call for freedom. understanding aid coordination in haiti: a new perspective for a new response

Call For Freedom-NEW(Haitian Art)

Acrylic on Canvas 36X48By Patrice Piard

(For The Glory of Haitian Art)

CALL

FOR

FREEDOM

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Understanding Aid Coordination in Haiti: a new perspective

for

a new responseTUTORS

Alexander Vollebregt_ ResearchRobert Nottrot_ Architecture

Arjan van Timmeren_ Building Tech

| P5_ Graduation presentation| 06112013

Federica Garofalo

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Presentation structure

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1. Introduction

2. Research: theoretical background

3. Research findings

4. Design principles

5. Design

6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com

1. Introduction

2. Research: theoretical background

3. Research findings

4. Design principles

5. Design

6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com

1. Introduction

2. Research: theoretical background

3. Research findings

4. Design principles

5. Design

6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com

1. Introduction

2. Research: theoretical background

3. Research findings

4. Design principles

5. Design

6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com

1. Introduction

2. Research: theoretical background

3. Research findings

4. Design principles

5. Design

6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com

1. Introduction

2. Research: theoretical background

3. Research findings

4. Design principles

5. Design

6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com

1. Introduction

2. Research: theoretical background

3. Research findings

4. Design principles

5. Design

6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com

1. introduction:challenges

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before we start talking...

understand the context

...video

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WARNING! THE CONTENT OF THIS VIDEO MIGHT BE DISTURBING

VIEWER DISCRETION IS ADVISED

ATTEZIONE! IL CONTENUTO DI QUESTO VIDEO PU0’ ESSERE SCIOC-

CANTE: LA VISIONE è A DISCREZIONE DEL PUBBLICOwww.neeviaPDF.com

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“ ... ”

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I have my reasons for being here...

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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design

2. Connect real problems to formal choices

3. Use of alternative materials

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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design• Understand a complex reality with massive contrasts• Simple project, big impact

2. Connect real problems to formal choices

3. Use of alternative materials

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1. Big disaster = big challenges in research & design

2. Connect real problems to formal choices • Traducing problems into coherent architectural forms

3. Use of alternative materials

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1. Big disaster = big challenges in research & design

2. Connect real problems to formal choices

3. Use of alternative materials• Integration in the cultural identity of Haiti

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2. theoretical background

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research design

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2 fundamental questions

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1. why aid coordination?

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2. why in haiti?

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Port au Prince www.neeviaPDF.com

FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI

1. Poverty and illiteracy

2. Tropical climate

3. Country of voodoo

4. Rich artistic culture

Ayiti “Land of Mountains”

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May 1 2011: Rosa St. Fleur, 45, stands with her children outside the metal shack they shared within the garbage-filled slum of Cité Soleil, Haiti.

Picture by Ben Rusnak

FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI

1. Poverty and illiteracy

2. Tropical climate

3. Country of voodoo

4. Rich artistic culturewww.neeviaPDF.com

FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI

1. Poverty and illiteracy

2. Tropical climate

3. Country of voodoo

4. Rich artistic cultureImage from touristmaker.comwww.neeviaPDF.com

FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI

1. Poverty and illiteracy

2. Tropical climate

3. Country of voodoo

4. Rich artistic cultureHaitian voodoo dolls

Picture from madamepickwickartblog.comwww.neeviaPDF.com

FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI

1. Poverty and illiteracy

2. Tropical climate

3. Country of voodoo

4. Rich artistic cultureBidonville after the earthquake, Haitian artist FRANCILLON LAMEURwww.neeviaPDF.com

250.000 people killed, more than 300.000 harmed.1.7 million people left homeless

In 2012 still over a million people living in tents.

January 12,2010 | Earthquake in Haiti

Picture taken on January 14, 2010 by Juar48http://www.flickr.com/photos/juar/4275677590/

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haiti is a challenging context

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Picture by Picture by Corbis

fragile state, poverty natural disasters+complex emergency

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Disasters are disasters

different effects according to where they hit

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Earthquake in l’Aquila, Italy, 2009

Earthquake in Haiti, 2010

Image sourcehttp://www.celva.it/primopianoc.asp?id=17&l=1&n=187

Image source©Alison Wright

death, distruction and displacement

Magnitude 6.3

308 deaths, 80.000 homeless

Magnitude 7.0

250.000 deaths, 1.7 million homeless www.neeviaPDF.com

disaster after disaster

no time to recovery

no development

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http://blog.ob.org/tomas-drenches-haiti-%E2%80%9Cstreets-turned-into-rivers%E2%80%9D/

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A child wades through a sea of styrofoam and plastic containers looking for plastic bottles that the family will sell for money in the slum area of Citi Soliel in Port-au-Prince, on September 13, 2011. (Reuters/Swoan Parker)

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what happens after a disaster?

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three main phases:

1. emergencyfirst 6 months

2. recovery short term development

2-5 years

3. long term developmentfrom 5 years on

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in Haiti: recovery but no long term development

1. emergency

2. short term

3. long term

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vicious cycle of reconstructionleads to

short term development

Build - destruction - rebuild - destruction - rebuild - destructionwww.neeviaPDF.com

obstinate reconstruction

without changing or adapting to the environment

Build - destruction - rebuild - destruction - rebuild - destructionHuman Nature Strikes Back by Daniel CuomoSource: http://egn56.deviantart.com/art/Human-Nature-Strikes-Back-61132319

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how do we break this vicious cycle?

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the 2010 haiti earthquake, can be a starting point towards a

radical change

2010 2013

?www.neeviaPDF.com

From disasters to

aid coordination

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The future reconstruction of Haiti by Ricardo, for El Mundo.The writing on the man's knapsack says, International Aidwww.neeviaPDF.com

Helping people in Haiti. (Chinese official media’s reporting of earth-quake aid for Haiti carries a nationalistic, self-promotional tune.)2010.1.18 @Haitiwww.neeviaPDF.com

Total Donations for Haiti Earthquake Relief:

TOTAL: $14.9 billion+

debt forgiveness

CBSnews, Haiti earthquake aid, 20-04-2010www.neeviaPDF.com

why so much money

but

no development?!

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who uses the money:

humanitarian aid

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Current aid system: clusters

UN clusters by UN OCHAwww.neeviaPDF.com

UN clusters by UN OCHA

Current aid system: clusters

ruled by United Nations is not an official part of the haitian government

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Current aid system: clusters

the clusters are the actors which decide how things are

done

UN clusters by UN OCHAwww.neeviaPDF.com

Current aid system: clusters

the clusters are the actors which decide how things are

done

delivery of aid

UN clusters by UN OCHAwww.neeviaPDF.com

Cooking kits provided by World Vision are distributed to earthquake survivors in Haiti, following the earthquake that struck the capital on 12 January 2010. Picture by Joshua Lee Kelsey

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Images by Reuterswww.neeviaPDF.com

clusters: problems

temporarysystem

foreignaid

UN clusters by UN OCHAwww.neeviaPDF.com

clusters: problems

temporarysystem

gaps in the local system

foreignaid

little involvement of haitians agencies

UN clusters by UN OCHAwww.neeviaPDF.com

NGO cartoon by © Chris Riddell 2010

VERTICALITY OF THE CLUSTER APPROACH

MAIN ORGANIZATION

CLUSTER coordinators

NGOs in the clusters

PRODUCTS

SUB BSUB A

A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ...

B C D E F G H

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Where do cluster people meet?

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in tents or containers: temporary structures

UN base camp by MINUSTAH on Flicker

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example of shelter cluster meeting...Image by Shelter Clusterwww.neeviaPDF.com

temporary clusters + temporary structures

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leads to...

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leads to...

Cartoon by Peter Brookes from The Times, January 16 2010www.neeviaPDF.com

3. research findingswww.neeviaPDF.com

1 - Research: need of a continuous coordination system

embedded in the local government

2 MAIN FINDINGS:

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Case study: Permanent clusters in Kyrgyzstan

Disaster response in Kyrgyzstan by UN OCHA

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Implement permanent clusters in Haiti!

Disaster response in Kyrgyzstan by UN OCHA

Case study: Permanent clusters in Kyrgyzstan

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permanent clusters

=

continuous coordination

to mediate foreigner and local agencies

progressive development

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2 - DesignNeed of a permanent place for coordination

2 MAIN FINDINGS

1 - Research: need of a continuous coordination system

embedded in the local government

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Image: www.urd.orgwww.neeviaPDF.com

4. design principleswww.neeviaPDF.com

the choice of a sustainable design approach

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the choice of a sustainable design approachwhat is sustainability?

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the choice of a sustainable design approachwhat is sustainability?

“Taking less from the Earth and giving more to people.”the Rocky Mountain Institute, “Primer on Sustainable Building”

Sustaunability scheme by ReThinkgroupwww.neeviaPDF.com

the choice of a sustainable design approachwhat is sustainability?

Sustainable architecture:

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the choice of a sustainable design approachwhat is sustainability?

Sustainable architecture:•uses locally available materials

Construction worker in Bali, by Ibuku

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the choice of a sustainable design approachwhat is sustainability?

Sustainable architecture:•use of locally available materials

•resources that do not damage the environment

Bamboo plants variety by Ibuku

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the choice of a sustainable design approachwhat is sustainability?

Sustainable architecture:•use of locally available materials

•resources that do not damage the environment

•adapts to local environment and people

Tornado by dummidumbwit web blog

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knowing all of this...

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how do you connect

aid coordination to

architectural design?

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research design

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5. designwww.neeviaPDF.com

Goals of the design:

1. Comfortable feeling given by natural ma-terials

2. Spaces for work open and tall : overview on the space.

3. A public place to connect aid coordina-tion a to local public events

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Goals of the design:

1. Comfortable feeling given by natural materials. Inspiration: Anna Heringer , METI school in Bangladesh

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Goals of the design:

1. Comfortable feeling given by natural ma-terials. Inspiration: Anna Heringer , METI school in Bangladesh

2. Spaces for work open and tall : overview on the space. Inspiration: Peter Rich, Mapungubwe Interpretation Cen-

tre, South Africa

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Goals of the design:

1. Comfortable feeling given by natural ma-terials. Inspiration: Anna Heringer , METI school in Bangladesh

2. Spaces for work open and tall : overview on the space. Inspiration: Peter Rich, Mapungubwe Interpretation Cen-

tre, South Africa

3. Space to connect aid coordination to lo-cal public events Inspiration: Ibuku, Green school, Bali

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qualities of the architectural space

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CONNECT

ACTIVATE A CHANGE

GATHER

ORGANIZE

DECIDE

INTERRELATE

ADAPTABLEFLEXIBLE

SUSTAINABLE

INDEPENDENT

RESISTANT

MEET

FACEATTRACT

TALK

COFFEE BREAK

INTEGRATED

ACCESSIBLE

SYMBOLIZE

SHARE

EXCHANGE

KNOW

UNDERSTANDDISCUSS

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design outcome

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clusters offices and public space

materials: bamboo, earth www.neeviaPDF.com

location?

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First step: first coordination hub

Port au Prince, Haitiwww.neeviaPDF.com

•HIGHWAY•PRIMARYROADS•AIRPORTANDPORT

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• accessible: located along highway and primary road, between airport and harbour

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• accessible: located along highway and primary road, between airport and harbour

• decentralized: close to the city centre but not in the centre, safer in disaster situations

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• accessible: located along highway and primary road, between airport and harbour

• decentralized: close to the city centre but not in the centre, safer in disaster situations

•interesting urban tissue: tent camp around an amphitheatre

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PROJECT AREA

Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Google Earthwww.neeviaPDF.com

Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Google Earthwww.neeviaPDF.com

Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Panoramiowww.neeviaPDF.com

Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Panoramiowww.neeviaPDF.com

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why it became what it became

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recalling the research goal...

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recalling the research goal...

implement permanent clusters

+

space to work

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cluster system design concept

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masterplangeneration

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Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Google Earthwww.neeviaPDF.com

Finding site rules...

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Urban shapes

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Focus point: Amphitheatre

existing urban element promoting the action of gatheringwww.neeviaPDF.com

1 | AMPHITHEATRE | public spacewww.neeviaPDF.com

2 | GRID | connects big and small scalewww.neeviaPDF.com

3 | STAGEwww.neeviaPDF.com

4 | CONNECT PUBLIC SPACESwww.neeviaPDF.com

5 | PROLIFERATION | OFFICESwww.neeviaPDF.com

6 | PROMENADEwww.neeviaPDF.com

MASTERPLAN10 m

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MASTERPLAN10 m

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MASTERPLAN FACADEwww.neeviaPDF.com

Image: Katharine Sutliff in Science.

BUILDING AS A MEDIUM TO

CONNECT

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connectplace - to - place

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connectpeople - to - place

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connectpeople - to - people

through spaces

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how do you bring many people together

and then

them go apart?

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combining different spaces

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Plan

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3 kind of spaces... program

LEt s get in!

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1- PUBLIC SPACE | 450sqmA PLACE

FOR PEOPLE TO MEET:

point of attraction, gathering

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PUBLIC SPACE GROUND FLOOR 300sqm

GATHERING SPACE

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ACCESSS TO THE PUBLIC SPACE

EVERYBODY ACCESS FROM HERE!

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PUBLIC SPACE_ FIRST FLOOR 150sqm

EVERYBODY CAN LOOK DOWN!

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2- PRIVATE_OFFICES 430 sqm

A PLACE FOR PEOPLE

TO WORKspace for coordination

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PRIVATE : COORDINATION OFFICES

FORMAL SPACE

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ACCESS TO THE WORK SPACE

PRIVATE! ONLY WORKERS ACCESS HERE!

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aid coordination offices: how many people?

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a very flexible number...

a single cluster can have from 3 to 20 workers depending on the emergency

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ADAPTABLE SPACES

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spaces that grow

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and ADAPT

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according to space needs

in time

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structual grid

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BASIC STRUCTURAL GRIDwww.neeviaPDF.com

Earth walls

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Bamboo facades

Earth walls

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Bamboo facades

Bamboo load bearing

structure

Earth walls

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3- SEMI-PUBLIC _ PATIO A PLACE

FOR WORKING PEOPLE

TO INTERACT:space of opportunity

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SEMI - PRIVATE: PATIO

WORKERS INFORMAL AREA

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ACCESS TO THE PATIO

PRIVATE! WORKERS HAVING BREAK HERE!

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tension between big and small space

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tension between big and small spacemovement of people

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the main building is an open public place,tall and simple space

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the bamboo arches define a constant pace in the placethe earth walls define the boundaries of the space

5m

12 m

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the structure determines the rhythm of the space

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WANNA GO out?

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you have to pass from the patio!www.neeviaPDF.com

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and from the main public space!www.neeviaPDF.com

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more chances to meet,

more chances for interaction!

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reconnecting with sustainability...

materials and details

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why don’t they use bamboo and earth now?

current most used material concrete

not produced locally

Build - destruction - rebuild - destruction - rebuild - destructionwww.neeviaPDF.com

and...

Build - destruction - rebuild - destruction - rebuild - destructionwww.neeviaPDF.com

Haiti001 © Christian Als

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Aerial homes neighbourhood earthquake damage -Port-au-Prince-Haiti by United States Navy

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Bamboo and earth ?

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natural and resistant

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natural and resistant

local -- empower local economy!

use of local skills-- give work to locals!

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natural and resistant

local -- empower local economy!

use of local skills-- give work to locals!

sustainable!

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breaking the vicious circle of reconstruction

the building can be a showcase

2010 2013www.neeviaPDF.com

construction and material

details

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connection to the ground

Construction workers in Bali by Ibukuwww.neeviaPDF.com

connection earthwall- bamboo

Earth wall - Bamboo constructionwww.neeviaPDF.com

ROOF STRUCTURECorrugated bamboo sheet:

• waterproof• light• easy to substitute

Bamboo connection as in the Green school in Bali, by Ibukuwww.neeviaPDF.com

explore more details on the posters!

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now... LETì S BUILD ITì!

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climate performance

TìROPICAL WEATìHER

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Exhaustion of hot air from rooftop window

Big overhanging roof_ uniform shade around

the buildingEarth walls_ thermal mass preventing overheating

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Breathable bamboo facades permit abundant cross ventilation

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disaster resistant?

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disaster resistant?

yes!

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FLOODING?

The whole complex is lying in a “stage”, 50 cm above the ground to prevent flooding

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hurricane?Breathable and strong bamboo load bearing structure.

Light corrugated bamboo sheets for the roof.Easy and fast reparation in case of damage.

Rounded shape accommodate the wind forces.

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Earhquake?Double - disconnected structure:

load bearing bamboo: light, flexible, strongthermal mass: low earth walls

Disconnection prevent complete falling of the building in case of shock

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just few more things

almost done!

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this is not going to happen all in one time

long term planning

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PHASE 1 | 1-2 yearswww.neeviaPDF.com

PHASE 2 | 3-5 yearswww.neeviaPDF.com

PHASE 3 | 5- 7 yearswww.neeviaPDF.com

PHASE 4 | 10 yearswww.neeviaPDF.com

PHASE 5 | 15 yearswww.neeviaPDF.com

PHASE 6 | 20 yearswww.neeviaPDF.com

a journey of thousand miles begins with a

single step...

(Laozi)

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PHASE 1

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MASTERPLAN PHASE 1

10 m

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last but not least...

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when is this building supposed to be built?

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start... tomorrow!

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how it can be financed?

money going to haiti for reconstruction!

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14+ billion dollars2 billions-- early recovery

10-12 billions- long term reconstruction

research and design proposal to get some of that fundswww.neeviaPDF.com

6. open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com

From design to research...

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The architectural intervention as

a symbol of inner strengthwww.neeviaPDF.com

back to the challenges...

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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design

2. Connect real problems to formal choices

3. Use of alternative materials

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The whole system is hard to change... VERTICALITY OF

THE TEMPORARY CLUSTER APPROACH

BEFORE

MAIN ORGANIZATION

CLUSTER coordinators

NGOs in the clusters

PRODUCTS

SUB BSUB A

A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ...

B C D E F G H

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more horizontality

more interaction | effectiveness

IMPROVED HORIZONTALITY OF THE PERMANENT CLUSTER APPROACH

AFTER

MAIN ORGANIZATION

PRODUCTS

SUB BSUB A

A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ...

B C D E F G HCLUSTER coordinators

NGOs in the clusters

VERTICALITY OF THE TEMPORARY CLUSTER

APPROACH

BEFORE

MAIN ORGANIZATION

CLUSTER coordinators

NGOs in the clusters

PRODUCTS

SUB BSUB A

A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ...

B C D E F G H

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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design

2. Connect real problems to formal choices and long term planning

3. Use of alternative materials

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flexible plan... designed to conciliate interaction..www.neeviaPDF.com

flexible plan... designed to conciliate interaction..

...phased constructionwww.neeviaPDF.com

1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design

2. Connect real problems to formal choices and long term planning

3. Use of alternative materials

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The bamboo symbolizes the Haitian people...

we might get bent… but we’re able to straighten up and stand.

-- Bell and Dandicat, Walking on fire, 23www.neeviaPDF.com

Bamboo and earth, alike Haitians...

disaster resistant

culturally accepted

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remember the vicious cycle ?

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we broke it!

by changing reconstruction approach

2010 2013

progress

and

developmentwww.neeviaPDF.com

next?

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1. Continue the research on clusters

2. Apply for research funding

3. Go to haiti

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ending...

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to make local aid coordination happen

Port-au-Prince, Haiti

Coordination office complex and public space

WHY?

where?

What?

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in DISASTìERs

under the worst conditions

people

BRING OUTì TìHE BESTì,,,www.neeviaPDF.com

...this is what i did

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by Haitian artist Levoy Exil

...GRAZIE

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now is your turn!

questions and comments, please!

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