incredible invaders: how bark and ambrosia beetles are colonizing the world
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Incredible invaders: How bark and ambrosia beetles are colonizing the worldTRANSCRIPT
Incredible Invaders: how wood boring beetles are colonizing the world Caroline Storer Jiri Hulcr Craig Bateman Martin Kostovcik School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida
purple swamphen
hydrilla
fire ants
lionfish
wild pigs
The wood boring ambrosia beetles
The redbay ambrosia beetle
Are avocados
next?
Cumulative number of established invasive bark and ambrosia beetles species in the U.S.
Lee et al. 2007
Why are bark and ambrosia beetles incredible invaders?
Ambrosia beetles build galleries in the xylem of dying trees for farming their symbiotic fungus
They carry fungus in specialized tissue called mycangia
Ambrosia beetles push excavated material out of galleries for fungus farming
Ambrosia beetles have bizarre genetics
Ambrosia beetles have bizarre genetics
diploid mother
haploid son
Haplo-diploid: Females produce many diploid
daughters and one haploid son
Ambrosia beetles have bizarre genetics
diploid mother
haploid son
Haplo-diploid: Females produce many diploid
daughters and one haploid son
Ambrosia beetles have bizarre genetics
diploid mother
haploid son
Haplo-diploid: Females produce many diploid
daughters and one haploid son
Inbreed: The haploid son mates with its sisters
A single female can start a new population
Provide new insights into the ecology of the ambrosia beetles using emerging molecular tools
Diversity and specificity of fungal symbionts in Ambrosia beetles
Diversity and specificity of fungal symbionts in Ambrosia beetles
Fungal cultures from exotic and native beetles
Diversity and specificity of fungal symbionts in Ambrosia beetles
Xylosandrus crassiusculus
Xyleborus ferrugineus
Xyleborus affinis
High-throughput sequencing of exotic and native beetle fungal communities
Diversity and abundance of fungal communities is variable and sometimes beetle species specific
Patterns of symbiont diversity
Xyleborus diverse, less specific
Xylosandrus less diverse, more specific
Euwallacea diverse, less specific
Beetle Fungus community
Patterns of symbiont diversity
Xyleborus diverse, less specific
Xylosandrus less diverse, more specific
Euwallacea diverse, less specific
Beetle Fungus community Mycangia
Population structure and inbreeding in Ambrosia beetles
Xylosandrus crassiusculus
1 mm
o Abundant
o Exotic (in the US)
o Sometimes pest
Xylosandrus crassiusculus
1 mm
o Abundant
o Exotic (in the US)
o Sometimes pest
Maryland
Northern NC
Southern NC
North Florida
South Carolina
Central Florida
2-3 beetles sequenced from 6 locations
genotype-by-sequencing
genotype-by-sequencing
genotype-by-sequencing
o Fast - No marker development - Sample prep takes days
o Fast - No marker development - Sample prep takes days
o High-throughput
- 100s of individuals - 100s of genotypes
genotype-by-sequencing
o Fast - No marker development - Sample prep takes days
o High-throughput
- 100s of individuals - 100s of genotypes
o Robust - High-quality sequence data - Biological signals are recoverable (Buerkle & Gompert 2013)
genotype-by-sequencing
o Fast - No marker development - Sample prep takes days
o High-throughput
- 100s of individuals - 100s of genotypes
o Robust - High-quality sequence data - Biological signals are recoverable (Buerkle & Gompert 2013)
genotype-by-sequencing
restriction-site associated sequencing (RADseq)
restriction-site associated sequencing (RADseq)
Petterson et al. 2012
restriction-site associated sequencing (RADseq)
Petterson et al. 2012
ddRADseq enables the sequencing of the same genomic region in many taxonomically related individuals
No population structure associated with geographic location
Central Florida North Florida South Carolina Southern North Carolina Northern North Carolina Maryland
Principal coordinate 1 (35.34%)
Principal coordinate 2
(14.54%)
-‐1
-‐0.8
-‐0.6
-‐0.4
-‐0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
FIS
locus
FIS > 0 inbreeding
FIS < 0 outbreeding
Inbreeding detected at most loci
o Genotype-by-sequencing is possible
o Genotype-by-sequencing is possible o High inbreeding (>0.8) at most loci, but
some outbreeding may occur
o Genotype-by-sequencing is possible o High inbreeding (>0.8) at most loci, but
some outbreeding may occur o No genetic structure associated with
geographic location
o Genotype-by-sequencing is possible o High inbreeding (>0.8) at most loci, but
some outbreeding may occur o No genetic structure associated with
geographic location o High genetic similarity between some
individuals, but not clonal
o What is the global population structure ambrosia beetles?
o What is the global population structure ambrosia beetles?
o How does population structure differ between outbreeding and inbreeding ambrosia beetles?
o What is the global population structure ambrosia beetles?
o How does population structure differ between outbreeding and inbreeding ambrosia beetles? Native and exotic?
o What is the global population structure ambrosia beetles?
o How does population structure differ between outbreeding and inbreeding ambrosia beetles? Native and exotic?
o Is population structure correlated with fungal symbiont biodiversity?
o What is the global population structure ambrosia beetles?
o How does population structure differ between outbreeding and inbreeding ambrosia beetles? Native and exotic?
o Is population structure correlated with fungal symbiont biodiversity?
o Are species complexes a phenotypically plastic single species or distinct cryptic species?
Why are bark and ambrosia beetles incredible invaders?
Why are bark and ambrosia beetles incredible invaders? o Fungal community diversity and specificity may
facilitate colonization
Why are bark and ambrosia beetles incredible invaders? o Beetle fungal community diversity and specificity
may facilitate colonization o Some outbreeding may increase genetic
variation, increasing the chances of establishing populations in a new environment
www.backyardbarkbeetles.org/
The Forest Entomology Lab at University of
Florida
Dr. Jiri Hulcr
Martin Kostovcik
Craig Bateman
Andrew Johnson
Polly Harding (not shown)
UF Graduate Student Council
Sequences are sorted by an individual’s unique barcode... 1
Sequences are sorted by an individual’s unique barcode...
Stack 1 Stack 2
then assembled into locus stacks based on sequence similarity
Stack X
1
2
89,429 stacks in catalog
89,429 stacks in catalog
89,429 stacks in catalog
21,860 stacks shared across
individuals
89,429 stacks in catalog
2,984 SNP loci
genotyped
21,860 stacks shared across
individuals