bio 099 body terminology lab
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8/3/2019 Bio 099 Body Terminology Lab
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Human Body Terminology
Bio 099
Lab
Martini Chapter 1
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Anatomy & Physiology
Structure (anatomy) determines function
(physiology)
"Proportions of the Human Figure" Leonardo da Vinci, 1485-1490
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Gross Anatomy(visible to the unaided eye)
surface anatomy
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Gross Anatomy(visible to the unaided eye)
surface anatomy
regional anatomy
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Gross Anatomy(visible to the unaided eye)
surface anatomy
regional anatomy
systemic anatomy ± organ systems
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Gross Anatomy(visible to the unaided eye)
surface anatomy
regional anatomy
systemic anatomy ± organ systems
developmental anatomy
± embryology
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Gross Anatomy(visible to the unaided eye)
surface anatomy
regional anatomy
systemic anatomy ± organ systems
developmental anatomy
± embryology clinical anatomy
± for example radiology
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Microscopic Anatomy(cannot be seen without magnification)
cytology
± looking at individual cells
histology
± looking at groups of
specialized cells called
tissues
tissues combine to form
organs
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Physiology
The function of the anatomical structure
± Cell physiology
± Special physiology (i.e., cardiac) ± Systemic physiology (i.e., cardiovascular)
± Pathological physiology (Pathos = disease)
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Levels of Organization
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Frames of Anatomical Reference
Anatomy uses a special language to
describe body sections, regions and
relative positions.
You should be familiar with the body
terminology in Chapter 1 (pgs 15-22).
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Anatomical Position
hands at side, palms facing forward
± ST ANDING FRONT = ANTERIOR
± ST ANDING B ACK = POSTERIOR
± LYING FACE UP = SUPINE
± LYING FACE DOWN = PRONE
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Superficial
Anatomy
Anatomical
Landmarks
± Anterior (front)
View
± Figure 1-6
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Superficial
Anatomy
Anatomical
Landmarks
± Posterior (back)
View
± Figure 1-6
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Regions of the Human Body(Table 1-2, Figure 1-6)
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Regions of the Human Body(Table 1-2, Figure 1-6)
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Anatomical Regions
Clinicians use:
± abdominopelvic quadrants
Provides useful
reference for
description of
pain/injury.
RLQ tenderness is a
symptom of appendicitis
Figure 1-7a
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Anatomical Regions
Anatomist use:
± 9 abdominopelvic regions
Figure 1-7
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Anatomical Directional References
Figure 1-8
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Fill in the blank
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Sectional Anatomy
3 Sectional Planes
± traverse
± frontal ± sagittal
Figure 1-9
Plane:
a 3-dimensionalaxis
Section:
a slice parallel to
a plane
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Body Cavities
internal chambers that serve 2 functions
1. protect organs
2. permit change in size without distorting or disrupting
surrounding tissues or adjacent organs
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Ventral Body Cavity (coelom)
Coelom:
± divided by thediaphragm into the
1. thoracic cavity
2. abdominopelvic cavity
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Figure 1²10b
Membranes Isolate the Organs
Serous membranes:
± parietal layer (next to wall of cavity)
± visceral layer (next to organ)
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Thoracic Cavity
thoracic cavity
± pleural cavity
divided by the
mediastinum
organs: lungs
membranes: visceral and
parietal pleura
± pericardial cavity
organs: heart
membranes: visceral and
parietal pericardium
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Figure 1²10c
Mediastinum
mediastinum divides thoracic cavity into 2
pleural cavities
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Abdominopelvic Cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
± peritoneal cavity
membranes: visceral and parietal
peritoneum
± abdominal cavity
(superior peritoneal)
organs: liver, stomach, spleen,
intestine
± pelvic cavity
(inferior peritoneal)
organs: intestine, bladder,
reproductive organs.
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