basic 11 - present perfect
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Review4-1 Past participle4-2 Forms of the present perfect4-3 Meanings of the present perfect4-4 Simple past vs. present perfect4-5 Using since and for4-6 Present perfect progressive4-7 Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect4-8 Using already, yet, still, and anymore4-9 Past perfect
CONTENTS
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4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
She has forgotten his name.
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4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
REGULARVERBS
IRREGULARVERBS
SIMPLEFORM
SIMPLEPAST
PASTPARTICIPLE
finishstopwait
seemakeput
finishedstoppedwaited
sawmadeput
finishedstoppedwaited
seenmadeput
past perfect tensepresent perfect tense
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4-1 LET’S PRACTICE
SIMPLEFORM
SIMPLEPAST
PASTPARTICIPLE
stopgotakewrite
stoppedwenttookwrote
stoppedgonetakenwritten
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
He has finished all his work.
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) I have worked very hard this year.
(b) The students have worked hard.
(c) Alex has worked very hard.
STATEMENT: have/has + past participle
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I’ve/You’ve/We’ve/They’ve gone home.
(e) She’s/He’s gone home.
(f) It’s been hot all week.
CONTRACTION : pronoun + have = ’ve pronoun + has =k’s
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NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I have not gone home yet.
(h) Fatima has not gone home.
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NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle
NEGATIVE CONTRACTION: have + not = haven’t
has + not = hasn’t
4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I haven’t gone home yet.
(h) Fatima hasn’t gone home.
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(i) Have you read the report?
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(j) Has Marcy gone home?
(k) How long have you worked there?
QUESTION :
have/has + subject + past participle
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(l)
SHORT ANSWER: have/haven’t
Have you read all of this article?
No, I haven’t. I have only read a
few pages.
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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(m)
SHORT ANSWER: has/hasn’t
Yes, she has. She did it after school.
Has Kyung finished her homework?
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___________________ a snake?
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Have you ever touched
youtouchever
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________________
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
I’ve never touched
touchnever
No,
a snake.
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_________________ a shark?
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Has Justin ever seen
Justinseeever
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Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town,
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
has
South Africa.
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
Tyler has taken his first steps.
Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #1: SOMETHING HAPPENED
BEFORE NOW AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME
PRESENT PERFECT
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.
(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.
(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
occurred before now orsometime in the past
MEANING #1
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?
now
time?
X
before now
X
MEANING #1
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.
(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
activity repeated
before now, unspecified past times
MEANING #1
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.
now
X
before now
XXX
MEANING #1
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #2: A SITUATION BEGAN
IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES TO THE
PRESENT.
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.
(g) I have played the violin for six years. I learned to play six years ago, and I still play it.
present perfect + sincefor
past present
MEANING #2
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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING #2:
xx
x
8:00
now
(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.
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4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
MEANING #1: Something happened before now at an unspecified time.
MEANING #2: A situation began in thepast and continues to the present.
Kyung has already taken the test.
OR ?
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4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
MEANING #1: Something happenedbefore now at an unspecified time
MEANING #2: A situation began in thepast and continues to the present
I’ve been studying since 8 AM.
OR ?
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4-3 LET’S PRACTICE
MEANING #1: Something happenedbefore now at an unspecified time
MEANING #2: A situation began in thepast and continues to the present
Rosa has been to Italy three times.
OR ?
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4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
I had an angel fish when I was a child.
I have had many otherfish since then.
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4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(a) They completed the game at 4:00.
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) They have already completed the game.
specific time
unspecified time
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4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.
PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I have been in Nigeria three times.
specific time
unspecified time
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4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.
PRESENT PERFECT
(f) Eli has been camping for 9 days.(f) Eli has been camping since last Monday.
for activity began & ended in past
for / since activity began & continues
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4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?We have been in Tokyo many times.
OR
UNSPECIFIEDPRESENTPERFECT
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4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?Barry has never been to Tokyo.
OR
UNSPECIFIEDPRESENTPERFECT
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4-4 LET’S PRACTICE
SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?Gina went to Tokyo last month.
OR
SPECIFIED SIMPLE PAST
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
I have been here since 6:00 AM.
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(a) I have worked here
since noon.since Wednesday.since April.since 2006.since May 9, 2007.since yesterday.since last week.
Since Specific point in time
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(c) INCORRECT: I am studying English since 2007.
present perfect + since
present progressive NOT used
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(d) INCORRECT: I study English since 2007.
present perfect + since
simple present NOT used
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.
CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.
(e) INCORRECT: I studied English since 2007.
present perfect + since
simple past NOT used
INCORRECT: I was study English since 2007.
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(f) I have known her since I was fifteen.
MAIN CLAUSE(present perfect)
SINCE-CLAUSE(simple past)
(g) Jim has played many sports since he tried soccer.
Since time clause
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(h) I have worked here
for fifty minutes.for five hours.for ten days.for about six weeks.for almost two months.for many years.for a long time.
For length of time
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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR
(i) I have worked here for twelve years. I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it.
(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now.
present perfect + for + length of time
past present
simple past
past present
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4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Mary has been playing the piano since ___________.
3 hours she was six
she was six
Mary has been playing the piano for ___________. three hours
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4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Alejandro has studied English since ________________.
he started school15 years
he started school
Alejandro has studied English for __________________. fifteen years
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4-5 LET’S PRACTICE
I have driven a taxi _____ 2006.
forsince
since
My uncle has driven a taxi ____ thirty years.for
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