call for freedom. understanding aid coordination in haiti: a new perspective for a new response
TRANSCRIPT
Call For Freedom-NEW(Haitian Art)
Acrylic on Canvas 36X48By Patrice Piard
(For The Glory of Haitian Art)
CALL
FOR
FREEDOM
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Understanding Aid Coordination in Haiti: a new perspective
for
a new responseTUTORS
Alexander Vollebregt_ ResearchRobert Nottrot_ Architecture
Arjan van Timmeren_ Building Tech
| P5_ Graduation presentation| 06112013
Federica Garofalo
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Presentation structure
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1. Introduction
2. Research: theoretical background
3. Research findings
4. Design principles
5. Design
6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com
1. Introduction
2. Research: theoretical background
3. Research findings
4. Design principles
5. Design
6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com
1. Introduction
2. Research: theoretical background
3. Research findings
4. Design principles
5. Design
6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com
1. Introduction
2. Research: theoretical background
3. Research findings
4. Design principles
5. Design
6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com
1. Introduction
2. Research: theoretical background
3. Research findings
4. Design principles
5. Design
6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com
1. Introduction
2. Research: theoretical background
3. Research findings
4. Design principles
5. Design
6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com
1. Introduction
2. Research: theoretical background
3. Research findings
4. Design principles
5. Design
6. Open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com
1. introduction:challenges
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before we start talking...
understand the context
...video
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WARNING! THE CONTENT OF THIS VIDEO MIGHT BE DISTURBING
VIEWER DISCRETION IS ADVISED
ATTEZIONE! IL CONTENUTO DI QUESTO VIDEO PU0’ ESSERE SCIOC-
CANTE: LA VISIONE è A DISCREZIONE DEL PUBBLICOwww.neeviaPDF.com
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“ ... ”
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I have my reasons for being here...
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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design
2. Connect real problems to formal choices
3. Use of alternative materials
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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design• Understand a complex reality with massive contrasts• Simple project, big impact
2. Connect real problems to formal choices
3. Use of alternative materials
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1. Big disaster = big challenges in research & design
2. Connect real problems to formal choices • Traducing problems into coherent architectural forms
3. Use of alternative materials
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1. Big disaster = big challenges in research & design
2. Connect real problems to formal choices
3. Use of alternative materials• Integration in the cultural identity of Haiti
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2. theoretical background
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research design
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2 fundamental questions
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1. why aid coordination?
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2. why in haiti?
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Port au Prince www.neeviaPDF.com
FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI
1. Poverty and illiteracy
2. Tropical climate
3. Country of voodoo
4. Rich artistic culture
Ayiti “Land of Mountains”
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May 1 2011: Rosa St. Fleur, 45, stands with her children outside the metal shack they shared within the garbage-filled slum of Cité Soleil, Haiti.
Picture by Ben Rusnak
FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI
1. Poverty and illiteracy
2. Tropical climate
3. Country of voodoo
4. Rich artistic culturewww.neeviaPDF.com
FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI
1. Poverty and illiteracy
2. Tropical climate
3. Country of voodoo
4. Rich artistic cultureImage from touristmaker.comwww.neeviaPDF.com
FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI
1. Poverty and illiteracy
2. Tropical climate
3. Country of voodoo
4. Rich artistic cultureHaitian voodoo dolls
Picture from madamepickwickartblog.comwww.neeviaPDF.com
FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI
1. Poverty and illiteracy
2. Tropical climate
3. Country of voodoo
4. Rich artistic cultureBidonville after the earthquake, Haitian artist FRANCILLON LAMEURwww.neeviaPDF.com
250.000 people killed, more than 300.000 harmed.1.7 million people left homeless
In 2012 still over a million people living in tents.
January 12,2010 | Earthquake in Haiti
Picture taken on January 14, 2010 by Juar48http://www.flickr.com/photos/juar/4275677590/
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haiti is a challenging context
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Picture by Picture by Corbis
fragile state, poverty natural disasters+complex emergency
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Disasters are disasters
different effects according to where they hit
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Earthquake in l’Aquila, Italy, 2009
Earthquake in Haiti, 2010
Image sourcehttp://www.celva.it/primopianoc.asp?id=17&l=1&n=187
Image source©Alison Wright
death, distruction and displacement
Magnitude 6.3
308 deaths, 80.000 homeless
Magnitude 7.0
250.000 deaths, 1.7 million homeless www.neeviaPDF.com
disaster after disaster
no time to recovery
no development
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http://blog.ob.org/tomas-drenches-haiti-%E2%80%9Cstreets-turned-into-rivers%E2%80%9D/
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A child wades through a sea of styrofoam and plastic containers looking for plastic bottles that the family will sell for money in the slum area of Citi Soliel in Port-au-Prince, on September 13, 2011. (Reuters/Swoan Parker)
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what happens after a disaster?
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three main phases:
1. emergencyfirst 6 months
2. recovery short term development
2-5 years
3. long term developmentfrom 5 years on
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in Haiti: recovery but no long term development
1. emergency
2. short term
3. long term
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vicious cycle of reconstructionleads to
short term development
Build - destruction - rebuild - destruction - rebuild - destructionwww.neeviaPDF.com
obstinate reconstruction
without changing or adapting to the environment
Build - destruction - rebuild - destruction - rebuild - destructionHuman Nature Strikes Back by Daniel CuomoSource: http://egn56.deviantart.com/art/Human-Nature-Strikes-Back-61132319
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how do we break this vicious cycle?
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the 2010 haiti earthquake, can be a starting point towards a
radical change
2010 2013
?www.neeviaPDF.com
From disasters to
aid coordination
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The future reconstruction of Haiti by Ricardo, for El Mundo.The writing on the man's knapsack says, International Aidwww.neeviaPDF.com
Helping people in Haiti. (Chinese official media’s reporting of earth-quake aid for Haiti carries a nationalistic, self-promotional tune.)2010.1.18 @Haitiwww.neeviaPDF.com
Total Donations for Haiti Earthquake Relief:
TOTAL: $14.9 billion+
debt forgiveness
CBSnews, Haiti earthquake aid, 20-04-2010www.neeviaPDF.com
why so much money
but
no development?!
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who uses the money:
humanitarian aid
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Current aid system: clusters
UN clusters by UN OCHAwww.neeviaPDF.com
UN clusters by UN OCHA
Current aid system: clusters
ruled by United Nations is not an official part of the haitian government
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Current aid system: clusters
the clusters are the actors which decide how things are
done
UN clusters by UN OCHAwww.neeviaPDF.com
Current aid system: clusters
the clusters are the actors which decide how things are
done
delivery of aid
UN clusters by UN OCHAwww.neeviaPDF.com
Cooking kits provided by World Vision are distributed to earthquake survivors in Haiti, following the earthquake that struck the capital on 12 January 2010. Picture by Joshua Lee Kelsey
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Images by Reuterswww.neeviaPDF.com
clusters: problems
temporarysystem
foreignaid
UN clusters by UN OCHAwww.neeviaPDF.com
clusters: problems
temporarysystem
gaps in the local system
foreignaid
little involvement of haitians agencies
UN clusters by UN OCHAwww.neeviaPDF.com
NGO cartoon by © Chris Riddell 2010
VERTICALITY OF THE CLUSTER APPROACH
MAIN ORGANIZATION
CLUSTER coordinators
NGOs in the clusters
PRODUCTS
SUB BSUB A
A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ...
B C D E F G H
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Where do cluster people meet?
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in tents or containers: temporary structures
UN base camp by MINUSTAH on Flicker
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example of shelter cluster meeting...Image by Shelter Clusterwww.neeviaPDF.com
temporary clusters + temporary structures
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leads to...
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leads to...
Cartoon by Peter Brookes from The Times, January 16 2010www.neeviaPDF.com
3. research findingswww.neeviaPDF.com
1 - Research: need of a continuous coordination system
embedded in the local government
2 MAIN FINDINGS:
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Case study: Permanent clusters in Kyrgyzstan
Disaster response in Kyrgyzstan by UN OCHA
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Implement permanent clusters in Haiti!
Disaster response in Kyrgyzstan by UN OCHA
Case study: Permanent clusters in Kyrgyzstan
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permanent clusters
=
continuous coordination
to mediate foreigner and local agencies
progressive development
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2 - DesignNeed of a permanent place for coordination
2 MAIN FINDINGS
1 - Research: need of a continuous coordination system
embedded in the local government
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Image: www.urd.orgwww.neeviaPDF.com
4. design principleswww.neeviaPDF.com
the choice of a sustainable design approach
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the choice of a sustainable design approachwhat is sustainability?
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the choice of a sustainable design approachwhat is sustainability?
“Taking less from the Earth and giving more to people.”the Rocky Mountain Institute, “Primer on Sustainable Building”
Sustaunability scheme by ReThinkgroupwww.neeviaPDF.com
the choice of a sustainable design approachwhat is sustainability?
Sustainable architecture:
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the choice of a sustainable design approachwhat is sustainability?
Sustainable architecture:•uses locally available materials
Construction worker in Bali, by Ibuku
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the choice of a sustainable design approachwhat is sustainability?
Sustainable architecture:•use of locally available materials
•resources that do not damage the environment
Bamboo plants variety by Ibuku
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the choice of a sustainable design approachwhat is sustainability?
Sustainable architecture:•use of locally available materials
•resources that do not damage the environment
•adapts to local environment and people
Tornado by dummidumbwit web blog
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knowing all of this...
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how do you connect
aid coordination to
architectural design?
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research design
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5. designwww.neeviaPDF.com
Goals of the design:
1. Comfortable feeling given by natural ma-terials
2. Spaces for work open and tall : overview on the space.
3. A public place to connect aid coordina-tion a to local public events
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Goals of the design:
1. Comfortable feeling given by natural materials. Inspiration: Anna Heringer , METI school in Bangladesh
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Goals of the design:
1. Comfortable feeling given by natural ma-terials. Inspiration: Anna Heringer , METI school in Bangladesh
2. Spaces for work open and tall : overview on the space. Inspiration: Peter Rich, Mapungubwe Interpretation Cen-
tre, South Africa
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Goals of the design:
1. Comfortable feeling given by natural ma-terials. Inspiration: Anna Heringer , METI school in Bangladesh
2. Spaces for work open and tall : overview on the space. Inspiration: Peter Rich, Mapungubwe Interpretation Cen-
tre, South Africa
3. Space to connect aid coordination to lo-cal public events Inspiration: Ibuku, Green school, Bali
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qualities of the architectural space
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CONNECT
ACTIVATE A CHANGE
GATHER
ORGANIZE
DECIDE
INTERRELATE
ADAPTABLEFLEXIBLE
SUSTAINABLE
INDEPENDENT
RESISTANT
MEET
FACEATTRACT
TALK
COFFEE BREAK
INTEGRATED
ACCESSIBLE
SYMBOLIZE
SHARE
EXCHANGE
KNOW
UNDERSTANDDISCUSS
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design outcome
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clusters offices and public space
materials: bamboo, earth www.neeviaPDF.com
location?
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First step: first coordination hub
Port au Prince, Haitiwww.neeviaPDF.com
•HIGHWAY•PRIMARYROADS•AIRPORTANDPORT
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• accessible: located along highway and primary road, between airport and harbour
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• accessible: located along highway and primary road, between airport and harbour
• decentralized: close to the city centre but not in the centre, safer in disaster situations
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• accessible: located along highway and primary road, between airport and harbour
• decentralized: close to the city centre but not in the centre, safer in disaster situations
•interesting urban tissue: tent camp around an amphitheatre
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PROJECT AREA
Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Google Earthwww.neeviaPDF.com
Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Google Earthwww.neeviaPDF.com
Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Panoramiowww.neeviaPDF.com
Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Panoramiowww.neeviaPDF.com
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why it became what it became
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recalling the research goal...
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recalling the research goal...
implement permanent clusters
+
space to work
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cluster system design concept
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masterplangeneration
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Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Google Earthwww.neeviaPDF.com
Finding site rules...
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Urban shapes
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Focus point: Amphitheatre
existing urban element promoting the action of gatheringwww.neeviaPDF.com
1 | AMPHITHEATRE | public spacewww.neeviaPDF.com
2 | GRID | connects big and small scalewww.neeviaPDF.com
3 | STAGEwww.neeviaPDF.com
4 | CONNECT PUBLIC SPACESwww.neeviaPDF.com
5 | PROLIFERATION | OFFICESwww.neeviaPDF.com
6 | PROMENADEwww.neeviaPDF.com
MASTERPLAN10 m
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MASTERPLAN10 m
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MASTERPLAN FACADEwww.neeviaPDF.com
Image: Katharine Sutliff in Science.
BUILDING AS A MEDIUM TO
CONNECT
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connectplace - to - place
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connectpeople - to - place
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connectpeople - to - people
through spaces
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how do you bring many people together
and then
them go apart?
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combining different spaces
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Plan
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3 kind of spaces... program
LEt s get in!
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1- PUBLIC SPACE | 450sqmA PLACE
FOR PEOPLE TO MEET:
point of attraction, gathering
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PUBLIC SPACE GROUND FLOOR 300sqm
GATHERING SPACE
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ACCESSS TO THE PUBLIC SPACE
EVERYBODY ACCESS FROM HERE!
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PUBLIC SPACE_ FIRST FLOOR 150sqm
EVERYBODY CAN LOOK DOWN!
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2- PRIVATE_OFFICES 430 sqm
A PLACE FOR PEOPLE
TO WORKspace for coordination
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PRIVATE : COORDINATION OFFICES
FORMAL SPACE
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ACCESS TO THE WORK SPACE
PRIVATE! ONLY WORKERS ACCESS HERE!
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aid coordination offices: how many people?
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a very flexible number...
a single cluster can have from 3 to 20 workers depending on the emergency
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ADAPTABLE SPACES
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spaces that grow
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and ADAPT
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according to space needs
in time
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structual grid
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BASIC STRUCTURAL GRIDwww.neeviaPDF.com
Earth walls
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Bamboo facades
Earth walls
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Bamboo facades
Bamboo load bearing
structure
Earth walls
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3- SEMI-PUBLIC _ PATIO A PLACE
FOR WORKING PEOPLE
TO INTERACT:space of opportunity
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SEMI - PRIVATE: PATIO
WORKERS INFORMAL AREA
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ACCESS TO THE PATIO
PRIVATE! WORKERS HAVING BREAK HERE!
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tension between big and small space
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tension between big and small spacemovement of people
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the main building is an open public place,tall and simple space
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the bamboo arches define a constant pace in the placethe earth walls define the boundaries of the space
5m
12 m
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the structure determines the rhythm of the space
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WANNA GO out?
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you have to pass from the patio!www.neeviaPDF.com
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and from the main public space!www.neeviaPDF.com
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more chances to meet,
more chances for interaction!
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reconnecting with sustainability...
materials and details
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why don’t they use bamboo and earth now?
current most used material concrete
not produced locally
Build - destruction - rebuild - destruction - rebuild - destructionwww.neeviaPDF.com
and...
Build - destruction - rebuild - destruction - rebuild - destructionwww.neeviaPDF.com
Haiti001 © Christian Als
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Aerial homes neighbourhood earthquake damage -Port-au-Prince-Haiti by United States Navy
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Bamboo and earth ?
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natural and resistant
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natural and resistant
local -- empower local economy!
use of local skills-- give work to locals!
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natural and resistant
local -- empower local economy!
use of local skills-- give work to locals!
sustainable!
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breaking the vicious circle of reconstruction
the building can be a showcase
2010 2013www.neeviaPDF.com
construction and material
details
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connection to the ground
Construction workers in Bali by Ibukuwww.neeviaPDF.com
connection earthwall- bamboo
Earth wall - Bamboo constructionwww.neeviaPDF.com
ROOF STRUCTURECorrugated bamboo sheet:
• waterproof• light• easy to substitute
Bamboo connection as in the Green school in Bali, by Ibukuwww.neeviaPDF.com
explore more details on the posters!
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now... LETì S BUILD ITì!
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climate performance
TìROPICAL WEATìHER
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Exhaustion of hot air from rooftop window
Big overhanging roof_ uniform shade around
the buildingEarth walls_ thermal mass preventing overheating
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Breathable bamboo facades permit abundant cross ventilation
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disaster resistant?
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disaster resistant?
yes!
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FLOODING?
The whole complex is lying in a “stage”, 50 cm above the ground to prevent flooding
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hurricane?Breathable and strong bamboo load bearing structure.
Light corrugated bamboo sheets for the roof.Easy and fast reparation in case of damage.
Rounded shape accommodate the wind forces.
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Earhquake?Double - disconnected structure:
load bearing bamboo: light, flexible, strongthermal mass: low earth walls
Disconnection prevent complete falling of the building in case of shock
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just few more things
almost done!
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this is not going to happen all in one time
long term planning
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PHASE 1 | 1-2 yearswww.neeviaPDF.com
PHASE 2 | 3-5 yearswww.neeviaPDF.com
PHASE 3 | 5- 7 yearswww.neeviaPDF.com
PHASE 4 | 10 yearswww.neeviaPDF.com
PHASE 5 | 15 yearswww.neeviaPDF.com
PHASE 6 | 20 yearswww.neeviaPDF.com
a journey of thousand miles begins with a
single step...
(Laozi)
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PHASE 1
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MASTERPLAN PHASE 1
10 m
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last but not least...
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when is this building supposed to be built?
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start... tomorrow!
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how it can be financed?
money going to haiti for reconstruction!
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14+ billion dollars2 billions-- early recovery
10-12 billions- long term reconstruction
research and design proposal to get some of that fundswww.neeviaPDF.com
6. open conclusionswww.neeviaPDF.com
From design to research...
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The architectural intervention as
a symbol of inner strengthwww.neeviaPDF.com
back to the challenges...
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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design
2. Connect real problems to formal choices
3. Use of alternative materials
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The whole system is hard to change... VERTICALITY OF
THE TEMPORARY CLUSTER APPROACH
BEFORE
MAIN ORGANIZATION
CLUSTER coordinators
NGOs in the clusters
PRODUCTS
SUB BSUB A
A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ...
B C D E F G H
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more horizontality
more interaction | effectiveness
IMPROVED HORIZONTALITY OF THE PERMANENT CLUSTER APPROACH
AFTER
MAIN ORGANIZATION
PRODUCTS
SUB BSUB A
A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ...
B C D E F G HCLUSTER coordinators
NGOs in the clusters
VERTICALITY OF THE TEMPORARY CLUSTER
APPROACH
BEFORE
MAIN ORGANIZATION
CLUSTER coordinators
NGOs in the clusters
PRODUCTS
SUB BSUB A
A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ...
B C D E F G H
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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design
2. Connect real problems to formal choices and long term planning
3. Use of alternative materials
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flexible plan... designed to conciliate interaction..www.neeviaPDF.com
flexible plan... designed to conciliate interaction..
...phased constructionwww.neeviaPDF.com
1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design
2. Connect real problems to formal choices and long term planning
3. Use of alternative materials
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The bamboo symbolizes the Haitian people...
we might get bent… but we’re able to straighten up and stand.
-- Bell and Dandicat, Walking on fire, 23www.neeviaPDF.com
Bamboo and earth, alike Haitians...
disaster resistant
culturally accepted
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remember the vicious cycle ?
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we broke it!
by changing reconstruction approach
2010 2013
progress
and
developmentwww.neeviaPDF.com
next?
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1. Continue the research on clusters
2. Apply for research funding
3. Go to haiti
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ending...
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to make local aid coordination happen
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Coordination office complex and public space
WHY?
where?
What?
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in DISASTìERs
under the worst conditions
people
BRING OUTì TìHE BESTì,,,www.neeviaPDF.com
...this is what i did
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by Haitian artist Levoy Exil
...GRAZIE
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now is your turn!
questions and comments, please!
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