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international.fnr.de
BIOBASED PRODUCTS FACTS AND FIGURESSeptember 2016
CULTIVATIONRESOURCESPRODUCTS
by decision of theGerman Bundestag
With support from
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Cultivation of renewable resources in Germany in
CULTIVATION OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Land use in Germany
Cultivation of renewable resources in Germany
Source: FNR based on Statistisches Bundesamt, BMEL (2015) © FNR 2016
Source: FNR (2015) © FNR 2016
Source: FNR (2015) * Estimate
Crops Raw material 2014 2015*
Indu
stria
l cro
ps
Starch crops 92,500 93,000
Sugar crops 10,000 10,000
Rapeseed oil 140,000 140,000
Sunflower oil 8,500 9,000
Linseed oil 3,500 3,500
Fibre plants 750 750
Medical plants/vegetable dyes 12,000 12,000
Industrial crops total 267,250 268,250
Ener
gy cr
ops
Rapeseed for biodiesel/plant oil 649,000 616,000
Sugar and starch for bioethanol 188,000 184,000
Crops for biogasthereof maize
1,375,000876,500
1,393,000894,000
Crops for solid biofuels 10,500 10,500
Energy crops total 2,222,500 2,203,500
Total cultivation of renewable resources 2,489,750 2,471,750
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
2,600
2,400
2,200
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
in 1,000 hectare
CULTIVATION OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES IN GERMANY
184 Bioethanol
Source: FNR (2015); © FNR 2015 *Estimate
93 Starch crops10 Sugar crops
12 Medical plants and vegetable dyes
153 Oil crops<1 Fibre plants
616 Biodiesel/ vegetable oil
Biogas 1,393
Solid biofuels 11
2,472Total cultivationin 1,000 hectare
268 INDUSTRIAL USE
2.204 ENERGY USE
CULTIVATION OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES IN GERMANY
2014 and 2015 (in hectare)
Source: FNR based on Statistisches Bundesamt, BMEL (2015) © FNR 2015
Feed
∑
Food
Energy crops
Total area Germany Agricultural area
26 %
13 %Industrial crops2 %
Fallow & land set aside 1 %
58 %Agricultural area
Settlement area,tra�c area,water area,wasteland
21 %47 %
32 %
. m ha
Forest area
LAND USE IN GERMANY
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WOODGERMAN FOREST IN FIGURES
Source: BMEL (2014) © FNR 2015
Beech
Oak
Total area Germany Most common tree speciesin German forests
Pine22.3 %
15.4 %
10.3 %
Spruce25.4 %
Forest area31.9 %11.4 m ha
German forest in figures
GROWTH OF THE TIMBER STOCK IN GERMAN FORESTS
Source: BWi3 (2014) © FNR 2014
Stock balance in m m³
2002
2012
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000
Stock Growth Stock-build-up Outflow (usage, harvest loss, deadwood)
0
Stock 20023,436
Growth 1,252
Outflow 1,091
Stock 20123,663
161
Growth of the timber stock in German forests
Source: BMEL (2014) © FNR 2015
Source: BWi3 (2014) © FNR 2014
For the accounting of wood raw materials by the method of the extend-ed accounting initially the use of wood raw materials for each branch is taken individually and summed up (consumption side). Physical double countings are taken into account by balance sheet extension.
Use of wood in Germany 2010
Source: „Holzrohsto�bilanz Deutschland 2010“ (2012) © FNR 2012
USE OF WOOD IN GERMANY 2010
Total135.5 m solid m³
Bioenergy 68.4 m m³
16.9 m m³ Woodmaterials
2.3 m m³ Others
10.6 m m³ Celluloseand wood pulp
Sawing industry 37.3 m m³
14.1 m m³ Other wood raw materials
4.7 m m³ Bark
15.0 m m³ Sawmillby-products
WOOD RAW MATERIAL BALANCE 2010
Source: „Holzrohsto�bilanz Deutschland 2010“ (2012) © FNR 2014
5.8 m m³ Industrialresidual wood
14.0 m m³ Wastewood
Total135.4 m m3
Trunk wood, 81.8 m m³other merchantable wood,residual forest wood
Wood raw material balance 2010
Source: “Holzrohstoffbilanz Deutschland 2010” (2012) © FNR 2014
Source: “Holzrohstoffbilanz Deutschland 2010” (2012) © FNR 2012
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RESOURCES TOTAL
Material use of renewable resources in Germany 2013
Material use of carbohydrates in Germany 2013
Source: FNR, BMEL (2015) © FNR 2016
MATERIAL USE OF CARBOHYDRATES IN GERMANY 2013
Paper starch 45 %643,000 t
22 % Chemical starchand sugar327,000 t
10 % Natural �bers137,000 t
23 % Chemical pulp335,000 t
Total1.442 m t
Without timber use
Material use of other biogenic resources in Germany 2013
Source: FNR, BMEL (2015) © FNR 2016
MATERIAL USE OF OTHER BIOGENIC RESOURCES IN GERMANY 2013
Cork 4 % 33,400 t 27 % Glycerol
209,100 t
Natural rubber 31 % 238.000 t
14 % Waxes, resins, tannins109,300 t
Total774,000 t
Other biogenic resources 24 %183,800 t
Source: FNR, BMEL (2015) © FNR 2016
MATERIAL USE OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES IN GERMANY 2013
Fats 1.2 m tand oils
0.8 m t Others
1.4 m t Carbohydrates
Total3.4 m t
Development of the material use of renewable resources in Germany
Source: FNR, BMEL (2015) © FNR 2016
Source: FNR, BMEL (2015) © FNR 2016
Source: FNR, BMEL (2015) © FNR 2016
Source: FNR, VCI (2015) © FNR 2016
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CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Material use of organic resources in the chemical industry in Germany 2013
Material use of renewable resources in the chemical industry in Germany 2013
Source: FNR, VCI (2015) © FNR 2016
MATERIAL USE OF ORGANIC RESOURCES IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN GERMANY 2013
Fossil resources 87 %17.3 m t
13 % Biogenic resources2.6 m t
Total19.9 m t
Source: FNR, BMEL (2015) © FNR 2016
MATERIAL USE OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN GERMANY 2013
Fats and oils 46 %1,220,000 t
28 % Otherbiogenic resources
737,000 t
5 % Sugar129,000 t
13 % Chemicalpulp
335,000 t
8 % Starch198,000 t
Total2.619 m t
Source: FNR, VCI (2015) © FNR 2016
Source: FNR, BMEL (2015) © FNR 2016
Production of paper, carton and cardboard in Germany 2014
PAPER AND CARDBOARD
Graphic 8.66 m tpapers
PRODUCTION OF PAPER, CARTON AND CARDBOARD IN GERMANY 2014
Source: Verband Deutscher Papierindustrie (2015) © FNR 2016
1.44 m t Toilet paper
1.39 m t Paper,carton, cardboard
for technicaland special uses
Paper, 11.10 m tcarton, cardboard for packaging
Total22.6 m t
Source: Verband Deutscher Papierindustrie (2015) © FNR 2016
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BIOCOMPOSITES
BIOPLASTICS
World market for polymers, quantities and biobased shares 2011
Source: Marktstudie „Biobasierte Polymere in der Welt“, Carus et al., www.bio-based.eu/markets (2014)
Polymerstotal: ca. 366 m t
biobased: 30.1 m t (8.2 % of total)
Elastomerstotal: 25.8 m t
biobased: 11 m t(43 % of total)
Thermoplastics and thermosets
total: 290 m tbiobased: 15.5 m t
(5.3 % of total)
Synthetic fibrestotal: 50.2 m t
biobased: 3.6 m t(7 % of total)
Functional polymerstotal: 55 m t
biobased: 11.9 m t(22 % of total)
Structural polymerstotal: 235 m t
biobased: 3.6 m t(1.5 % of total)
Paper starch10 m t
Biobased functional polymers
(additives for paints, adhesives, others)
1.9 m t
Linoleum0.1 m t
Biobased structural polymers
3.5 m t
Polyurethane
Starch blends
Polylactide
PHA/PHB
Polyamide
Cellulose acetate
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Source: european bioplastics, IfBB Hochschule Hannover, nova-Institut © FNR 2016
Others (biobased/ 1.1 %non-biodegradable)
12.2 % PLA
Bio-PA 5.5 %
PTT 7.1 %
Bio-PE 11.8 %
Bio-PET30 35.4 %
10.0 % Biodegradablestarch blends
13.0 % Biodegradablepolyesters
2.0 % PHA
0.3 % Others(biodegradable)
1.6 % Regeneratedcellulose
Biobased/non-biodegradable (60.9 %) Biodegradable (39.1 %)
Total 1.7 m t
GLOBAL PRODUCTION CAPACITIES FOR BIOPLASTICS 2014Global production capacities for bioplastics 2014
Source: european bioplastics, IfBB Hochschule Hannover, nova-Institut © FNR 2016
Global production capacities 2011–2020
ThermosetsCAPLA Starch blendsPET PHAPBSOthers (PA, PBAT, PP, PVC, PU) PE
Source: Marktstudie „Biobasierte Polymere in der Welt“, Carus et al., www.bio-based.eu/markets (2014) © FNR 2014
EVOLUTION OF GLOBAL PRODUCTION CAPACITIES 2011 / 2020
2012
0
2
4
6
10
12
8
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
in m t/a
2018 2019 20202011
Source: Marktstudie „Biobasierte Polymere in der Welt“, Carus et al., www.bio-based.eu/markets (2014) © FNR 2014
CA: Cellulose acetatePP: PolypropylenePA: Polyamide PLA: Polylactide
PBAT: Polybutylene adipate terephthalatePTT: Polytrimethylene terephthalatePET: Polyethylene terephthalatePHA: Polyhydroxyalkanoate
PBS: Polybutylene succinatePE: Polyethylene PU: PolyurethanePVC: Polyvinyl chloride
Legend
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Production of biocomposites in Europe 2012PRODUCTION OF BIOCOMPOSITES
IN EUROPE 2012
Source: Carus et al., WPC/NFC: Market study 2012 and Future Trends, www.bio-based.eu/markets (2015) © FNR 2015
Composites, total
2.4 m tbiobased: 15 %
* Wood plastic composites (WPC)** Natural �bre composites (NFC)
WPC*
NFC**Automotive sector 90,000 t
Other products 2,000 t
Total 352,000 t
Automotive sector 60,000 t
Decking boards 174,000 t
Panels and fences 16,000 tTechnical uses 5,000 tFurniture, others 5,000 t
Use of wood and natural fibres for composites in the European automotive industry 2012
Wood 38 %
19 % Flax
8 % Kenaf
USE OF WOOD AND NATURAL FIBRES FOR COMPOSITES IN THE EUROPEAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 2012
Source: Carus et al., WPC/NFC: Market study 2012 and Future Trends, www.bio-based.eu/markets (2015) © FNR 2015
7 % Others
5 % Hemp
Cotton 25 %
Total80,000 t
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Source: Carus et al., WPC/NFC: Market study 2012 and Future Trends, www.bio-based.eu/markets (2015) © FNR 2015
Source: Carus et al., WPC/NFC: Market study 2012 and Future Trends, www.bio-based.eu/markets (2015) © FNR 2015
NATURAL FIBRE COMPOSITES (NFC)
Production of saw wood in Germany
WOOD PRODUCTS AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Production of wood materials in Germany
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Softwood timber 23.9 18.1 19.7 23.1 23.7 22.0 20.4 20.8
Hardwood timber 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Total 25.0 19.2 20.8 24.2 24.7 23.0 21.4 21.8
Source: BMEL (2015) Data in million cubic meters
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Chipboards 10.9 9.2 9.3 9.4 8.5 8.2 8.2 8.1
Fibreboards 6.2 5.0 3.8 2.9 3.0 3.5 3.6 3.6
Plywood 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4
Total 17.3 14.4 13.3 12.4 11.6 11.8 11.9 12.1
Source: BMEL (2015) Data in million cubic meters
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Share of wooden structures on the overall approved residential buildings
Total market for insulating materials in Germany 2011
Mineral 48 %resources13.5 m m³
7 % Renewable resources2.0 m m³
51 % Wood �bres
TOTAL MARKET FOR INSULATING MATERIALS IN GERMANY 2011
Source: FNR (2014) © FNR 2014
42 % Cellulose
5 % Hemp
Fossil 45 % resources12.9 m m³ 2 % Others
Total28.4 m m³
Total residential buildings Share of wooden structures
SHARE OF WOODEN STRUCTURES ON THE OVERALL APPROVED RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Source: Holzbau Deutschland (2015) © FNR 2016
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013
3.55
2
50.8
0
4.35
0
4.24
5
20122004 2006
170,
400
12.1 %
145,
604
12.3 %
142,
138
13.3 %
94,0
08
13.2 %
87,6
74
14.4 %
89,5
09
14.6 %
94,6
02
15.5 %
112,
698
15.2 %
109,
128
15.2 %
100,000
50,000
0
150,000
Residential buildings
113,
128
15.0 %
2005
Source: Holzbau Deutschland (2015) © FNR 2016
Source: FNR (2014) © FNR 2014
Turnover of floorings made of renewable resources
68 % Laminate80.0 m m²
Textile 2 % flooring 2.5 m m²
TURNOVER OF FLOORINGS MADE OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES IN GERMANY 2011
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, MEO, FNR (2012) © FNR 2014
Cork 4 % 5.0 m m²
Linoleum 8 %10.0 m m²
Parquet 18 % 20.7 m m²
Total118.2 m m²
Furniture market in Germany 2011
Other materials 11 %1.8 bn €
Plastic furniture 4 % 0.7 bn €
FURNITURE MARKET IN GERMANY 2011
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, MEO, FNR (2012) © FNR 2014
Metal furniture 19 %3.1 bn €
66 % Wooden furniture10.8 bn €
Total16.4 bn €
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, MEO, FNR (2012) © FNR 2014
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, MEO, FNR (2012) © FNR 2014
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in Germany 2011
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OLEOCHEMISTRY
Total market of biolubricants in Germany 2011
Source: MEO (2014)
TOTAL MARKET OF BIOLUBRICANTS IN GERMANY 2011
Greases Mould oils Saw-chain oils, saw-frames oils Metalworking oilsHydraulic oils Gear oils Engine oils, compressor oils, turbine oils
© FNR 2014
in tonnes
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0> 50 % Share of
renewable resources> 25 % Share of
renewable resourcesBiodegradable
9,100 t
18,510 t
29,810 t3,000
Areas of industrial applications for vegetable oils in Germany 2011
Technical surfactants 5 %and textile additives
Detergents 21 %and toiletries
39 % Others
6 % Coating agents
4 % Inks
AREAS OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR VEGETABLE OILS IN GERMANY 2011
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
1 % Adhesivesand putties
2 % Lubricants
Polymers and additives 22 %
Total1.2 m t
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
BIOLUBRICANTS
Sources of raw materials for biolubricants 2011SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS FOR BIOLUBRICANTS 2011
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
Palm oil 15 % 8 % Others
Rapeseed oil 25 %
Palm kernel oil 20 %
Castor oil 5 %
2 % Sunflower oil
25 % Animal fatsTotal
22,500 t
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
Total amount of vegetable oils and fats in the lubricant market in Germany 2011
Engine oils, 8 %compressor oils, turbine oils
Base oils 6 %
Greases 9 %
13 % Saw-chain oils,saw-frame oils
2 % Machine oils
Quelle: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
TOTAL AMOUNT OF VEGETABLE OILS AND FATS IN THE LUBRICANT MARKET IN GERMANY 2011
Total22,500 t
Mould oils 8 %
1 % Electricalinsulating oils
30 % Hydraulic oils
1 % Other industrial oils
Process oils 9 %
Metalworking 7 %oils
6 % Gear oils
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
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Consumption of ingredients in the household market,
DETERGENTS AND COSMETICS
Share of the different surfactant groups in
CONSUMPTION OF INGREDIENTS IN THE HOUSEHOLD MARKET, DETERGENT MARKET AND TOILETRY MARKET 2010
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
Sodium sulfate 13 %
Surfactants 30 %
Sodium 17 %carbonate
8 % Zeolites
9 % Sodiumpercarbonate
5 % Phosphates
5 % Alcoholicsolvents
3 % Citric acid
2 % Polycarboxylate
8 % Others
Total605,894 t
SHARE OF THE DIFFERENT SURFACTANT GROUPS IN DETERGENTS 2011
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
40 % Purelypetrochemical tensides
5 % Purelybiobased tensides
Mixed tensides 55 %
Total197,000 t
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
Consumption of biobased surfactants 2011CONSUMPTION OF BIOBASED SURFACTANTS 2011
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
Industrial 23,700 t cleaners
114,800 t Toiletriesand cosmetics
Household 118,400 t detergents
Total256,900 t
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
detergents 2011
detergent market and toiletry market 2010
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Cultivation of medicinal plants, spice plants and aromatic plants in Germany 2011
PLANT-BASED DRUGSCULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS, SPICE PLANTS
AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN GERMANY 2011
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
Linseed 21 %
Parsley 15 %
Camomile 9 %
Chives 5 %
5 % Seabuckthorn
40 % Others(fennel, marjoram,
mustard, mint,caraway, thyme,
coriander, milk thistle,balm, St. John's wort,
chervil)
5 % Dill
Total12,239 ha
Demand for plant-based drugs in Germany 2011
Nettle 4 %1,250 t
Balm 5 %1,500 t
Milk thistle 5 %1,550 t
Mint 20 %6,000 t
33 % Others10,440 t
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
DEMAND FOR PLANT-BASED DRUGS IN GERMANY 2011
Total30,760 t
13 % Fennel4,000 t
Anise 5 %1,500 t
15 % Camomile4,500 t
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
Distribution of demand of plant-based drugs in Germany 2011
70 % PhytopharmaceuticalsHuman applications
Veterinairy 5 %products
Cosmetics 5 %
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
DISTRIBUTION OF DEMAND OF PLANT-BASED DRUGS IN GERMANY 2011
Total30,760 t
Health Food 20 %
Turnover of human medicines in pharmacies 2011
Turnover of phytopharmaceuticals in pharmacies: 1.1 bn €
97 % Syntheticpharmaceuticals
Herbal 3 %pharmaceutical
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
TURNOVER OF HUMAN MEDICINES IN PHARMACIES 2011
Total39.1 bn €
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
Source: MEO (2014) © FNR 2014
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BIOECONOMY
Turnover in the biobased economy (EU-28, 2013)
Biofuels 1 %
Forestry 4 %
Agriculture 39 %
Bioenergy 7 %
Textiles 7 %
5 % Chemicalindustry
TURNOVER IN THE BIOBASED ECONOMY (EU-28, 2013)
Source: Piotrowski et al., European Bioeconomy in Figures, www.bio-based.eu/markets (2016) © FNR 2016
Forest-based 15 % industry
17 % Paperindustry
5 % Pharmaceuticalindustry
Total1,000 m €
Source: Piotrowski et al., European Bioeconomy in Figures, www.bio-based.eu/markets (2016) © FNR 2016
Employees in the biobased economy (EU-28, 2013)EMPLOYEES IN THE BIOBASED ECONOMY (EU-28, 2013)
Source: Piotrowski et al., European Bioeconomy in Figures, www.bio-based.eu/markets (2016) © FNR 2016
73 % Agriculture
Biofuels 0,2 %
Forestry 4 %
Bioenergy 1 %
Textiles 6 %
Pharmaceutical industry 1 %Chemical industry 1 %
Paper industry 5 %
Forest-based 10 %industry
Total13.8 m
Source: Piotrowski et al., European Bioeconomy in Figures, www.bio-based.eu/markets (2016) © FNR 2016
www.fnr.de https://mediathek.fnr.de
Market Analysis of Renewable Resources:Abstract: www.fnr.de/marktanalyseLong version: www.fnr.de/marktanalyse/marktanalyse.pdf
National Policy Strategy on Bioeconomy:https://mediathek.fnr.de/broschuren/fremdsprachige-publikationen/english-books/national-policy-strategy-on-bioeconomy.html
Facts and figures on bioenergy:https://mediathek.fnr.de/broschuren/fremdsprachige-publikationen/english-books/bioenergy-in-germany-facts-and-figures.html
www.bio-based.eu
Further information
IMPRINT
Published byFachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V. (FNR)Agency for Renewable Resourceshttp://international.fnr.de
With support from the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, based on a decision of the Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany
PicturesGetty Images/MIXA, Fotolia/Reamonn, FNR/M. Nast, FNR/H. Müller
Design/Implementationwww.tangram.de, Rostock
Printed bywww.druckerei-weidner.de, Rostock
Printed on 100 % recycling paper using vegetable oil-based colours
Order no. 882FNR 2016
Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V. (FNR)Agency for Renewable ResourcesOT Gülzow, Hofplatz 118276 Gülzow-Prüzen, GermanyTel: +49 3843/6930-0Fax: +49 3843/6930 -102info@fnr.dehttp://international.fnr.de
Printed on 100 % recycling paper using vegetable oil-based colours
Order no. 882FNR 2016
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