Chapter 1Chapter 1Colonizing AmericaColonizing America

Section 1 Section 1 North America North America

Before ColumbusBefore Columbus

No one knows for certain when No one knows for certain when 11stst humans arrived in N. America humans arrived in N. America

► Evidence shows they Evidence shows they arrived between arrived between 15,000- 30,000 yrs ago15,000- 30,000 yrs ago

► Probably came over Probably came over Land Bridge of Bering Land Bridge of Bering Strait during Ice AgeStrait during Ice Age

► Most were Nomadic Most were Nomadic hunters following foodhunters following food

► Between 9000-10,000 Between 9000-10,000 yrs ago- they settled yrs ago- they settled downdown

Results of Nomadic Results of Nomadic SettlementSettlement

► Learned to grow Learned to grow cropscrops

► Settled in Central and Settled in Central and South AmericaSouth America

► Area called Area called ► 11stst believed believed

civilization was the civilization was the OlmecOlmec

► Settled in Settled in ► Lived in large villages Lived in large villages

and built and built

►Olmec lasted until Olmec lasted until 300 BC300 BC

►Olmec ideas Olmec ideas influenced other influenced other civilizations including civilizations including TeotihuacanTeotihuacan

►Near present-day Near present-day ► Built up trade Built up trade

network of Obsidiannetwork of Obsidian► Teotihuacan lasted Teotihuacan lasted

until 650 ADuntil 650 AD

Other CivilizationsOther Civilizations► 200 AD- Maya200 AD- Maya► 1200 AD- Aztec1200 AD- Aztec► 300 AD Hohokam300 AD Hohokam► 700 AD- Anasazi700 AD- Anasazi► The SouthwestThe Southwest

► The Pacific CoastThe Pacific Coast► The MississippianThe Mississippian► The SoutheastThe Southeast► The Great PlainsThe Great Plains► The AlgonquinThe Algonquin► The IroquoisThe Iroquois

Section 2- European Section 2- European ExplorationExploration

► 2 Factors helped fuel Age of Exploration:2 Factors helped fuel Age of Exploration:1).1).2).2).► During Middle Ages- Euros traded w/ During Middle Ages- Euros traded w/

Arabs and Asians for luxury itemsArabs and Asians for luxury items- Spices- fruits- silk- Spices- fruits- silk

► W/ wealth from Renaissance and tech W/ wealth from Renaissance and tech from Sci. Rev.- Euros looked for from Sci. Rev.- Euros looked for

Scientific AdvancesScientific Advances►Most Knowledge acquired from Most Knowledge acquired from ►Euros developed the astrolabe- Euros developed the astrolabe-

navigational tool also used to navigational tool also used to ►Euros also perfected design for shipsEuros also perfected design for ships

Added triangular sails to Added triangular sails to Developed a caravel – ship that traveled Developed a caravel – ship that traveled

in shallow waterin shallow water►Pg 15Pg 15

Portuguese ExplorationPortuguese Exploration► Portuguese were 1Portuguese were 1stst

major Euro major Euro explorersexplorers

►Helped by Prince Helped by Prince Henry a.k.a. Henry a.k.a. - 1419- est. a - 1419- est. a navigational schoolnavigational school

► 1420- Port explorers 1420- Port explorers began began

► 1488- Bartolomeu 1488- Bartolomeu Dias reached the Dias reached the

► 1487-8- Vasco da 1487-8- Vasco da Gama sailed around Gama sailed around Africa and reached Africa and reached IndiaIndia

Exploring AmericaExploring America►By 1400’s- Known World was By 1400’s- Known World was ►Many figured you could sail west and Many figured you could sail west and

reach reach ►Christopher Columbus believed it was Christopher Columbus believed it was

a short distance from Spain to Indiaa short distance from Spain to India

Columbus’ 1Columbus’ 1stst Voyage Voyage► Tried for 6 yrs to get Tried for 6 yrs to get

financial backingfinancial backing► Finally came from Finally came from ► Aug 1492- 3 Ships left Aug 1492- 3 Ships left

Spain- By Oct. reached Spain- By Oct. reached present-day Bahamaspresent-day Bahamas

► Also landed on Also landed on ► Encountered Taino Encountered Taino

People- Called them People- Called them -Why?-Why?

► March 1493- Columbus March 1493- Columbus returned w/ gold, returned w/ gold, parrots, spices and parrots, spices and NativesNatives

► Spain would finance Spain would finance more tripsmore trips

► After Columbus’s After Columbus’s return- Spain and Port. return- Spain and Port.

► Pope had 2 countries Pope had 2 countries sign Treaty of sign Treaty of TordesillasTordesillas Created line of Created line of

demarcation in middle of demarcation in middle of AtlanticAtlantic

Spain controlled Spain controlled everything to west of everything to west of line- Portugal- the eastline- Portugal- the east

Columbus ReturnsColumbus Returns►Columbus continued trips to Hispaniola Columbus continued trips to Hispaniola

looking for looking for ►Also had help from brother, BartholomewAlso had help from brother, Bartholomew►Set up gold mines that were worked by Set up gold mines that were worked by ►Est. city of Santo Domingo which became Est. city of Santo Domingo which became

capital of Spanish American Empirecapital of Spanish American Empire►Began mapping Began mapping

Other Spanish ExplorationsOther Spanish Explorations►1499- Amerigo Vespucci explored 1499- Amerigo Vespucci explored

coast of South Americacoast of South America 1501- Made 21501- Made 2ndnd voyage and realized voyage and realized 1507- German mapmaker named “new” 1507- German mapmaker named “new”

landmass landmass ►1513- Ponce de Leon headed north 1513- Ponce de Leon headed north

from Puerto Rico looking for from Puerto Rico looking for ►Landed in land full of wildflowers and Landed in land full of wildflowers and

plants- named it plants- named it

Other Spanish ExplorationsOther Spanish Explorations► 1513- Vasco de Balboa went looking for “south sea”1513- Vasco de Balboa went looking for “south sea”

- Had founded colony of Panama and walked to end - Had founded colony of Panama and walked to end and “found” and “found”

► 1520- Ferdinand Magellan looking for another sea 1520- Ferdinand Magellan looking for another sea route to Asiaroute to Asia- Passed through strait at tip of S. America and - Passed through strait at tip of S. America and reached reached - 1- 1stst to name Pacific Ocean because to name Pacific Ocean because - Died in Philippines but his crew 1- Died in Philippines but his crew 1stst known people known people to circumnavigate globe to circumnavigate globe

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New SpainNew Spain►1519- Hernan Cortes arrived on 1519- Hernan Cortes arrived on

Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico- Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico- Immediately attacked by Immediately attacked by

►Cortes got help from other tribes to Cortes got help from other tribes to eventually eventually - Also had assistance from - Also had assistance from

►Some Aztec believed the Spanish were Some Aztec believed the Spanish were returning Godsreturning Gods

New SpainNew Spain► Cortes one of many conquistadorsCortes one of many conquistadors► Others followed and began Others followed and began ► 1526- Francisco Pizarro went into S. America and 1526- Francisco Pizarro went into S. America and

defeated defeated ► 1540- Coronado went into SW of N. Amer. Looking 1540- Coronado went into SW of N. Amer. Looking

for for - Only found Natives and “shaggy cows” - Only found Natives and “shaggy cows”

► De Soto went into SE parts of N. Amer and TexasDe Soto went into SE parts of N. Amer and Texas- Died on trip- Died on trip

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New SpainNew Spain►Since no gold found and weather Since no gold found and weather

conditions harsh – settlement conditions harsh – settlement ►Primary expeditions of North America Primary expeditions of North America

were led by missionarieswere led by missionaries- Set up missions to convert Natives to - Set up missions to convert Natives to ChristianityChristianity- Some converted Natives violently- Some converted Natives violently

Society of New SpainSociety of New Spain►Spanish developed encomienda Spanish developed encomienda

system in coloniessystem in colonies- System of rewarding - System of rewarding - Also allowed to tax residents and - Also allowed to tax residents and collect slavescollect slaves

New FranceNew France► France also sent France also sent

explorers to est. explorers to est. colonies and colonies and

► 1524- Verrazano 1524- Verrazano sent to find sent to find

► 1530’s- Jacques 1530’s- Jacques Cartier made 3 trips Cartier made 3 trips to North Amer.- to North Amer.- Mapped and Mapped and explored St. explored St. Lawrence RiverLawrence River

► 1602- Champlain 1602- Champlain est. 1est. 1stst colony for colony for Fra Fra - Colony grew slowly- Colony grew slowly- Made $ from - Made $ from

► 1673- Joliet and 1673- Joliet and Marquette became Marquette became 11stst Euros to Euros to

► 1682- LaSalle 1682- LaSalle became 1became 1stst to to

New FranceNew France► LaSalle claimed land at mouth of Mississippi LaSalle claimed land at mouth of Mississippi

River and named Louisiana after River and named Louisiana after ► Est. forts and other settlements in areaEst. forts and other settlements in area

- Biloxi- New Orleans- Mobile- Biloxi- New Orleans- Mobile► Spanish didn’t want French in area- began Spanish didn’t want French in area- began

claiming land to claiming land to ► http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/

0078745217/190653/mod01_2.html0078745217/190653/mod01_2.html►HW- Pg 23 1-8HW- Pg 23 1-8

Section 3- The 13 ColoniesSection 3- The 13 ColoniesEng late in establishing American coloniesEng late in establishing American colonies► 11stst in 1497- John Cabot landed in Nova in 1497- John Cabot landed in Nova

Scotia looking for Scotia looking for Protestant Reformation led some to leave for Protestant Reformation led some to leave for

AmericanAmerican► 1527- Henry VIII began Anglican Church1527- Henry VIII began Anglican Church► Puritans wanted more changes from new Puritans wanted more changes from new

Church but new King James I Church but new King James I ► Caused Puritans to Caused Puritans to

Other Changes in EnglandOther Changes in England► Economic changes Economic changes

also pushed out also pushed out EnglishEnglish

► Nobles began using Nobles began using - Gave them more - Gave them more land to raise sheep land to raise sheep and cropsand crops- Enclosure needed - Enclosure needed fewer workersfewer workers * Those who lost * Those who lost jobs jobs

►Merchant created Merchant created joint-stock joint-stock companiescompanies- Combined - Combined businesses to raise businesses to raise more $more $- Allowed them to - Allowed them to start colonies to sell start colonies to sell productsproducts

Problems with SpainProblems with Spain

►Protestant Eng also had issues w/ Protestant Eng also had issues w/ Catholic SpainCatholic Spain

►To Defend it’s ships- Eng est. outposts To Defend it’s ships- Eng est. outposts in Americain America Walter Raleigh landed in N. Carolina est. Walter Raleigh landed in N. Carolina est.

Roanoke IslandRoanoke Island Made 2 trips- Many from 1Made 2 trips- Many from 1stst group group

returned after 1returned after 1stst winter- the 2 winter- the 2ndnd group group

England Establishes ColonyEngland Establishes Colony► 1606- King James I 1606- King James I

granted charter to granted charter to VA Company to VA Company to

► 1607- Group sailed 1607- Group sailed up James River and up James River and founded founded

► Settlers knew little Settlers knew little about about

► Capt. John Smith Capt. John Smith began began

Jamestown’s ProblemsJamestown’s Problems► To entice settlers- Company offered free To entice settlers- Company offered free

land to anyone who worked for 7 yrsland to anyone who worked for 7 yrs►Helped bring in people but Helped bring in people but ►Winter 1609-10 known as Winter 1609-10 known as

Ate anything availableAte anything available By Spring- Only 60 settlers remainedBy Spring- Only 60 settlers remained Began heading out but a ship w/ supplies arrivedBegan heading out but a ship w/ supplies arrived

►New group instituted new laws and New group instituted new laws and stabilized the colonystabilized the colony Everyone had to contribute to helping the colonyEveryone had to contribute to helping the colony

Jamestown GrowsJamestown Grows►To make a profit- Colonists began To make a profit- Colonists began

growinggrowing► Jamestown was part of the colony of Jamestown was part of the colony of

Virginia controlled by Virginia CompanyVirginia controlled by Virginia Company 1618- Company allowed Virginia to elect 1618- Company allowed Virginia to elect New gov. included a governor, 6 councilors New gov. included a governor, 6 councilors

and 20 reps.and 20 reps. Assembly called Assembly called

Jamestown and Virginia GrowJamestown and Virginia Grow►VA Company also granted headrightsVA Company also granted headrights

Settlers who pd for own passage to Amer. Settlers who pd for own passage to Amer. Received Received

Also received 50 acres for ea. family Also received 50 acres for ea. family member over 15 and ea. servantmember over 15 and ea. servant

►1619- 11619- 1stst slaves arrived in Virginia slaves arrived in Virginia►1622- Jamestown 11622- Jamestown 1stst attacked by attacked by

NativesNatives Attacks devastated colony that Parliament Attacks devastated colony that Parliament

took over colony to be run by took over colony to be run by

Maryland FoundedMaryland Founded► Catholics continued to be persecuted by Catholics continued to be persecuted by

Protestants in EnglandProtestants in England► Lord Baltimore, George Calvert, asked King Lord Baltimore, George Calvert, asked King

to allow him to start a colony for Catholicsto allow him to start a colony for Catholics► 1632- Given land north of VA-Became a 1632- Given land north of VA-Became a

proprietary colonyproprietary colony Proprietor could govern however he wanted as Proprietor could govern however he wanted as

long as he didn’t violate Eng. Lawlong as he didn’t violate Eng. Law► Turns out- more Catholics than Protestants Turns out- more Catholics than Protestants

moved to Marylandmoved to Maryland

Plymouth and MA Bay Plymouth and MA Bay ColoniesColonies

►1608- Group of Puritans- called Separatists- 1608- Group of Puritans- called Separatists- fled persecution in Eng for The Netherlandsfled persecution in Eng for The Netherlands

►1620- Boarded 1620- Boarded MayflowerMayflower and headed and headed toward VA colonytoward VA colony

►Nov 1620- Landed on Cape Cod and Nov 1620- Landed on Cape Cod and decided to settle in decided to settle in

►Before going ashore they signed the 1st Before going ashore they signed the 1st ever document outlining self-government ever document outlining self-government

Plymouth’s TroublesPlymouth’s Troubles►11stst winter was extremely tough- Had winter was extremely tough- Had

shelter but dealt w/ sickness and shelter but dealt w/ sickness and ► In the spring- survivors received help In the spring- survivors received help

from Squanto- a member of the from Squanto- a member of the Wampanoag NationWampanoag Nation

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MA Bay ColonyMA Bay Colony► 1625- Economic and religious problems 1625- Economic and religious problems

continued for Puritans in Eng.continued for Puritans in Eng.►Wealthy business man John Winthrop Wealthy business man John Winthrop

received a charter from the King to est. a received a charter from the King to est. a colony in New Englandcolony in New England

► By 1643- 20,000 settlers living in New Eng.By 1643- 20,000 settlers living in New Eng.► Created a new gov w/ Winthrop elected as Created a new gov w/ Winthrop elected as

Gambling, blasphemy, adultery and drunkenness Gambling, blasphemy, adultery and drunkenness were illegalwere illegal

Gov didn’t allow other religions to operateGov didn’t allow other religions to operate

Founding of Rhode IslandFounding of Rhode Island► 1631- Roger Williams 1631- Roger Williams

moved to MA- Considered moved to MA- Considered himself a Separatisthimself a Separatist

► In his sermons he In his sermons he criticized Puritan beliefscriticized Puritan beliefs

► MA General Court ordered MA General Court ordered him back to Englandhim back to England Williams fled and founded Williams fled and founded

town of Providencetown of Providence In colony- gov had no In colony- gov had no

authority over religionsauthority over religions Separation of Church & Separation of Church &

StateState

Founding of Rhode IslandFounding of Rhode Island► Anne Hutchinson- another Anne Hutchinson- another

Puritan also questioned Puritan also questioned Church authorityChurch authority

► She would evaluate She would evaluate ministers and held ministers and held women-only serviceswomen-only services

► She was banished and She was banished and founded Portsmouth founded Portsmouth colony in present-day RIcolony in present-day RI Others followed and by Others followed and by

1644 the colony of RI was 1644 the colony of RI was officially foundedofficially founded

New England ExpandsNew England Expands► 1636- Rev Thomas 1636- Rev Thomas

Hooker moved Hooker moved congregation to Conn. congregation to Conn. River valleyRiver valley Founded town of Founded town of

HartfordHartford Also wrote Fundamental Also wrote Fundamental

Orders of Conn.Orders of Conn.► Gave all men, not just Gave all men, not just

church members, the church members, the right to voteright to vote

► Beginnings of colony of Beginnings of colony of Conn.Conn.

► Territory to north of MA Territory to north of MA claimed by Sir Fernando claimed by Sir Fernando Gorges (NH) and Capt. Gorges (NH) and Capt. John Mason (ME)John Mason (ME)

► MA claimed both in MA claimed both in court but lost.court but lost.

► 1679- NH became a 1679- NH became a royal colony royal colony

► MA bought Mason’s MA bought Mason’s right to MEright to ME Remained part of MA Remained part of MA

until 1820until 1820

King Phillip’s WarKing Phillip’s War► 1637- war broke out between Natives and 1637- war broke out between Natives and

NE settlersNE settlers► Natives upset over expansion and being Natives upset over expansion and being

forced to follow Eng. Laws and customsforced to follow Eng. Laws and customs► Tensions quieted until 1675- 3 Wampanoags Tensions quieted until 1675- 3 Wampanoags

were arrested and executed in Plymouth were arrested and executed in Plymouth colony for murdercolony for murder Touched off King Phillip’s War- so named after Touched off King Phillip’s War- so named after

Wampanoag leader Metacomet who settlers Wampanoag leader Metacomet who settlers called King Phillipcalled King Phillip

By end of war- 1678- few Natives remained in NE.By end of war- 1678- few Natives remained in NE.

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies► 1642-60 was the English Civil War1642-60 was the English Civil War

During which Eng stopped all colonization to During which Eng stopped all colonization to America but resumed afterAmerica but resumed after

► 1609- Dutch sent Henry Hudson to N. Amer.1609- Dutch sent Henry Hudson to N. Amer.► Claimed the region New Netherlands and Claimed the region New Netherlands and

bought Manhattan island from Nativesbought Manhattan island from Natives Called it New AmsterdamCalled it New Amsterdam Also named river after himselfAlso named river after himself Colony sat between British colonies of New Colony sat between British colonies of New

England and VirginiaEngland and Virginia

England Takes New England Takes New NetherlandsNetherlands

►Eng fought and took the colonyEng fought and took the colony►The King gave land to brother, Duke of The King gave land to brother, Duke of

York, who renamed colony York, who renamed colony ►York also gave some land to King’s York also gave some land to King’s

advisorsadvisors Land called Land called New York and New Jersey offered huge land New York and New Jersey offered huge land

grants, religious freedom and right to have grants, religious freedom and right to have a legislative assemblya legislative assembly

Pennsylvania and DelawarePennsylvania and Delaware► King Charles II owed a debt to deceased King Charles II owed a debt to deceased

father of father of ► To repay debt- King offer large tract of land To repay debt- King offer large tract of land

between NY and Marylandbetween NY and Maryland► Colony where religious and political freedom Colony where religious and political freedom

was practicedwas practiced Natives were also allowed to live in peaceNatives were also allowed to live in peace Capital became Capital became

► 1682- Penn bought 3 counties to south and 1682- Penn bought 3 counties to south and colony named colony named

Sec 4- Society and Economy Sec 4- Society and Economy of the 13 Coloniesof the 13 Colonies

Econ of southern colonies based on cash Econ of southern colonies based on cash crops- crops raised to make $crops- crops raised to make $

►Tobacco- VA, MD, NCTobacco- VA, MD, NC►Rice and indigo- South CarolinaRice and indigo- South CarolinaTo help w/ crops, farmers acquired To help w/ crops, farmers acquired

indentured servantsindentured servants►Owners pd travel expenses of servants and Owners pd travel expenses of servants and

required them to work land for 4-7 yrsrequired them to work land for 4-7 yrs►Owners provided food, clothing and shelterOwners provided food, clothing and shelterSlaves were brought from West AfricaSlaves were brought from West Africa

Southern Social StructureSouthern Social StructureAt top were Gentry- wealthy plantation ownersAt top were Gentry- wealthy plantation owners► Lived on Self-sufficient communitiesLived on Self-sufficient communities►Gentry served in governing councils and some Gentry served in governing councils and some

commanded the militiacommanded the militia►Next were small farmers- they were the Next were small farmers- they were the

majority in the Southmajority in the South Owned small plots of land and only grew enough Owned small plots of land and only grew enough

food to feed familiesfood to feed familiesNext- Tenant farmers- had to rent land from Next- Tenant farmers- had to rent land from

gentry- couldn’t afford land and all it’s costsgentry- couldn’t afford land and all it’s costs► Below tenant farmers were indentured Below tenant farmers were indentured

servants and slavesservants and slaves

In VA- Small tenant farmers In VA- Small tenant farmers wanted to expand into Native wanted to expand into Native

landslands► Hoping to make more $ by Hoping to make more $ by

selling more cropsselling more crops► Nathaniel Bacon helped Nathaniel Bacon helped

farmers by creating own farmers by creating own militia and attacked the militia and attacked the SusquehannockSusquehannock Bacon was wealthy farmer Bacon was wealthy farmer

and politicianand politician► 1667- Bacon’s Rebellion 1667- Bacon’s Rebellion

ended when Bacon got sick ended when Bacon got sick and diedand died

After- VA gov. made land After- VA gov. made land available to small farmers available to small farmers regardless of impact on regardless of impact on NativesNatives

A result of Bacon’s Rebellion A result of Bacon’s Rebellion was rise in slaverywas rise in slavery

►More cheap land became available for More cheap land became available for all farmers after Rebellionall farmers after Rebellion

►Fewer settlers wanted to be indentured Fewer settlers wanted to be indentured servantsservants

►More African slaves brought inMore African slaves brought in African Slaves could be owned foreverAfrican Slaves could be owned forever

►Eng Parliament passed laws to open Eng Parliament passed laws to open trade to make slaves more availabletrade to make slaves more available

New England SocietyNew England SocietyEcon revolved around fishing, whaling and lumberEcon revolved around fishing, whaling and lumber► No large plantations just small farmsNo large plantations just small farms

All practiced subsistent farming All practiced subsistent farming Apples, diary cattle, pigs, sheepApples, diary cattle, pigs, sheep

► Shipbuilding big in region- could be built for 30- Shipbuilding big in region- could be built for 30- 50% less than in Eng50% less than in Eng

In early days- A General Court appointed gov In early days- A General Court appointed gov leadersleaders

►Over time- townspeople began discussing issues Over time- townspeople began discussing issues at at They elected selectman who oversaw town gov.They elected selectman who oversaw town gov. Townspeople could vote at meetingsTownspeople could vote at meetings These early practices of self-governing led the way for These early practices of self-governing led the way for

the the

New England SocietyNew England SocietyNE Society dominated by PuritansNE Society dominated by Puritans► Practiced religion and strict daily lawsPracticed religion and strict daily laws

No card playing or gambling- Must watch over your No card playing or gambling- Must watch over your neighborneighbor

MA legislature (ruled by Puritans) required all towns to MA legislature (ruled by Puritans) required all towns to establish schools based on pop.establish schools based on pop.

Parents required to teach kids how to read the BibleParents required to teach kids how to read the BibleEcon of Mid Colonies combined aspects of both Econ of Mid Colonies combined aspects of both

South and New EnglandSouth and New England► Traded goods that developed large cities along Traded goods that developed large cities along

coastcoast►Great soil for growing large amounts of cash Great soil for growing large amounts of cash

crops- rye, oats, barleycrops- rye, oats, barley Largest cash crop- wheatLargest cash crop- wheat

In early colonial life- farmers had In early colonial life- farmers had to trade for goods not grown in to trade for goods not grown in

coloniescolonies► Est. a triangular trade w/ Caribbean, Europe Est. a triangular trade w/ Caribbean, Europe

and Africaand Africa Pg. 39Pg. 39

► Trade also helped develop major port cities Trade also helped develop major port cities Econ system used in colonies called Econ system used in colonies called ►mercantilism- belief that all goods from a mercantilism- belief that all goods from a

colony should go colony should go ► System benefited both GB and the coloniesSystem benefited both GB and the colonies

GB- Increased flow of gold and silver into countryGB- Increased flow of gold and silver into country Colonies- Provided markets for raw materialsColonies- Provided markets for raw materials

►Provided supplies to make finished goodsProvided supplies to make finished goods

Changes in ColoniesChanges in Colonies1660- King Charles II passed laws based on 1660- King Charles II passed laws based on

mercantilist beliefsmercantilist beliefs►Passed Navigation Acts to generate more $ Passed Navigation Acts to generate more $

for Engfor Eng All goods must be shipped All goods must be shipped Could only sell to Eng or Could only sell to Eng or

►Colonists turned to smuggling to break lawsColonists turned to smuggling to break laws1686- James II succeeded Charles and made 1686- James II succeeded Charles and made

all colonies one royal colony to enforce Actsall colonies one royal colony to enforce Acts► James II upset many in Parliament- even James II upset many in Parliament- even

practiced practiced

Parlia. wanted James’ Protestant Parlia. wanted James’ Protestant daughter Mary to become Queen daughter Mary to become Queen

instead of Catholic son when he diesinstead of Catholic son when he diesJames fled and William and Mary James fled and William and Mary

became king and queen- Known as became king and queen- Known as ►Mary allowed RI and Conn to become Mary allowed RI and Conn to become

separate coloniesseparate colonies MA Bay, Maine and Plymouth into oneMA Bay, Maine and Plymouth into one

►King and Queen had to accept Eng Bill King and Queen had to accept Eng Bill of Rightsof Rights List of guaranteed rights given to British List of guaranteed rights given to British

citizenscitizensHW – pg 41 1-6HW – pg 41 1-6

Sec 5- A Diverse SocietySec 5- A Diverse SocietyPop grew rapidly in colonies for several Pop grew rapidly in colonies for several

reasons:reasons:► High birth rate- Married couples High birth rate- Married couples

averaged 7 children- Not uncommon to averaged 7 children- Not uncommon to have double thathave double that

► Improved housing and sanitationImproved housing and sanitation However, contagious diseases spread However, contagious diseases spread

quickly in major citiesquickly in major cities Rev Cotton Mather promoted inoculation Rev Cotton Mather promoted inoculation

to fight against smallpox in coloniesto fight against smallpox in colonies

Another reason- Immigration Another reason- Immigration increased to coloniesincreased to colonies

►Most went to middle and southern coloniesMost went to middle and southern colonies►Huge numbers of African slaves brought inHuge numbers of African slaves brought in►1775- 100,000 Germans lived in PA- came 1775- 100,000 Germans lived in PA- came

over to escape over to escape ►Beginning in 1717- Scots-Irish began coming Beginning in 1717- Scots-Irish began coming

to America- came because of rising taxes, to America- came because of rising taxes, poor harvests and religious persecutionpoor harvests and religious persecution

► Jews also made their way to America- 1500 Jews also made their way to America- 1500 lived here by 1776lived here by 1776

Women had very little rights in Women had very little rights in Colonial AmericaColonial America

►Married women could not own property or Married women could not own property or make contractsmake contracts

►Husbands ruled house and only ones who Husbands ruled house and only ones who could discipline kids and wivescould discipline kids and wives

►Single women and widows had more rightsSingle women and widows had more rights They could do all things married women could They could do all things married women could

notnot►Many married women worked outside homeMany married women worked outside homeAfricans came to the Americas ViolentlyAfricans came to the Americas Violently►They were captured, branded and crammed They were captured, branded and crammed

into shipsinto ships

Slaves given minimal food and Slaves given minimal food and water- Those who got sick or water- Those who got sick or

died were died were ►All part of All part of ►From 1450-1870- 10-12M Africans From 1450-1870- 10-12M Africans

brought to Americas- 2M died on tripbrought to Americas- 2M died on trip►At 1At 1stst, Africans could gain freedom by , Africans could gain freedom by

converting to Christianityconverting to Christianity►By 1660’s- laws changed to make By 1660’s- laws changed to make

slavery a hereditary system slavery a hereditary system ►1705- VA passed a slave code- Slaves 1705- VA passed a slave code- Slaves

could not own property, testify against could not own property, testify against whites, or move or assemble freelywhites, or move or assemble freely

By 1775- 20% of colonial pop By 1775- 20% of colonial pop were slaveswere slaves

►Most lived on southern plantations Most lived on southern plantations working in the fields and heatworking in the fields and heat

►Worked long days and beaten and Worked long days and beaten and branded by ownersbranded by owners

►Some did resist- They escaped to the Some did resist- They escaped to the NorthNorth Broke or “lost” Broke or “lost” Others rebelled- 1739- Stono Rebellion near Others rebelled- 1739- Stono Rebellion near

Stono River in SC.Stono River in SC.

The Enlightenment and Great The Enlightenment and Great Awaking will change Colonists Awaking will change Colonists

ViewsViews►Enlightenment began in Europe- its Enlightenment began in Europe- its

followers believed natural laws applied to followers believed natural laws applied to society, politics and econ.society, politics and econ. Laws that are not written but followed by Laws that are not written but followed by

nature using reason and logicnature using reason and logic►One Enlightenment thinker was John One Enlightenment thinker was John

LockeLocke Wrote many works- Said we are guaranteed Wrote many works- Said we are guaranteed

Natural Rights of Natural Rights of Also all are born w/ blank slates and minds Also all are born w/ blank slates and minds

can be shaped by society and educationcan be shaped by society and education

Enlightenment ThinkersEnlightenment Thinkers

Rousseau and MontesquieuRousseau and Montesquieu►Both also wrote books expressing their Both also wrote books expressing their

thoughtsthoughts►Rousseau argued that a government Rousseau argued that a government

should formed by should formed by The people make their own lawsThe people make their own laws

►Montesquieu argued that an effective Montesquieu argued that an effective gov. should be divided into 3 branches gov. should be divided into 3 branches

The Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening►Many Americans began turning more towards Many Americans began turning more towards

religion religion ► Began in 1734- Rev Jonathan Edwards of MA Began in 1734- Rev Jonathan Edwards of MA

gave powerful, terrifying sermons to make gave powerful, terrifying sermons to make people convert to Christianitypeople convert to Christianity

► Peaked in 1740- Many congregations split Peaked in 1740- Many congregations split because of the new ideasbecause of the new ideas

► Those who followed new ideas created the Those who followed new ideas created the Baptists, Methodists, Congregationalists and Baptists, Methodists, Congregationalists and PresbyteriansPresbyterians Most Southerners followed Most Southerners followed

►HW- Pg. 47 1-6HW- Pg. 47 1-6