by dr. somchai baimoung director of weather forecast bureau thai meteorological department (tmd)...
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ByDr. Somchai Baimoung
Director of Weather Forecast BureauThai Meteorological Department (TMD)
Asian Monsoon Year 2008 (AMY08) WorkshopSeptember 3rd-4th 2007, Ramada Bintang Bali Resort,
Bali, Indonesia
The National Natural Disasters Warning Plan of Thailand
Seismic Network
in Thailand
Router
Router
TMD Bangkok
Provinces
Diagram of Data transfer from a Seismic Station to TMDDiagram of Data transfer from a Seismic Station to TMD
INTERNET
USER
IP ADDRESS
How the users can get the data (www.tmdseismology.com)How the users can get the data (www.tmdseismology.com)
Picture of Real Time Monitoring at Seismological Bureau
Real time monitoring Analysis software
Seismological Bureau, Bangkok
Phase IPhase I 15 Digital Seismic Stations 15 Digital Seismic Stations
(2005-2006)(2005-2006)
8 Short Period Seismometers
7 Broadband Seismometers
15 Accelerometers
15 Data Acquisition
Software
Telecommunication
Instruments/Instruments/SystemsSystems
Phase IIPhase II 25 Digital Seismic Stations (2006-2008) 25 Digital Seismic Stations (2006-2008)
Instruments/SystemsInstruments/Systems15 Short Period Seismometers
10 Broadband Seismometers
25 Accelerometers
Borehole Seismometer(s)
Borehole Accelerometer(s)
20 Strong Motion Accelerometers
Data Acquisition
Software
Telecommunication
Locations of Instruments ( Phase I & Locations of Instruments ( Phase I & Phase II)Phase II)
PHASE I
PHASE II
SEISMIC STATION 15
STRONG MOTION 6
SEISMIC STATION 25
STRONG MOTION 20
GPS STATION 4
TIDE GAUGE STATION 9
BOREHOLE STATION 2
Capability for Earthquake Monitoring
It had taken, at least, 20 minutes to identify the
location of epicenter and size of magnitude
when using the old network.
Using the new network (2005-2008), less than
5-10 minutes is expected to complete
preliminary determination of an earthquake.
T i d a l
G a u g e
N e t w o r k
i n
T h a i l a n d
Old stations that will be upgraded
New stations that will be installed
Locations of Existing Tidal Gauge StationsLocations of Existing Tidal Gauge Stations
List of 9 TMD’s Future Tidal Gauge StationsList of 9 TMD’s Future Tidal Gauge Stations
Name Lat (N) Long (E) Prachuap Khiri Khan 11.206 99.582
Trat 11.652 102.908
Phuket 07.490 98.321
Phangnga 2 08.572 97.639
Songkhla 2 06.873 100.959
Songkhla 1 07.678 100.395
Surat Thani 09.538 99.932
Phangnga 1 09.473 97.905
Satun 06.500 99.013
in Thailand
Dart Buoy
Deployment
Dart Buoy
Deployment
Dart Buoy
Deployment
Co-operation of USA (NOAA) + Thailand (NDWC)
Responsible & Care for the people of the Indian Ocean rim
The 1st Deployment of DART Buoy in the Indian Ocean
• to increase capability on the tsunami warning system of this region
• conducted during December 1-5, 2006
• At 9 N, 89 E
• The launching ceremony was performed on December 1, 2006.
• by – H.E.Nitya Pibulsonggram,
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Thailand,
– H.E. Ralph L. Boyce, U.S. Embassy of Thailand.
Deploy at 9 N 89 E in Late 2006
Deploy at 0 N 90 E in Early 2007
A
B
CSite Plan of Buoy Locations
x
x
Locations of Buoy Stations
Warning Towers for Multi-hazard Warnings
in Thailand
Warning Towers
Phase 1 (completed) :
76 towers installed in southern Thailand, west coast
Phase 2 (completed) :
48 towers installed in southern Thailand, east coast
Phase 3 :
144 towers will be installed in central, northern, & northeastern Thailand.
Aim : A complete network of 268 warning towers in 76 provinces of Thailand to transfer alarm signals for natural disaster warnings through a satellite orbit
Proposed Thailand’s Integrated Early Warning System for beaches, hotels, schools, buildings, boats, & cars etc.
National Disaster Warning Center
Thailand Thailand Tsunami Tsunami WarningWarningBangkok Bangkok
Disaster Control Disaster Control CenterCenter
INMARSAT
SchoolsSchools HotelsHotels Ships & BoatsShips & Boats
Diagram of Tsunami Early Diagram of Tsunami Early WarningWarning
Seismic Stations
Digital
TMD
Analysis and Verify Tsunami (Magnitude, Epicenter, Depth)
Natural Disaster Warning Center
Remote sites (Siren towers) Governmental Agencies
ASEAN, USA,
India etc.
Tidal Gauges
Website (Internet)
DARTS or Bouys in Andaman sea
JMA
Announce
Mass Media
Public
Data Exchange
By GTS
Felt Earth
quake
in ThailandPTWC
Phone Line,Email
By GTS
VSAT
Live global network websites
VSAT
Over threshold or
Abnormal Sign
Tsunami Warning Criteria
Magnitude Depth of Hypocenter
less than 100 km. more than 100 km.
5.0 - 6.4Low possibility to generate Tsunami
Advisory
Low possibility to generate Tsunami
Advisory
6.5 - 6.9Possibility to generate
TsunamiAlert / Watching
Low possibility to generate Tsunami
Advisory
7.0 - 7.7High possibility to generate TsunamiAlert / Watching
Possibility to generate Tsunami
Alert / Watching
> 7.8 Very high possibility to
generate TsunamiWarning
High possibility to generate TsunamiAlert / Watching
Source : National Disaster Warning Center
Weather
RADAR
Network
in
Thailand
Weather RADAR Network
So far, TMD has got 23 weather RADAR stations located in :
21 districts & provinces : Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Phitsanulok, Sakhon Nakhon, Khon Kaen, Ubon Ratchathani, Surin, Khao Khiew, Rayong, Bang Na, Hua Hin, Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Trang, Sathingphra, Hat Yai, Narathiwas
2 int’l airports in BKK : Don Muang Airport Suwannabhummi Airport
TMD has got 2 portable RADARs & a mobile RADAR too.
Khao Khiew (Nakhon Nayok)
Chiang MaiChiang Rai
Mae Hong Son
Khon Kaen
Surin
Hua Hin
Surat Thani
Don Muang Airport (BKK)Suwannabhummi Airport (BKK)
Sakhon Nakhon
Rayong
Chumphon
Phuket
Phitsanulok
Ubon Ratchathani
Sathingphra (Songkhla)Hat Yai (Songkhla)
Krabi
Ranong
TMD (Bang Na, BKK)
NarathiwasTrang RADAR before 2006
RADAR since 2006
Phetchaboon
(2007)
Weather RADAR Network
>> 18 out of 23 weather RADAR stations are included in TMD’s RADAR network.
>> The RADAR at each station is either C-band or S-band, of which working radius is 240 km.
>> 5 out of 23 weather RADARs stations are x-band RADARs which are manually operated for aviation purpose.
Weather RADAR Network
18 weather RADAR stations included in TMD’s RADAR network are located in :
16 districts & provinces : Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok, Sakhon Nakhon, Khon Kaen, Ubon Ratchathani, Surin, Rayong, Hua Hin, Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Sathingphra, Hat Yai, Narathiwas, Khao Khiew
2 int’l airports in BKK : Don Muang Airport Suwannabhummi Airport
Khao Khiew (Nakhon Nayok)
Chiang MaiChiang Rai
Mae Hong Son
Khon Kaen
Surin
Hua Hin
Surat Thani
Don Muang Airport (BKK)Suwannabhummi Airport (BKK)
Sakhon Nakhon
Rayong
Chumphon
Phuket
Phitsanulok
Ubon Ratchathani
Sathingphra (Songkhla)
Hat Yai (Songkhla)Krabi
Ranong
TMD (Bang Na, BKK)
NarathiwasTrang C-band RADAR
S-band RADAR
X-band RADAR
Telemetering System
in Thailand
Telemetering System in Thailand
Establishment = since 1999
Purpose = flood forecasting and warning
Coverage = 12 basins out of 25 basins nationwide
Component = 161 observing stations
= 125 rainfall stations
+ 36 hydrometeorological stations
Data transfer = Each station TMD’s Headquarters (BKK) every 15 min
= Mostly by GPRS
= Some by leased line, satellite & radio system
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Pasak Basin
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Rainfall Stations (125)
Water level Station (36)
Rainfall & Water level Stations (161)
Kok Basin
Yom Basin
Nan Basin
Chi Basin
Mun Basin
Prachin Basin
Petburi Basin
Prachuab Basin
Tapi Basin
Songkhla Basin
Thachin Basin
TMD’s Telemetering Stations
TMD has been approved some other budget in the 2007 fiscal year for implementing the following projects :
Telemetering-related Project in 2007 - 2008
+ 2007 : Replacing voluntary rainfall stations in northern Thailand with telemetering stations (110 stations are designed for flood monitoring and warning covering critical flood risk areas.)
+ 2008 : Replacing volunteer rainfall stations over Thailand with telemetering stations (820 stations are currently designed to cover the whole country.)
Future plan for improving Future plan for improving The NWP activity in Thailand (2008-2010)The NWP activity in Thailand (2008-2010)
Hardware: Very High Performance ComputerHardware: Very High Performance Computer
Models and data assimilation:
-Forecast models (Non-hydrostatic and Hydrostatic)Forecast models (Non-hydrostatic and Hydrostatic)-Global Model: resolution 30-Global Model: resolution 30 km or betterkm or better
-Southeast Asia Model: resolution 10 km or better-Southeast Asia Model: resolution 10 km or better
-Thailand Model: resolution 3 km or better-Thailand Model: resolution 3 km or better
-Local Model: resolution 1 km or better-Local Model: resolution 1 km or better
-Climate Model: resolution 50 km or better with at least 8 Ensemble-Climate Model: resolution 50 km or better with at least 8 Ensemble ss
used for long range weather forecastused for long range weather forecast
-Climate Model: resolution 100 km or better with at least 8 Ensembles -Climate Model: resolution 100 km or better with at least 8 Ensembles used for climate change prediction used for climate change prediction
-Data assimilationData assimilation-4 dimensional variation assimilation (4D-Var) -4 dimensional variation assimilation (4D-Var)
THANK YOU
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