basic pharmacology. hamza

General Pharmacological

Terms

Hamza HemalRadiant Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Brand Name

•Trade name

•Given by the Manufacturer company

•To distinguish products from each other.

Example:ACOS (Radiant)ZIMAX ( Square)

Generic Name

Official medical name for the active ingredient of the medicine.

Example:AzithromycinEsomeprazole

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API

• Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient• Any component that provides

pharmacological activity

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Dosage Form  

• A dosage form is the physical form in which a drug is produced and dispensed.

• Example: – Tablet,– Capsule,– PFS (Powder for Suspension)– Injection

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Strength

Amount of the active ingredient is present in each dosage.

Example:500mg Tablet200mg/5ml PFS

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Brand Name

Generic Name

Strength

Dosage Form

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COGS

• Cost of Goods sold• Raw material + Packaging Material + Utility cost

+ Per head cost

TP• Trade Price• COGS + Profit

Invoice Price

TP+ VAT

MRPMaximum Retail PriceTP+ VAT+ Chemist ProfitHamza

Pharmacodynamics

what the drug does to the body

Pharmacokinetics

what the body does to the drug

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Bioavailability

• Amount of drug that present in blood after administration.

• INTRAVENOUS Route- Bioavaiability 100%

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Peak Plasma concentration, Cmax

The maximum plasma concentration of the drug achieved in blood after a dose

Tmax

The time when the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) is reached.

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Plasma half life/ Elimination Half Life, T1/2

Time necessary for the drug to be reduced to half of its plasma concentration

T1/2

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Area Under the Curve (AUC)

The area under the plot of plasma concentration of drug against time after drug administration.

MEC• Minimum Effective Concentration• The smallest concentration of a drug that will

induce the desired pharmacological effect

MIC• Minimum inhibitory concentration• MIC is defined as the minimum

concentration of antibiotic which will inhibit the growth of the microorganism

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First pass effect/ First pass metabolism

The removal of a drug by the liver, before the drug has become available for use, is called the first pass effect.

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Tendency of a drug to combine with receptor

Efficacy

Power or capacity to produce a desired effect

Potency

Amount of drug required to produce a particular response

Affinity:

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Therapeutic dose

The dose that may be required to produce a desired effect.

Sub Therapeutic dose

Indicating a dosage of a drug, less than the amount required for a therapeutic  effect.

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Bactericidal

Antibiotic that kills the bacteria

Bacteriostatic

Antibiotics that inhibit the growth or reproduction of bacteria

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The End...

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