biochemistry of cells 1 350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7cfvoc4&v=4dbkagcq8mm
Post on 21-Jan-2016
224 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Biochemistry of Cells
1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_739350&feature=iv&src_vid=nt9u7CfVoc4&v=4dbkAGcQ8mM
Carbon CompoundsSection 2.3
Carbon CompoundsOrganic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Monomer:Monosaccharide
Made up of:Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen (H:O in 2:1 ratio)
Lipids
Monomer: Glycerol and Fatty Acids
Made up of: Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen(H:O not in 2:1 ratio)
Proteins
Monomer: Amino Acid
Made up of: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Nucleic Acids
Monomer: Nucleotide
1) 5 Carbon sugar, 2) phosphate group 3)nitrogenous base
Made up of: Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Organic CompoundsAll compounds are either ORGANIC, containing carbon bonded to hydrogen and oxygen, or INORGANIC.
The chemistry of carbon is the chemistry of life.
Carbon Bonding:Carbon has FOUR valence electrons Needs eight electrons to be stable
Carbon readily forms four covalent bonds with other atoms, including carbon
Carbon BondingCarbon can form straight chains,
branched chains, or rings Leading to a great variety of organic
compounds
Carbon BondingSingle Bond Sharing 2 electrons A single line
Double Bond Sharing 4 electrons Two parallel lines
Triple Bond Sharing 6 electrons Three parallel lines
Large Carbon Molecules:
In many carbon compounds, the molecules are built up from smaller, simpler molecules known as MONOMERS.
Monomers can bind to one another to form complex molecules known as POLYMERS. Large polymers are also called MACROMOLECULES The process of reacting monomer molecules together in a
chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks - POLYMERIZATION
2-3 Carbon CompoundsOrganic Chemistry – The study of
all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.
Draw a Carbon- atom with the proper number of valence electrons.
2-3 Carbon CompoundsWhat is so unique about Carbon? Can form up to four covalent bonds Can form single, double, or triple bonds Can bond to other carbons forming long chains and
rings
Hydrocarbons: Are the main
molecules in the gasoline we burn in our cars
11
The hydrocarbons of fat molecules
provide energy for our bodies
The six most abundant elements of life
Macromolecules“Giant Molecules”Formed by a process
known as polymerization.
Monomer – smaller unitsPolymer – larger units
formed by monomers.
How are Polymers formed?
15
Cells link monomers by a process called dehydration
synthesis (removing a molecule of water)
How are Polymers Digested?
Cells break down macromolecules by a process called hydrolysis (adding a molecule of water)
16
Polymers in our Body
Proteins
17
Lipids
Carbohydrates Nucleic
Acids
18
Carbohydrates
1:2:1 Ratio of carbon-hydrogen-oxygen
Plants and Animals use carbohydrates as main source of energy
CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN
Carbohydrates Monomer = monosaccharide - a single sugar unit like those found in soda
Ex:
What is the molecular formula for glucose?
CarbohydratesPolymer Disaccharides: Two sugar units combined like those found in cereal, candy, or milk.
CarbohydratesPolymer Polysaccharide: many sugar units combined
like those found in pasta and potatoes
Ex:Starch: multiple glucose units - how plants store carbs
Carbohydrates Ex:
Glycogen: multiple glucose units how animals store carbs (1 or two days max)
Cellulose:multiple glucose unitsused to build cell wallof plants
Nucleic AcidsMonomer: nucleotide
Made of sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base.
Polymer: polynucleotide or nucleic acid
Store and transmit hereditary or genetic material
Ex: DNA or RNA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fTYZVkmMuU&feature=relmfu
top related