bloodborne pathogens presented by anchorage fire department
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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Presented By
Anchorage Fire Department
WHY are we doing this training?
WHY are we doing this training?
We can’t ignore it!
OSHA BB Pathogen standard“The employer shall provide an annual training for all employees…”
OSHA 1910.1030
The more you know, the better you will perform in real situations!
DefinitionDefinition
“Bloodborne Pathogen"
means any pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans.
These pathogens include, but are not limited to HBV, HIV and HCV.
Common BB Pathogen DiseasesCommon BB Pathogen Diseases
Malaria
Brucellosis
Syphilis
Hepatitis B(HBV)
Hepatitis C(HCV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E: More Serious Than You Think
Hepatitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the liver.
Viral hepatitis refers to several common diseases caused by viruses that can lead to swelling and tenderness of the liver.
HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS A
Hepatitis A – is known as “Infectious Hepatitis”.
This disease is often associated with fecal contamination in water and is spread person-to-person through poor sanitary habits and the intake of uncooked food or unclean water.
It takes about 15-50 days to develop symptoms of hepatitis A after exposure.
Symptoms usually disappear even without treatment about two weeks later.
Symptoms resemble the flu.
Hepatitis B Hepatitis B
What is Hepatitis B?
Caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV)Is a disease that damages the liver, causing symptoms that range from mild or unapparent to severe or fatal.
Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis B (HBV)
Symptoms include:
jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting
HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood
Symptoms can occur 1-9 months after exposure
What occupational exposures put a worker at risk for HBV?What occupational exposures put a worker at risk for HBV?
Contact with blood or potentially infectious body fluids through:
1. Needle-stick
2. Mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth
3. Broken or non-intact skin
Hepatitis Can Not be spread:Hepatitis Can Not be spread:breast feeding sneezing hugging or kissing coughing sharing eating utensils or drinking glasses food or water casual contact
HBV can live in a dry environment for at least 7 days.
HEPATITIS C HEPATITIS C
Hepatitis C is considered to be a more serious threat to fire fighters, paramedics and EMT’s than hepatitis B virus.
According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC), hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States.
Hepatitis C (HCV) Hepatitis C (HCV)
Symptoms include: jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting
May lead to chronic liver disease and death
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS
HIV depletes the immune system
HIV does not survive well outside the body
There is no threat on contracting
HIV through casual contact
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
You cannot “catch” HIV: You cannot “catch” HIV:
through the air (like a cold or flu)
through casual, everyday contact
(sharing bathrooms, kitchens, etc.) through nonsexual social situations
through insects or mosquitoes
through urine, feces, nasal secretions, sputum, vomitus, saliva, sweat or tears from an infected person.
HIV cannot live in dry environment for more than a few hours.
Once the virus is dead – it’s dead. You cannot “reactivate” it by adding water.
MeningitisMeningitis
Bacterial MeningitisNeisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection
Viral Meningitis
Fungal Meningitis
Shingles Shingles “Shingles is a painful localized skin rash often with blisters that is caused by the varicella zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox.
Anyone who has had chickenpox can develop shingles because it remains in the body after the chickenpox infection clears
Shingles most commonly occurs in people 50 years old or older.”
CDC Posted Jan 2011
TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS
AIRBORNE PATHOGEN
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:
•COUGHING
•SUDDEN WEIGHT LOSS
•NIGHT SWEATS
TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS
Spread through the air by coughing, sneezing, laughs, or singing.
Alaska has a high rate of TB in its rural population.
Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms
High fever
Headache
Stiff neckOther Symptoms
Nausea
Vomiting
Discomfort looking into bright lights
Confusion
sleepiness
TETANUS TETANUS
A bacterial disease that affects the nervous system.
Caused by soil contaminated with manure.
Health & Human Services recommends being vaccinated.
VaccinationsVaccinations
VaccinationsVaccinations
Hepatitis A
Vaccine available
Strongly endorsed by medical communities.
Offered to all potentially exposed employees.
Provided at no cost to employees
Declination forms are available for those not wanting the immunization.
VaccinationsVaccinations
Hepatitis B (HBV)
There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C.
Vaccinations
Hepatitis C
There is no vaccine at the present time.
VaccinationsVaccinations
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
For Bacterial MeningitisMeningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) Ages 2 to 55 years of age
Menactra® (2005)
Menveo® (2010)
Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4) Older than 55 years of age
Menomune® (1981)
VaccinationsVaccinationsMeningitis
VaccinationVaccination
MMR (Measles, mumps & Rubella)
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Influenza
Viral Meningitis
VaccinationsVaccinations
Shingles
CDC recommends Zostavax for use in people 60 years old and older to prevent shingles. This is a one-time vaccination.
TetanusThe vaccine is Tetanus toxoid. It is usually given with Diphtheria, & Pertussis vaccine. (DTP)
Typically, a booster is given if a wound is dirty and the last Td booster was given more than 5 years previous to the injury.
Otherwise, recommendation for Tetanus Booster is every 10 years.
VaccinationsVaccinations
Your Exposure PotentialYour Exposure PotentialIndustrial exposure
Administering first aid
Post-accident cleanup
Handling of returned product
Janitorial or maintenance work
Handling of any waste products
P&I 200-2 “Infectious Disease Prevention & Control Program.
Standard PrecautionsStandard PrecautionsUse of proper PPE
Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they are contaminated
Proper cleanup and decontamination
Disposal of all contaminated material in the proper manner
Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
Anything that is used to protect a person from exposure
Operation Gloves Glasses Mask Impervious Gown
Any medical response Yes Yes Optional Optional
Uncontrolled bleeding Yes Yes Yes Yes
Controlled bleeding Yes Yes Optional Optional
Childbirth Yes Yes Yes Yes
Coughing, spitting patient Yes Yes Yes Optional
Nebulized Medications Yes Yes Yes Optional
Invasive airway procedures Yes Yes Yes Optional
Handling/cleaning possibly contaminated equipment
Yes Yes Optional Optional
Handling/cleaning obviously contaminated equipment
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Cleaning the patient compartment after a call – without obvious contamination
Yes Yes Optional Optional
Station Cleaning Yes Optional No No
Required PPE Table
Always check PPE for defects or tears before usingIf PPE becomes torn or defective remove and get newRemove PPE before leaving a contaminated area
Do not reuse disposable equipment
PPE Rules to RememberPPE Rules to Remember
Decontamination of PPEDecontamination of PPEPPE should be removed and disposed of in biohazard containers.
The cleaning of contaminated PPE and work uniforms shall not be done at home.
Non-disposable PPE shall be cleaned whenever necessary.
Regulated Medical WasteRegulated Medical WasteLiquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM)
Contaminated items that would release blood or OPIM when compressed
Contaminated sharps
Pathological and microbiological
waste containing blood
or OPIM
Signs & LabelsSigns & LabelsLabels must include the universal biohazard symbol, and the term “Biohazard” must be attached to:
containers of regulated biohazard waste
refrigerators or freezers containing blood or OPIM
containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or OPIM
Exposure IncidentExposure Incident
Report all exposures involving blood or bodily fluids to dispatch.
Dispatch will contact the on duty Safety Officer.
Do not seek treatment without contacting the Safety Officer.
Post-exposure EvaluationPost-exposure EvaluationConfidential medical evaluation
Document route of exposure
Identify source individual
Test source individuals blood (with individuals consent)
Provide results to exposed employee
RecordkeepingRecordkeepingMedical records include:
Vaccination status
Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up results
Training records include:
Training dates
Contents of the training
Name of trainer and trainee
Hand WashingHand Washing
Wash hands immediately after removing PPE
A hand sanitizer can be used but wash with soap and water as soon as possible thereafter
Hand washing is your best defense against exposure.
ProtectionProtection
The best defense is a great offense.Recognize and protect yourself
Keep up to date with recommended immunizations is the best defense.
Maintaining healthy habits, like getting plenty of rest, washing hands.
In ConclusionIn ConclusionBB pathogen rules
are in place for your health and safety
Failure to follow them is a risk that does not
need to be taken
Contact your Safety Officer.
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