building science 2 - project 2: integration with
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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN (SABD)BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) ARCHITECTURE
BUILDINGBUILDINGBUILDINGBUILDING SCIENCESCIENCESCIENCESCIENCE 2222 (ARC(ARC(ARC(ARC 3413)3413)3413)3413)
PROJECTPROJECTPROJECTPROJECT 2:2:2:2: INTEGRATIONINTEGRATIONINTEGRATIONINTEGRATIONWITHWITHWITHWITH DESIGNDESIGNDESIGNDESIGN STUDIOSTUDIOSTUDIOSTUDIO 5555(BRICKFIELDS(BRICKFIELDS(BRICKFIELDS(BRICKFIELDS COMMUNITYCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITY LIBRARY)LIBRARY)LIBRARY)LIBRARY)
FINAL REPORTAND CALCULATIONS
NAME:NAME:NAME:NAME: NGNGNGNGWEIWEIWEIWEI YINGYINGYINGYINGSTUDENTSTUDENTSTUDENTSTUDENT ID:ID:ID:ID: 0316366031636603163660316366TUTOR:TUTOR:TUTOR:TUTOR: MR.MR.MR.MR. SANJEHSANJEHSANJEHSANJEH
TABLETABLETABLETABLE OFOFOFOF CONTENTCONTENTCONTENTCONTENT
CONTENTCONTENTCONTENTCONTENT PAGEPAGEPAGEPAGE
1.01.01.01.0 LIGHTINGLIGHTINGLIGHTINGLIGHTING
1.1 Daylighting 1 - 21.2 Artificial Lighting 3 - 81.3 PSALI 9 - 12
2.02.02.02.0 ACOUSTICACOUSTICACOUSTICACOUSTIC
2.1 Sound Pressure Level (SPL) 13 - 162.2 Reverberation Time (RT) 17 - 202.3 Sound Reduction Index (SRI) 21 - 24
REFERENCEREFERENCEREFERENCEREFERENCE 25
1
1.1.1.1. LIGHTINGLIGHTINGLIGHTINGLIGHTING
1.11.11.11.1 DaylightingDaylightingDaylightingDaylighting
Space:Space:Space:Space: InternalInternalInternalInternal CourtyardCourtyardCourtyardCourtyard
AccordingAccordingAccordingAccording totototo MS1525,MS1525,MS1525,MS1525, DaylightDaylightDaylightDaylight FactorFactorFactorFactor distributiondistributiondistributiondistribution asasasas belowbelowbelowbelow
Daylight Factor (%) Distribution
>6 Very bright with thermal and glareproblem
3 - 6 Bright
1 - 3 Average
0 - 1 Dark
The selected Internal Courtyard is located at first floor, placed directly underneath askylight on the roof. Thus, exposing the courtyard to full coverage of sunlight duringthe daytime.
Daylight factor (DF) Calculation
Formula: DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100%
Floor Area (m 2 ) 71.72
Area of facade exposed to sunlight (m 2 ) 37.35
Area exposed to Skylight (m 2 ) 71.72
2
Daylight Factor (%) [(37.35 + 71.72) ÷ 71.72] x 100%
= 152.07 x 0.1
= 15.2 %
The selected internal courtyard has a daylight factor of 15.2%. Based on therequirements of MS1525, this reading space is too bright and has even distribution ofnatural daylighting as it exceeds the 6% factor. To reduce the thermal and glareproblem, double facade system is proposed for the facade design of the library. Thedouble skin starts from the first floor and ends at the third floor of the building, withfixed panels and automatic adjustable louvers on its second skin, it is able to reducethe amount of sunlight from penetrating into the space. The inner facade glazinguses low-e laminated glass. The courtyard is also placed at the first floor of thebuilding, with 15m of height away from the skylight. Trees are also planted in thecourtyard to provide shading and reading spaces for the visitors.
3
1.21.21.21.2 ArtificialArtificialArtificialArtificial LightingLightingLightingLighting
Space:Space:Space:Space: MultipurposeMultipurposeMultipurposeMultipurpose HallHallHallHall
The selected multipurpose hall is located at the third floor. Sufficient and evendistribution of lighting is needed to create a warm ambiance and to light up the hallfor various exhibition activities.
AccordingAccordingAccordingAccording totototo MS1525,MS1525,MS1525,MS1525, thethethethe minimumminimumminimumminimum lightinglightinglightinglighting levellevellevellevel requiredrequiredrequiredrequired forforforfor aaaa multipurposemultipurposemultipurposemultipurposehallhallhallhall isisisis 300300300300 luxluxluxlux.
TypeTypeTypeType ofofofof LuminaireLuminaireLuminaireLuminaire usedusedusedused
Type of fixture Circular LED Downlight
Product brand & code The Asteriod Dimmable LED Downlight
Luminous Flux (lm) 3000
Color Rendering Index (CRI) 90
4
Color Temperature (K) 3200k warm white
Wattage (per head) 18 Watt
Voltage 240 V
Features This fitting uses 3200k warm white LEDs for a smoothwarm light output and is complemented by the frostedglass front that softens the light output.
LumenLumenLumenLumen MethodMethodMethodMethod CalculationCalculationCalculationCalculation
Dimension of room Length (L) = 8m
Width (W) = 12.1m
Height of the ceiling = 4.4m
Total floor Area / A 96.8 2m
Height of luminaire (m) 4.4
Work level (m) 0.8
Mounting Height / H (hm) 3.6
Lumen of lighting fixtures/ F (lux)
3000
Standard illuminationrequired according toMS1525
300
Reflectance Value Ceiling: 0.7 Wall: 0.5 Floor: 0.2
Room Index / RI (K)
K = [mhML
LxM)( +
]
K =)6.3)(1.120.8(
1.120.8+x
=63.728.96
= 1.34
Utilization Factor / UF 0.51
Maintenance factor / MF 0.8
Lumen Calculation
N = [FxUFxMF
ExA ]
N =)8.0)(51.0)(3000(
)8.96)(300(
= 24 bulbs
Spacing to height ratio(SHR) SHR =
6.31 x
246.98
5
SHR =Hm1 x
NA = 0.563
SHR =6.3S = 0.563
S = 2.027
Fittings Layout Fittings required along 8m wall
= 8 ÷ 2.027 = 3.9
= 4 rows
Fittings required along 12.1m wall
= 12.1 ÷ 2.027 = 5.9
= 6 rows
There are 24 light fittings to illuminate the Multipurpose hall to achieve minimumreading of 300 lux that is required by the MS1525.
6
Space:Space:Space:Space: ICTICTICTICT RoomRoomRoomRoom
The selected ICT Room is located at first floor. Online databases and variouscomputer and technological facilities are provided to the community.
AccordingAccordingAccordingAccording totototo MS1525,MS1525,MS1525,MS1525, thethethethe minimumminimumminimumminimum lightinglightinglightinglighting levellevellevellevel requiredrequiredrequiredrequired forforforfor aaaa computercomputercomputercomputerroomroomroomroom isisisis 500500500500 lux.lux.lux.lux.
TypeTypeTypeType ofofofof LuminaireLuminaireLuminaireLuminaire usedusedusedused
Type of fixture Florescent Batten Light
Product brand & code Philips
Luminous Flux (lm) 3800
Color Rendering Index (CRI) 85
Color Temperature (K) 3000
Wattage (per head) 40 Watt
Voltage 230 V
7
Features Wide beam light distribution with frostedcovering diffuser to ensures visualcomfort
LumenLumenLumenLumen MethodMethodMethodMethod CalculationCalculationCalculationCalculation
Dimension of room Length (L) = 8m
Width (W) = 7.68m
Height of the ceiling = 4.4m
Total floor Area / A 61.44 2m
Height of luminaire (m) 4.4
Work level (m) 1.2
Mounting Height / H (hm) 3.2
Lumen of lighting fixtures/ F (lux)
3800
Standard illuminationrequired according toMS1525
500
Reflectance Value Ceiling: 0.7 Wall: 0.5 Floor: 0.2
Room Index / RI (K)
K = [mhML
LxM)( +
]
K =)2.3)(6.78(
6.78+x
=92.498.60
= 1.22
Utilization Factor / UF 0.54
Maintenance factor / MF 0.8
Lumen Calculation
N = [FxUFxMF
ExA ]
N =)8.0)(54.0)(3800(
)44.61)(500(
= 18.71
= 19 bulbs
Spacing to height ratio(SHR) SHR =
2.31 x
1944.61
= 0.562
8
SHR =Hm1 x
NA SHR =
2.3S = 0.562
S = 1.8
Fittings Layout Fittings required along 8m wall
= 8 ÷ 1.8 = 4.44
= 5 rows
Fittings required along 7.68m wall
= 7.68 ÷ 1.8 = 4.27
= 4.27
= 4 rows
There are 20 light fittings in the ICT room to achieve uniform lighting and also therequired 500 lux of a computer room. Minimum of 19 lightings are calculated and the20th light is added to create uniform lighting of the space.
9
1.31.31.31.3 PSALIPSALIPSALIPSALI ---- PermanentPermanentPermanentPermanent SupplementarySupplementarySupplementarySupplementary ArtificialArtificialArtificialArtificial LightingLightingLightingLighting ofofofof InteriorsInteriorsInteriorsInteriors
Space:Space:Space:Space: QuietQuietQuietQuiet ReadingReadingReadingReading AreaAreaAreaArea
The selected space is located at the top most floor, third floor of the library. Thespace has a front facade that is exposed to daylight as well as huge skylightscovering the both sides of the space, bringing diffused daylight into the space. Thereading area required artificial lighting in the middle of the space to achieve uniformlighting.
AccordingAccordingAccordingAccording totototo MS1525,MS1525,MS1525,MS1525, thethethethe minimumminimumminimumminimum lightinglightinglightinglighting levellevellevellevel requiredrequiredrequiredrequired forforforfor aaaa readingreadingreadingreading roomroomroomroomisisisis 300300300300 lux.lux.lux.lux.
TypeTypeTypeType ofofofof LuminaireLuminaireLuminaireLuminaire usedusedusedused
Type of fixture Surface Mounted LED Light in Batten
\
10
Product brand & code Philips LED 52
Luminous Flux (lm) 4250
Color Rendering Index (CRI) 80
Color Temperature (K) 4000
Wattage (per head) 47 Watt
Voltage 230 V
Features Surface mounted with built in reflecters
LumenLumenLumenLumen MethodMethodMethodMethod CalculationCalculationCalculationCalculation
Dimension of room Length (L) = 10.74m
Width (W) = 14.1m
Height of the ceiling = 4.4m
Total floor Area / A 151.43 2m
Height of luminaire (m) 4.4
Work level (m) 1.2
Mounting Height / H (hm) 3.2
Lumen of lighting fixtures/ F (lux)
4250
Standard illuminationrequired according toMS1525
300
Reflectance Value Ceiling: 0.7 Wall: 0.5 Floor: 0.2
Room Index / RI (K)
K = [mhML
LxM)( +
]
K =)2.3)(1.1474.10(
)1.14)(74.10(+
=49.7943.151
= 1.91
Utilization Factor / UF 0.51
Maintenance factor / MF 0.8
Lumen Calculation N =)8.0)(51.0)(4250(
)43.151)(300(
11
N = [FxUFxMF
ExA ] = 26.2
= 26 bulbs
Spacing to height ratio(SHR)
SHR =Hm1 x
NA
SHR =2.31 x
2643.151
= 0.754
SHR =2.3S = 0.754
S = 2.413
Fittings Layout Fittings required along 10.74m wall
= 10.74 ÷ 2.413
= 4.45
= 5 rows
Fittings required along 14.1m wall
= 14.1 ÷ 2.413
= 5.84
= 6 rows
There are 30 light fittings at the reading space of the library. There are controlled by5 switches, SW5, SW4 and SW1 can be turned off during the day due to sufficient
12
daylighting from the facade and the skylights above. SW2 and SW3 have to beturned on during the day to achieve the 300 lux requirement of MS1525 and alsouniform lighting of the space.
13
2.2.2.2. ACOUSTICACOUSTICACOUSTICACOUSTIC
2.12.12.12.1 SoundSoundSoundSound PressurePressurePressurePressure Level,Level,Level,Level, SPLSPLSPLSPL
Space:Space:Space:Space: LibraryLibraryLibraryLibrary LobbyLobbyLobbyLobby
PeakPeakPeakPeak HourHourHourHour (((( JalanJalanJalanJalan TunTunTunTun AbdulAbdulAbdulAbdul Samad)Samad)Samad)Samad)
HighestHighestHighestHighest Reading:Reading:Reading:Reading: 85858585 dBdBdBdB
LowestLowestLowestLowest Reading:Reading:Reading:Reading: 70dB70dB70dB70dB
Where = sound power (intensity) (Watts)
= reference power (1 x Watts)
HighestHighestHighestHighest Reading:Reading:Reading:Reading:
85 = 10log10 ( 1I / 0I )
Antilog 8.5 = [ 1I / (1.0 x1210− )]
1 x 5.810 = [ 1I / (1.0 x1210− )]
1I = 3.16 x 410−
LowestLowestLowestLowest Reading:Reading:Reading:Reading:
70 = 10log10 ( 1I / 0I )
Antilog 70 = [ 1I / (1.0 x1210− )]
1 x 710 = [ 1I / (1.0 x1210− )]
1I = 1.0 x 510−
14
TotalTotalTotalTotal intensities:intensities:intensities:intensities:
Total intensities, I
=(3.16 x 410− ) +(1.0 x 510− )
= 3.26 x 410−
CombinedCombinedCombinedCombined SPL:SPL:SPL:SPL:
10log10 ( 1I / 0I )
= 10 10log (3.26 x 410− / 0I )
= 10 10log (3.26 x 410− / 1.0 x 1210− )
= 85dB
The sound pressure for lobby is 52dB. The combine SPL reading of 85dB of JalanAbdul Samad is too high for lobby space.
The design solution proposed to address to this issue to create buffering publicspaces facing the front of Jalan Abdul Samad, such as cafe and bookstore.Moreover, the facade of the ground floor lobby space is flanked with thick concretewall without openings, except for the entrance door to block out the external noisefrom entering the lobby.
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Space:Space:Space:Space: CafeCafeCafeCafe
NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise source:source:source:source:MorningMorningMorningMorning marketmarketmarketmarket rrrreading:eading:eading:eading: 88880000 dBdBdBdB
NormalNormalNormalNormal conversationconversationconversationconversation andandandand dining:dining:dining:dining: 60dB60dB60dB60dB
Where = sound power (intensity) (Watts)
= reference power (1 x Watts)
HighestHighestHighestHighest Reading:Reading:Reading:Reading:
80 = 10log10 ( 1I / 0I )
Antilog 8 = [ 1I / (1.0 x1210− )]
1 x 810 = [ 1I / (1.0 x1210− )]
1I = 1.0 x 410−
LowestLowestLowestLowest Reading:Reading:Reading:Reading:
60 = 10log10 ( 1I / 0I )
Antilog 60 = [ 1I / (1.0 x1210− )]
1 x 610 = [ 1I / (1.0 x1210− )]
1I = 1.0 x 610−
16
TotalTotalTotalTotal intensities:intensities:intensities:intensities:
Total intensities, I
=(1.0 x 410− ) +(1.0 x 610− )
= 1.1 x 410−
CombinedCombinedCombinedCombined SPL:SPL:SPL:SPL:
10log10 ( 1I / 0I )
= 10 10log (1.1 x 410− / 0I )
= 10 10log (1.1 x 410− / 1.0 x 1210− )
= 80dB
The sound pressure for cafe is within 50 to 68dB. The combine SPL reading of 80dBis too high for cafe space.
The design solution proposed to address to this issue to create an outdoor cafesitting area that acts as the buffering zone between the morning market and indoorcafe. The outdoor sitting area is also planted with tree that absorb the noise comingfrom the market.
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2.22.22.22.2 ReverberationReverberationReverberationReverberation TimeTimeTimeTime (RT)(RT)(RT)(RT)
Space:Space:Space:Space: MultipurposeMultipurposeMultipurposeMultipurpose HallHallHallHall
Total floor area ( 2m ) 97
Volume ( 3m ) 485
Occupancy (pax) 80
MaterialMaterialMaterialMaterial AbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorption CoefficientCoefficientCoefficientCoefficient atatatat 2000Hz2000Hz2000Hz2000Hz
BuildingElements
Materials Area ( 2m ) AbsorptionCoefficient(2000Hz)
Area xAbsorptionCoefficient
Wall Glazing 40.00 0.02 0.8
Brick infill, plastered 161.10 0.02 3.22
Floor Concrete Slab 97.00 0.01 0.97
Timber floor finish 97.00 0.06 5.82
Ceiling Plasterboard 97.00 0.04 3.88
Occupants 80.00 0.51 40.8
Total Absorption, A = 55.49
18
RT
= 0.16 V/A
= 0.16 (485 / 55.49)
=1.39s
The reverberation time for Multipurpose Hall in 2000 Hz of absorption coefficient is1.39s. According to the standard of reverberation time, the standard comfort ofgeneral use hall is within the range the range of 1 to 1.8s. Hence, the reverberationtime of multipurpose hall is within the range of comfort reverberation time.
19
Space:Space:Space:Space: CafeCafeCafeCafe
Total floor area ( 2m ) 58.18
Volume ( 3m ) 290.88
Occupancy (pax) 32
MaterialMaterialMaterialMaterial AbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorption CoefficientCoefficientCoefficientCoefficient atatatat 2000Hz2000Hz2000Hz2000Hz
BuildingElements
Materials Area ( 2m ) AbsorptionCoefficient(2000Hz)
Area xAbsorptionCoefficient
Wall Glazing 76.8 0.02 1.54
Concrete wall,plastered
78 0.01 0.78
Floor Concrete Slab 58.18 0.01 0.58
Timber floor finish 58.18 0.06 3.49
Ceiling Plasterboard 58.18 0.04 2.33
Occupants 32 0.51 16.32
Furniture(unit)
Timber 30 0.06 1.8
Total Absorption, A = 26.84
20
RT
= 0.16 V/A
= 0.16 (290.88 / 26.84)
= 1.73s
The reverberation time for Cafe in 2000Hz of absorption coefficient is 1.73s.According to the standard of reverberation time, the standard comfort of general usehall is within the range the range of 1 to 1.3s. Hence, the reverberation time of cafeis not within the standard range of comfort reverberation time.
The proposed solution for reducing the RT of the cafe is to apply acoustic ceiling tiles.
MaterialMaterialMaterialMaterial absorptionabsorptionabsorptionabsorption coefficientcoefficientcoefficientcoefficient atatatat 2000Hz2000Hz2000Hz2000Hz withwithwithwith acousticacousticacousticacoustic ceilingceilingceilingceiling tiles.tiles.tiles.tiles.
BuildingElements
Materials Area ( 2m ) AbsorptionCoefficient(2000Hz)
Area xAbsorptionCoefficient
Wall Glazing 76.8 0.02 1.54
Concrete wall,plastered
78 0.01 0.78
Floor Concrete Slab 58.18 0.01 0.58
Timber floor finish 58.18 0.06 3.49
Ceiling Acoustic tiles 29.09 0.88 25.6
Plasterboard 29.09 0.04 1.16
Occupants 32 0.51 16.32
Furniture(unit)
Timber 30 0.06 1.8
Total Absorption, A = 51.27
RT
= 0.16 V/A
= 0.16 (290.88 / 51.27)
= 1s
The reverberation time for cafe in 2000Hz of absorption coefficient has reduced to 1s,which is within the standard range of 1 to 1.3s. Hence, the reverberation time of cafeis within the standard comfort reverberation time.
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2.32.32.32.3 SoundSoundSoundSound TransmissionTransmissionTransmissionTransmission LossLossLossLoss
Space:Space:Space:Space: LobbyLobbyLobbyLobby andandandand JalanJalanJalanJalan SultanSultanSultanSultan AbdulAbdulAbdulAbdul SamadSamadSamadSamad
TheTheTheThe soundsoundsoundsound pressurepressurepressurepressure levellevellevellevel ofofofof lobbylobbylobbylobby spacespacespacespace isisisis 52dB52dB52dB52dB accordingaccordingaccordingaccording totototo thethethethe AmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanNationalNationalNationalNational StandardStandardStandardStandard InstituteInstituteInstituteInstitute (ANSI).(ANSI).(ANSI).(ANSI).
Components
Material Area ( 2m ) SoundReductionIndex (SRI)
TransmissionCoefficient
Area x Tcn
Wall Concrete 115 46dB 3.98 x 510− 4.6 x 310−
Door TemperedGlass
19.5 35dB 3.16 x 410− 6.2 x 310−
ConcreteConcreteConcreteConcrete WallWallWallWall
Using SRI = 10 10log 1/T
46 = 10 10log 1/T
1/T = (10^4.6)
T = 1/ (10^4.6)
= 2.5 x 510−
TemperedTemperedTemperedTempered GlassGlassGlassGlass
Using SRI = 10 10log 1/T
35 = 10 10log 1/T
1/T = (10^3.5)
T = 1/ (10^3.5)
= 3.16 X 410−
22
T av = [(115 x 2.5 x510− ) + (19.5 x 3.16 X 410− )/ 134.5]
= (0.002875 + 0.006162) / 134.5
= 6.72 x 10 5−
Overall SRI = 10 10log 1/T
= 10 10log 1/ (6.72 x 10 5− )
= 42 dB
85dB - 42dB = 43dB
The overall transmission loss from Jalan Sultan Abdul Samad to the lobby is 43dB.The calculated sound pressure level at Jalan Sultan Abdul Samad is 85dB, thesound that is transmitted through the concrete wall into the lobby is 43dB. Accordingto the Noise criteria environment perception, 43dB is at the category of a normalspeech conversation noise. Furthermore, it is lower than the standard SPL of lobbyspace according to MS1525 which is 52dB. Therefore, it is an ideal value for lobbyspace as external noise does not penetrate into the library spaces and disrupt theactivities within the lobby.
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Space:Space:Space:Space: KitchenKitchenKitchenKitchen andandandand CafeCafeCafeCafe
TheTheTheThe soundsoundsoundsound pressurepressurepressurepressure levellevellevellevel ofofofof cafecafecafecafe isisisis 59dB59dB59dB59dB accordingaccordingaccordingaccording totototo thethethethe AmericanAmericanAmericanAmerican NationalNationalNationalNationalStandardStandardStandardStandard InstituteInstituteInstituteInstitute (ANSI).(ANSI).(ANSI).(ANSI).
Components
Material Area ( 2m ) SoundReductionIndex (SRI)
TransmissionCoefficient
Area x Tcn
Wall Concrete 18.7 46dB 3.98 x 510− 7.44 x 10 4−
Door Timber 4.5 22dB 6.31x 10 3− 2.84 x 10 4−
ConcreteConcreteConcreteConcrete WallWallWallWall
Using SRI = 10 10log 1/T
46 = 10 10log 1/T
1/T = (10^4.6)
T = 1/ (10^4.6)
= 2.5 x 510−
TimberTimberTimberTimber DoorDoorDoorDoor
Using SRI = 10 10log 1/T
22 = 10 10log 1/T
24
1/T = (10^2.2)
T = 1/ (10^2.2)
= 6.3 x 10 3−
T av = [(18.7 x 2.5 x510− ) + (4.5 x 6.3 x 10 3− )/ 23.2]
= (0.0004675 + 0.02845) / 23.2
= 1.24 x 103−
Overall SRI = 10 10log 1/T
= 10 10log 1/ (1.24 x 103−
)
= 29dB
80dB - 29dB = 51dB
The overall transmission loss from Kitchen to the Cafe is 51dB. The estimated soundpressure level in the kitchen is 80dB, the sound that is transmitted through theconcrete wall into the cafe is 51dB. It is lower than the standard SPL of cafeaccording to MS1525 which is 59dB. Therefore, it is an ideal value for cafe space asthe activities noise coming from the kitchen is prevented from penetrating the cafespace and people are able to dine and carry on conservations over their mealwithout unpleasant noise from disrupting their chatter.
25
ReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
Absorption coefficient building material finishes RT60 alpha coefficient acoustic
absorption floor seating wall ceiling miscellaneous materials - sengpielaudio
Sengpiel Berlin. (n.d.). Retrieved November 26, 2015, from
http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-RT60Coeff.htm
ACE Lamps Lighting - Asteroid Dimmable Warm White 3200k 18Watts LED
Downlight. (n.d.). Retrieved December 6, 2015, from http://www.led-
downlights.co.uk/shop/asteroid-dimmable-warm-white-3200k-18-watt-led-downlight/
Ir Izdihar, A. (n.d.). UBBL 2012 Amendments on EE Bylaw 38A and MS1525: 2014.
Retrieved December 6, 2015, from
http://www.eria.org/events/6.%20UBBL%202012%20Amendments%20on%20EE%2
0and%20MS1525%20-%20Ir%20Ahmad%20Izdihar.pdf
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