself.Pitchtubesaremostcommononpinetrees,butsmallamountsofpitchfromsomehardwoods may also be seen. The presence ofpitchtubesand/orfrassindicatestheneedforfurtherinvestigation.Ifthetubesand/orfrassarevisibleonmorethanhalfofthetrunkcircumference,useahatchettopullbackbarkfromanareaunderthepitchtubesandexaminetheexposedwoodandbackofbark. Lookforsignsofcurrentorpastbeetleinfestationssuchasgalleries(Fig.10),eggs,larvae(Fig.12),pupae,andadultbeetles.Ifgalleries and larvae are present, this indicates acurrentattack.Ifthegalleriesareemptyandnolarvae,pupaeoradultbeetlesarepresent,thentheinfestationislikelyold.Notethatsomebeetles,suchasthewesternpinebeetle,will

saw.Oncethephloemlayerisgirdled,nutrienttransport within the tree stops, and the tree eventuallydies.Manybarkbeetlescarryafungusthatinhibitswatertransportwithinthetree, aiding in tree death. Inanurbansetting,treesareeasilystressedbyheatanddrought,soilcompaction,over/underwatering,oldage,and mechanical damage making them prime targetsforbarkbeetles.Ourhabitofplantingidenticaltreespeciesingroupsorrowsmakesthe problem worse, allowing beetles to easily move between closely growing host trees and causemajoraestheticdamage.

Fig.3.Recentlyinfestedtreesmaynotshowobvioussignsoffading3.

Figs.4-5.(Left)Fadingcrownofbarkbeetleinfestedtrees2.(Right)

Frass,orsawdust-likematerialonthetrunkisinindicationofbarkbeetle

infestation4.

Figs.6-8.(LeftandRight)Pitchtubesaredefensivechemicalcompounds

exudedfromthetreethatmayindicatebarkbeetleattack5,6.(Upperleft

corner)Barkbeetlecaughtbyatree’sdefensiveresin7.

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BEETLE IDENTIFICATION AND COMMON UTAH BARK BEETLES

Bark beetles are small and similar looking.Alwayshaveyourbeetleidentifiedbyaprofessionalentomologist.However,homeowners can narrow down the possibilities byansweringthefollowingquestions:

1)Whattreespeciesisaffected?UseTable1onthefollowingpagetonarrowdownpossiblebarkbeetlesusinghostplant/treeinformation.

2)Whatdothegallerieslooklike?Toviewgalleries,barkmustberemovedfromthetree.Donotattemptthisunlessyouaresurethewholetree,orthepartofthetreeyouareinterestedinisdead.Lookatthegallerypicturesbelowandmatchthemwiththegeneralshapeofyourgalleries.

3)Whatisthegeneralappearanceofthebeetle?Lookattheadultbeetlepicturesbelowandmatchmajorfeatures.Beetlesareextractedfromthetreeusingdestructivehatchet sampling methods as well.

entertheouterbarklayersinlaterlarvalstages.Iftheconditionofthephloemlayer(soft,white,thinlayerbetweenthebarkandwoodlayers)isbrowntoblack,orcompletelydried-up,thenthetreemaybedead.Checktherestofthecircumferenceofthetreeforlivephloem.Ifnolivingphloemisfound,thetreeshouldberemoved and treated to kill the beetles; see the“Sanitation”sectionfortechniques. Beetleexitholesoftenhavea“shotgun”patternintreebark(Figs.9&11),indicatingthat bark beetles have already exited the tree. Ifyouseeanysignsofbarkbeetles--fadingcrown,pitchtubes,frass,galleries(Fig.10),larvae(Fig.12),oradults--besuretoexaminetherestofthetreesonyourpropertyforsignsofbeetleattack,especiallytreesofthesameorrelatedspecies.Ifyouliveclosetoyourneighbors,theyshouldalsobenotifiedtoexaminetheirtrees.Ifyouarenotcomfortableevaluatingyourowntree,contactaqualifiedarboristforhelp,orsubmitsamplestotheUPPDL.

Fig.9.Exitholescreatedfromemergingadultbarkbeetles8.

Figs.10-11.(Left)Barkbeetleparentalandlarvalgalleries;larvaecanbe

seeninnewlyconstructedpupalchamberswheretheywilltransforminto

adults9.(Right)Shotgunpatternofexitholesfromshotholeborers6.

Fig.12.Barkbeetlelarvaeareleglesswhitegrubswithabrownhead

capsule10.

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Utah’s Common Bark BeetlesBark Beetle Name Scientific Name Utah Hosts Generations

Per Year*

SpruceIps Ips hunteri blue&Engelmannspruce 2 - 3

SpruceIps Ips pillifrons Engelmannspruce 2 - 3

PineEngraver Ips piniponderosa, lodgepole, and occasionally other

pines2 - 3

PinyonIps Ips confusus pinyonandsingleleafpinyon upto5

Six-SpinedIps Ips calligraphus ponderosa pine 2 - 4

Pine“Ips” Orthotomicus latidenspinyon, lodgepole,

limber, ponderosa and other pines

1 - 2

Banded Elm Bark Beetle Scolytus schevyrewi elms 2 - 3

EuropeanElmBarkBeetle Scolytus multistriatus elms 2 - 3

Fir Engraver Scolytus ventralis firs 1/2-1

Shot-hole Borer Scolytus rugulosus apples, pears, cherries, and hawthorns 2

MountainPineBeetle

Dendroctonus ponderosae

lodgepole, ponderosa, limber, and other pines 1

Douglas-FirBeetle Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Douglas-fir 1

RoundheadedPineBeetle Dendroctonus adjunctus ponderosa pine 1

SpruceBeetle Dendroctonus rufipennis Engelmannandbluespruce 1/2-1

EuropeanShot-hole Borer Xyleborus dispar

Norway&sugarmaple,water & paper birch, hazels,walnuts,apples,

pears, cherries, oak, willow, and grapes

1

WalnutTwigBeetle Pityophthorus juglandis walnuts 2

ArizonaCypressBeetle Phloeosinus cristatus

Arizonacypress,junipers,cedars,sequoia,

redwood1 - 2

Western balsam Engraver Dryocetes confusus

sub-alpinefir,whitefir,andEngelmannspruce

(notcommon)1/2

Table1.CommonbarkbeetlesandhosttreesinUtah.*Generationsperyeararegiven,butmayvarydependingonyourlocationinUtah:uselowerestimates

fornorthernUtahandhighelevationsandthehigherendforsouthernandlowerelevationsites.

DENDROCTONUS BEETLES

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IPS BEETLES

Ipsbeetlesarethemostcommonlyencounteredbarkbeetlesinlandscapepines.Adultbeetles(topleftandright)havespinesalongtheirouterwings.Ipsgalleriesresembletheshapeofanoctopusbutwithfewerarms.Thereisacenterchambergivingrisetomultipleparentalgallerieswhereeggsarelaid.Uponhatching,larvaeradiateoutwardfromtheparentalgallery.Larvalgalleriesbecome progressively wider as the larvae grow, terminating in acirculartoovalpupalchamber.Ideally,adultsandimmaturebeetleswillbepresentinyoursample,indicatingtheyarestillinthetree.Ifemptygalleriesandpupalchambersarepresentthenit is likely the beetles have emerged to attack another host.

BarkbeetlesinthegenusDendroctonusaresomeofthemostdevastatingforestinsectpestsintheworld.Themostnotablespeciesinthewestisthemountainpinebeetle(MPB),responsibleforthedestructionofmillionsofacresoftimbereveryyear.Mountainpinebeetlelessfrequentlyattackspinetreesinthenon-forestedurbanlandscape.MPBgalleiesarerecognizedaslong,straight,verticalgallerieswitha“j”crookatthebottom.Thegalleriesusuallyextendfrom1to3feetupthetree.OtherDendroctonus species affectanarrowerrangeofhosttrees.ThesewillbemostcommonlyseeninhighelevationlodgepoleandspruceforestsinUtah.

Figs.12.-14.(Left)Ipsbarkbeetlehaveobviousspinesontherearoftheirouterwingsanda(Center)

concave depression11-12. Ipsgalleriescanbeidentifiedbyacentralnuptualchamber(Right)with

parentalgalleriesradiatingoutwardgivingan“octopus”shape13.

Figs.15.-17.(Left)AdultmountainpineissimilarinappearancetootherDendroctonus bark

beetles14. Dendroctonusbeetlegalleriesvaryfromspaghetti-platepatternsofparentaland

larvalgalleries(Center)tolongandstraightparentalgallerieswithoutwardradiatinglarval

galleries(Right)8-15.

SCOLYTUS BEETLES

DRYOCETES, PHLOEOSINUS, PITYOPHTHORUS, AND XYLEBORUS BEETLES

OfthefourcommonScolytus beetles in Utah, the elm-feedingEuropeanelmbarkbeetleandthebandedelmbarkbeetlearethemostabundantintheurbanlandscape.TheyarealsomajorvectorsoftheDutchElmDisease(DED)fungus,whichcankillelmtreesorcausechronicillnessandstress.Formorein-depthinformation,pleaseseeourfactsheet“Elm Bark BeetlesandDutchElmDisease.” Theshotholeborercaninfeststressedorinjuredportionsofapple,cherry,pear,andhawthorntreesinUtah.Normally,thisbeetlekillslargertreebranchesratherthanwholetrees.InUtahthefirengraverbeetlecommonlykillsstressedfirtreesinhigh-elevationforests,butcaninfestfirtreescommonlyplantedin the landscape.

ThebeetlesinFigures24-27aremostlyminorpestsinUtah.Thewesternbalsambarkbeetlemostlyattackdiseasedorstressedfirtreesathighelevations,butcouldaffectwhiteandotherornamentalfirsinthelandscape.AllrecordsofPhloeosinusbeetlesinUtaharefromornamentalArizonacypresstreesinWashingtonCounty. Most Pityophthorusbeetlesaffectsmallerlimbsandbranchesondyingorstressedtreesorlimbs.Theyusuallydonotcausetreedeathandarenotapestofconcern.OnenotableexceptionistheWalnutTwigBeetle,whichtogetherwithitstree-killingfungus,ThousandCankersDisease(Geosmithia sp.),haskilledmanyblackandotherwalnutsthroughoutthewestandareasofthemidwestandsoutheast.Together,thebeetleandfungusarethemajorpestofwalnutsintheU.S.FormoreinformationonthisbeetlereadthefactsheetfromColoradoStateUniversity. Xyleborusbeetlesarecalledambrosiabeetlesbecauseoftheambrosiafungustheycarry.Ambrosiabeetlesaredifferentfromotherbarkbeetlesinthattheydonotfeedinthephloemlayer,butboreintothesapwoodofthetree.Onceinthesapwood,theyfeedonthegrowingambrosiafungusinsideoftheirgalleriesfromwhichtheygaintheirnutrition.

Figs.18-20.(Left)Firengravergalleries1.(Middle)Bandedelmbarkbeetlefeedingonbranchcrotches16.(Right)Shotholeboreradult1.

Figs.21-23.(Left)Adultwesternbalsambarkbeetle15.(Middle)AdultPhloeosinus beetle18.(Right)Adultwalnuttwigbeetle19.

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CONTROLMechanical/Physical: Keeptreeshealthyandstressfreewithproperdeepwateringandfertilization,especiallyforold,stressedtrees.Insomesituations,treerootsmustcompetewithturfroots or will have deeper root systems than turfandmustbewateredlessfrequentlyforlongerdurations.Soilshouldcontainadequatemoisturetoadepthofabout20inches.Soilmoisturecanbetestedbypushingalongscrew driver or slim metal rod into the soil. The metal will easily penetrate moist soil, and will stop when dry soil is reached. Deep watering totreesshouldbedoneonceaweekduringhotsummermonths(July,August)andlessfrequentlyinthecoolermonths.Theamountofwaterittakestodeepirrigateto20incheswilldependonyoursoiltype(lesswaterforsandysoils,moreforclaysoils),soexperimentwithwateringtimesuntilyourscrewdrivertestshowsmoisturetoadepthofabout20inches.Irrigationatnormalturfvolumesisnotadequatefortreeirrigation.Supplementaloradditional sprinkler irrigation is necessary. For moreinformationonproperwateringclick here. Barkbeetlecontrolmustbepreventativeandshouldbeginwithmonitoringandscouting.Closelyobserveyourtreestocatchhealthissuesbeforetheybecomemajor problems. For more detail on what to lookfor,seethesection“HowdoIKnowifMyTreeisInfested?”above.ConsultyourlocalUSUExtensionofficeortheUPPDLforcurrentinformationonbeetleflightsandspraytiming.

Monitoring/Traps: Lindgrenfunneltrapsusedincombinationwithattractivelures(e.g.,ipstrilure,alpha-pinene,ethanol,etc.)canattractvariousbarkbeetles.Whenbeetlesspecifictoyourhosttree(e.g.,spruceipsandbluespruce)beginshowingupintraps,preventativespraysshouldbeappliedimmediately.Whiletrapscangiveaccurateadultflightinformation,theyalsoattractbeetlestoyourproperty,whichcouldleadtotreeattack.Usetrapsandlurescarefully.Neverlocate traps near host trees as spillover can occur.Itismoreeffectivetovisuallymonitoryourneighborhoodandsurroundingareastoseeiftreeshavebeenkilledbybarkbeetles.Thiscouldindicatethatbeetlesareinthearea,andthatprotectionofhigh-valuetreesmaybeneeded.

Chemical Control: Oncethebeetlesareunderthebarkand have girdled the tree, there are no chemicalsthatwillsavethetree.Preventiveinsecticidesshouldbeappliedbeforebeetlesemergeinspringorearlysummer.Springinsecticideapplicationsshouldoccuroncetemperaturesareconsistentlyover50°F.Atthistemperature,manybarkbeetlescontinuedevelopmentunderthebarkoremergetofindnewhosttrees.Properlytimedandapplied insecticides will kill bark beetles as they chewthroughtheinsecticide-soakedbark,preventingsuccessfulattack.Someproductsarelabeledfortrunkapplicationstoinfestedtreestokillbeetlesastheyemergeorunderthebarktopreventinfestationofadditionaltrees. To date, no systemic insecticides have beenproveneffectiveatpreventingbarkbeetlesfromkillingtrees. Toprotectornamental(non-fruitbearing)treesfrombarkbeetleattackapplya preventative insecticide prior to beetle flight.Sincebarktreatmentsareappliedatahigherratethanforothersites,selectproductslabeledforuseasabarktreatmentonornamentalorforesttrees,dependingonyoursituation.Themosteffectiveactiveingredientsincludecarbaryl,bifenthrin,andpermethrin.Belowareafewexamplesofeach.Linkstoproductlabelsareincluded,butmaybeoutdated.Pleasemakesureyoureadthelabelontheproductyoupurchasebeforeuse.Informationonbarkbeetleprevention/controlcanbefoundnearthebottomoftheproductlabels.

Carbaryl: Group 1A, Carbamates +Carbaryl4L(label) - Type: Generaluse.

- Site: Directtrunktreatment:Roses,flowers,otherherbaceous plants,woodyplants,evergreens,andshrubs.

- Labeled Pests: Elmbarkbeetle,Ipsengraverbeetles,mountain pinebeetle,roundheadedpinebeetle,sprucebeetle, western pine beetle.

- Application: Applytobarkandmainbranchesdownto5 inchesdiameterinspringpriortoflight.Onlyoneapplication per year needed.

- Notes: Licensedprofessionalwithhigh-poweredspray equipmentrecommended.Quantitiessoldintendedfor agriculturalorcommercialuse.

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+SevinXLRPlus(label) - Type: Generaluse.

- Site: Directtrunktreatment:Forestedareasandrangeland trees;forests,treeplantationsplantedChristmastrees,parks, ruralshelterbelts,rangelandtrees.

- Labeled Pests: Elmbarkbeetle,Ipsengraverbeetles, mountainpinebeetle,roundheadedpinebeetle,spruce beetle, western pine beetle.

- Application: Applytobarkandmainbranchesdownto5 inchesdiameterinspringpriortoflight.Onlyoneapplication per year needed.

- Notes: Licensedprofessionalwithhigh-poweredspray equipmentrecommended.Quantitiessoldintendedfor agriculturalorcommercialuse.

Bifenthrin: Group 3A, Pyrethroids

+BifenXTSInsecticide/Termiticide(label) - Type: Generaluse.

- Site: Trunkspraytoornamentaltrees.

- Labeled Pests: To control Dendroctonusbarkbeetlessuchas blackturpentinebeetle,mountainpinebeetle,westernpine tipbeetle,southernpinetipbeetle,andengraverbeetles (Ipsspp.)Alsoforuseonotherbarkbeetlessuchas ambrosia beetles, elm bark beetles, and emerald ash borer.

- Application: Applytobarkandmainbranchesdownto5 inchesdiameterinspringpriortoflight.Onlyoneapplication peryearneeded.Canalsobeusedtocontrolemerging broodfromattackedordeadtrees.

- Notes: Licensedprofessionalwithhigh-poweredspray equipmentrecommended.Recommendedforlicensed commercialapplicatorsfortermitecontrol,butincludes applicationtoornamentaltreesforthecontrolofbark beetles.

+OnyxInsecticide(label) - Type: Generaluse.

- Site: Trunkspraytoornamentaltrees.

- Labeled Pests: To control Dendroctonusbarkbeetlessuchas mountainpinebeetle,southernpinebeetle,westernpine beetle,blackturpentinebeetle,andengraverbeetles(Ips spp.)Alsoforuseonotherbarkbeetlessuchasambrosia beetles, elm bark beetles, and emerald ash borer.

- Application: Applytobarkandmainbranchesdownto5 inchesdiameterinspringpriortoflight.Onlyoneapplication peryearneeded.Canalsobeusedtocontrolemerging broodfromattackedordeadtrees.

- Notes: Licensedprofessionalwithhigh-poweredspray equipmentrecommended.Intendedforusebylicensed commercialapplicatorsforcontrolofturfandornamental pests.

Permethrin: Group 3A, Pyrethroids+ Astro (label) - Type: Generaluse.

- Site: Ornamental trees.

- Labeled Pests: Tocontrolbarkbeetles:Dendroctonus spp., Ips spp.,elmbarkbeetles,mountainpinebeetle,pine engravers,turpentinebeetles,andwesternpinebeetle.

- Application: Applytobarkandmainbranchesdownto5 inchesdiameterinspringpriortoflight.Canalsobeusedto controlemergingbroodfromattackedordeadtrees.

- Notes: Licensedprofessionalwithhigh-poweredspray equipmentrecommended.Intendedforusebylicensed commercialapplicatorsforcontrolofinsectpestsonlawns, ornamentaltreesandshrubsandaroundbuildingsfor perimeterinsectcontrolincludinglandscapedareas aroundresidential,institutional,public,commercialand industrialbuildings,parks,recreationalareas,andathletic fields.

+HiYield38PlusTurf,Termite&Ornamental InsectControl(label) - Type: Generaluse.Intendedforhomeowneruse.

- Site: Ornamentals.

- Labeled Pests: To control bark beetles and boring insects (including,butnotlimitedto:ashborer,bronzebirchborer, rhododendronborer,elmbarkbeetlesandturpentine beetles.)

- Application: Stem-infestingbeetles:treatlowerbranchesand trunkpriortoadultemergence.Complete,uniform coverageisneededforbestcontrol.Arepeatapplication may be necessary on a 3 to 4 week interval to prevent severe tree stem damage.

- Notes: Foroutdoorhomeowner(residential)useonly.Best productforusebynon-licensedchemicalapplicators.High poweredsprayequipmentneededforcompletecoverage on larger trees.

Forhomeowners,Hi-Yield38PlusTurf,Termite&OrnamentalInsectControlContaining38%Permethrinisreadilyavailable,soldinvariousquantities,reasonablypriced,andcanbeusedforotherresidentialturfandlandscapepests.Othergeneraluseproductsabovecanbepurchasedforhomeowneruse,butusuallycomeinlargerquantitiesandareintendedforusebylicensed,commercialapplicators. Applicationofchemicalstakesspecialequipment.Iflargertreesneedtreatment,hireacompanywithhigh-pressuresprayequipmenttoreachfarupinthetreeforcompletecoverageandoptimumprotection.Selectaproductthatislabeledfortheintendedsiteandsituationofapplication.

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UtahStateUniversityiscommittedtoprovidinganenvironmentfreefromharassmentandotherformsofillegaldiscriminationbasedonrace,color,religion,sex,nationalorigin,age(40andolder),dis-ability,andveteran’sstatus.USU’spolicyalsoprohibitsdiscriminationonthebasisofsexualorientationinemploymentandacademicrelatedpracticesanddecisions.UtahStateUniversityemployeesandstudentscannot,becauseofrace,color,religion,sex,nationalorigin,age,disability,orveteran’sstatus,refusetohire;discharge;promote;demote;terminate;discriminateincompensation;ordiscriminateregardingterms,privileges,orconditionsofemployment,againstanypersonotherwisequalified.Employeesandstudentsalsocannotdiscriminateintheclassroom,residencehalls,orinon/offcampus,USU-sponsoredeventsandactivities.ThispublicationisissuedinfurtheranceofCooperativeExtensionwork,actsofMay8andJune30,1914,incooperationwiththeU.S.Dept.ofAg.,NoelleE.Cockett,VicePresidentforExtensionandAgriculture,UtahStateUniversity.

Page9UPPDL,5305OldMainHill,LoganUT84322,utahpests.usu.edu T:435.797.2435F:435.797.8197

Precautionary Statement:UtahStateUniversityExtensionanditsemployeesarenotresponsiblefortheuse,misuse,ordamagecausedbyapplicationormisapplicationofproductsorinformationmentionedinthisdocument.Allpesticidesarelabeledwithingredients,instructions,andrisks,andnotallareregisteredforediblecrops.“Registereduse”pesticidesmayonlybeappliedbyalicensedapplicator.Thepesticideapplicatorislegallyresponsibleforproperuse.USUmakesnoendorsementoftheproductslistedherein.

PHOTOS

Avoiduseofthesechemicalsonfloweringtreesduringbloomtopreventbeedeath.Forfullprotection,applytheproductofchoicethroughoutthegrowingseasonattheintervallistedonthelabel.Someoftheproductsaboveonlyrequireoneapplicationperyearinthespringpriortobeetleflight.ContactyourlocalExtensionofficeortheUPPDLforguidanceonspraytimingandproductselection.

Sanitation: Ifanactiveinfestationisdiscoveredinatreeandthetreewilldie,thetreeshouldberemoved immediately and treated to prevent furtherdevelopmentandflightofbeetles.Acommon mistakeistocutdownaninfestedtreeandthenstackinfestedlogsundera

1USDAForestService,OgdenArchives,Bugwood.org.2WilliamM.Ciesla,ForestHealthInternational,Bugwood.org3BillCiesla,ColoradoStateUniversity.4BryttenSteed,USDAForestService,Bugwood.org.5ChrisSchnepf,UniversityofIdaho,Bugwood.org.6JackKellyClark,UniversityofCaliforniaStatewideIPMProject.7DarrenBlackford,USDAForestService,Bugwood.org.8RonaldFBillings,TexasForestService,Bugwood.org.9LaddLivingston,IdahoDepartmentoflands,Bugwood.org.10GeraldJ.Lenhard,LousianaStateUniversity,Bugwood.org.11PestandDiseaseImageLibrary,Australia,Bugwood.org.12DavidT.Almquist,UniversityofFlorida,Bugwood.org.13JeraldDewey,USDAForestService,Bugwood.org.14ErichG.Vallery,USDAForestService,Bugwood.org.15USDAForestService,Region2,Bugwood.org.16WhitneyCranshaw,ColoradoStateUniversity,Bugwood.org.17BudapestHorvathMuseum,Victoria,Melbourne,Australia,Bugwood.org.18NatashaWright,FloridaDeptmentofAg.andConsumerServices,Bugwood.org.19JimLabonte,OregonDepartmentofAgriculture.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCESIpsBeetles:ColoradoStateUniversityFactSheetMountainPineBeetle:ColoradoStateUniversityFactSheetUSDA Forest Service, Rocky Mt. Research Station WebsiteUtahDivisionofForestry,FireandStateLandsFactSheetUniversityofCaliforniaIntegratedPestManagementProgramFactSheetBarkandWoodboringBeetlesoftheWorldWebsite

nearby host tree. Removing a tree does not kill thebeetlesandtheycanstilldevelopunderthe bark and emerge to attack more trees! Aftercuttinganinfestedtreetherearemultipletechniquesforkillingbeetlesunderthebark: - Debark: Removeallbarkfromthetree.

- Insecticide Spray: Use a labeled insecticide to treat the tree priortoremovalortologsafterremoval.

- Solarization: Cutlogsintendedforfirewooduseshouldbe stackedinanareaoffullsunandcoveredtightlywithblack plastic.

- Suffocation: Logscanbeburiedundersoilorsubmergedin water.

- Chip: Ifnofirewoodisdesired,cutlogscanbechippedand usedasmulch.

FactSheetSeries:Insects-LandscapeandOrnamental