body regions and cavities and terms of orientation ueq: how is the body organized? leq: how do we...

Body Regions and Cavities and Terms of Orientation

UEQ: How is the body organized?

LEQ: How do we classify the different regions of the body?

VOCAB: well.. Just follow along..

The 2 major Cavities: Dorsal and Ventral cavity

1. Dorsal cavity: • consists of 2 main cavities

(1.) Cranial cavity: within the skull. It houses the brain

(2.) Vertebral canal: contains the spinal chord

Ventral Cavityconsists of thoracic cavity, and adominopelvic cavity

Thoracic cavity:

o separated from the lower abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm (a thin muscles)

o includes the heart and lungs

Ventral CavityAbdominopelvic cavity: o Separated into 2 parts

(1.) abdominal cavity: • includes the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidney, and most of the small and large intestines. • Extends from the diaphragm to the top of the hip bones

(2.) pelvic cavity: includes the large intestine, urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs

enclosed by the hip bones

Name:_____________

Date:____________

Label each area correctly, hint all are cavities accept #5 which is a muscle that separates the two cavities

The Language of Anatomy

• To accurately describe body parts and position we have to have a reference point that is accepted universally. • This is helpful when the coroner finds a body and must describe

the body.

• Relative Position Terminology – Terms that describe the location of one body part with

respect to another.

Body Planes

• Body planes and sections can be used to describe either the entire body or any part of the body such as an organ.

• There are several ways to “cut” body…

Relative Position Terminology Terms that describe the location of one body part with respect to another.

Sagittal plane

A lengthwise cut that divides the body into the left and right portions.

Median (midline): when the sagittal plane pass along the midline and divides the body into equal parts

The red plane is median plane and the blue is a sagittal plane

Transverse plane

A transverse plane (Also known as

horizontal) is a cut that divides the

body into inferior and superior

portions

Coronal plane

A Coronal plane is a section that divides the body into anterior and

posterior portions

Anatomical Position

• Body erect

• Feet slightly apart

• Palms facing forward

• Thumbs point away from body

Figure 1.7a

Anterior and Posterior Positions

• Anterior –

–means towards the front

• Posterior –

–opposite view of anterior; means toward the back

Anterior and Posterior

view

Superior and Inferior ViewsSuperior –

–means the body part is above another part or is closer to the head.

Inferior –

–means the body part is below another part or is closer to the feet

Superior and Inferior

Views

Medial and Lateral Medial -

–relates to an imaginary midline dividing the body into equal left and right halves. Body part is medial if it is close to the midline. (Nose is medial to the eyes)

Lateral –

–means toward the side with respect to the imaginary midline (Ears are lateral to the eyes)

Medial and

Lateral Views

Superficial and Deep

Superficial –

–situated near the surface

Deep –

–parts that are more internal

Proximal and Distal Proximal –

– describes a body part that is closer to a point of attachment than another body part. (Elbow is proximal to the wrist) (The point of attachment is shoulder)

Distal –

– opposite of proximal; particular body part is farther from a point of attachment than another body part. (Fingers are distal to the wrist)

Proximal and Distal

Views

Regions

• Cephalic

• Genital

• Pettelar

• Sternal

• Pectoral

• Umbilical

• Coxal

• Crural

• Tarsal

• Pedal

• Vertebral

• Dorsum

• Gluteal

• Femoral

15. Brachial

16. Cubital

17. Popliteal

18. Plantar

12

3

4

5

5

6

78910

Front

Back

11

12

1213

13

14

1516

1718