capacity planning overview

Capacity Planning OverviewBrazil Strategic Airport Capacity Improvement

Project

August 2016

1. Capacity Primer

Capacity Basics

• Capacity is how much stuff something holds

• Measurement depends on the stuff

• May include a time component

• All about space

Airport Capacity Basics

• How much demand a system can accommodate

• Measurement depends on type of demand

• May include a time component

• All about space

Basics of Airport Capacity

• Sized to accommodate peak passenger volumes

• Peak demand derived from annual activity

• Capacity is a function of desired Level-of-Service

Capacity

assessment is all

about space

Selected Airport Systems

Selected Airport Demand

A chain is only

as strong as

its weakest link

How many aircraft can I park?

How many people can fit?

How many bags can fit?

2. Level-of-Service

Level-of-Service

• Basis for capacity assessments

• Service and convenience

• Congestion or crowding

• Waiting/processing times

• Length of passenger queues

Qualitative

Intangible

Space, time, and

perception…

ADRM LoS Parameters

• Optimum – recommended as the minimum design objective

• Overdesign – viewed as having no upper bound and may be considered excessive

• Suboptimum – an environment that is constrained and not comfortable for passengers

ADRM LoS Parameters

Space TimePrevious

ranking

OverdesignExcessive or empty

Overprovision of resources

A, B

Optimum

Sufficient to accommodate necessary functions comfortably

Acceptable processing and waiting times

B, C, D

SuboptimumCrowded and uncomfortable

Unacceptable processing and waiting times

D, E

Excessive or

empty space

Accommodates

functions

comfortably

Crowded and

uncomfortable

Overprovision

of resourcesOverdesign Optimum Sub-Optimum

Acceptable

processing and

waiting times

Optimum Optimum Sub-Optimum

Unacceptable

processing and

waiting times

Sub-Optimum Sub-Optimum Under-Provided

ADRM LoS Parameters

Examples – Different Terminals

Seoul-Incheon Airport Check-in Lobby LoS A/B

LaGuardia Airport Check-in Lobby LoS E/F

• Vast check-in lobbies, comfortably sized hold rooms, high capacity baggage claim belts

• May be considered over-built by industry standards

• Older and capacity constrained

• Have not adapted airport operations and technology change

• Political decisions may impact improving LoS

Overdesign will not

necessarily result in

better level-of-service

Examples – Same Terminal

Guarulhos Airport Check-in Lobby (LoS A/B)

Guarulhos Airport Check-in Lobby (LoS E/F)

• A facility can operate under LoS A or B during a certain season or time of day, but may operate at LoS E or F during other times

• Terminal facilities should be designed to maintain a minimum LoS, even during peak periods

Simulation

Direct Observation

Good baseline data

is essential for

calculating capacity

Santos Dumont Airport

2014

Statistics

Pax 9.7M

Ranking 7th

Ops 128,000

Airlines 4

MarketsDomestic 12

International 0

Daily departures +160

Fleet

Mainline jet 73%

Turboprop/

regional jet27%

Check-inCounters 51

Kiosks 53

Security checkpoint lanes 8

Baggage claim devices 6

Operator Infraero

Terminal complex (m2) 19,000

Code B

Code C

Total

Terminal contact stands 0 8 8

Apron remote stands 1 12 13

Total 1 20 21

SDU – Passenger Terminal

2

1

4 3

SDU – Passenger Terminal

1 2

3 4

SDU – Operational Profile

Represents a typical busy weekday, August 2015

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000

-500

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

-16

-12

-8

-4

0

4

8

12

16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Seat

s

# o

f Fl

igh

ts

Arrivals Departures Departure Seats Arrival Seats

SDU – Space AllocationSpace category Area (a)

Passenger processing areasCheck-in lobby 1,800Security screening checkpoint 440

Total 2,240Holdrooms

Domestic 2,840International -

Total 2,840Baggage processing

Baggage make-up area 560Baggage claim area 1,360Baggage claim frontage (m) 135

Total 1,920Customs and immigration -Public space

Restrooms - landside 630Restrooms - airside 140Restrooms – baggage claim 130Public circulation 5,890Secure circulation 2,080

Total 8,870

Space category Area (a)Concessions

Non-secure concessions 2,260Secure concessions 410Concessions support Unk

Total 2,670Other

Airline support 390Airline ticket offices 470Vacant Unk

Total 860Total area (b) 19,000

(a)Areas rounded to the nearest 10 m2.

(b)Inclusive of terminal area not listed above.

SDU – Space Allocation

Porto Alegre International Airport

Code C

Terminal 1

Terminal contact stands 10

Apron remote hardstands 6

Terminal 2

Terminal contact stands 5

Apron remote stands 4

Total 25

2014

Statistics

Pax 8.4M

Ranking 9th

Ops 92,960

Airlines 10

MarketsDomestic 17

International 5

Daily departures +100

Fleet

Mainline jet 65%

Turboprop/

regional jet35%

Check-inCounters 50 / 23

Kiosks 12 / 6

Security checkpoint lanes 9 / 4

Baggage claim devices 4 / 2

Operator Infraero

Terminal complex (m2)37,600 /

15,500

Terminal 1

2

1

POA – Passenger Terminal 1

POA – Passenger Terminal 2

4

3

1 2

3 4

POA – Operational Profile

Represents a typical busy weekday, August 2015

-1.800

-1.200

-600

0

600

1.200

1.800

2.400

-12

-8

-4

0

4

8

12

16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Seat

s

# o

f Fl

igh

ts

Arrivals Departures Arrival Seats Departure Seats

POA – Space AllocationSpace category (a) Terminal 1 Terminal 2

Passenger processing areasCheck-in lobby 720 550Security screening checkpoint 360 160

Total 1,080 710Holdrooms

Domestic 1,030 680Swing 290 -International 580 -

Total 1,900 680Baggage processing

Baggage make-up area 1,620 200Baggage claim-area 2,270 730Baggage claim frontage (m) 260 58

Total 3,890 930Customs and immigration 645 -Public space

Restrooms - landside 170 90Restrooms - airside 260 60Restrooms – baggage claim 130 70Public circulation 5,980 1,150Secure circulation 1,050 -

Total 7,590 1,370

Space category (a) Terminal 1 Terminal 2Concessions

Non-secure concessions 710 170Secure concessions 710 50Concessions support unk unk

Total 1,420 220Other

Airline support 590 120Airline ticket offices 240 -Vacant unk unk

Total 830 120Total area (b) 37,600 15,500

(a)Areas rounded to the nearest 10 m2.

(b)Inclusive of terminal area not listed above.

POA – Space Allocation

18%

17%

23%0%

34%

5%

3%6%

11%

22%

4%

44%

8%

5%Passenger processing areas

Holdrooms

Baggage processing

Customs and immigration

Public space

Concessions

Other

Terminal 1 Terminal 2

Sinop Airport

Code C

Terminal contact stands 0

Apron remote stands 2

Total 2

2014

Statistics

Pax 222,600

Ranking <30th

Ops 3,200

Airlines 2

MarketsDomestic 3

International 0

Daily departures 6

Fleet

Mainline jet 0%

Turboprop/

regional jet100%

Check-inCounters 2

Kiosks 0

Security checkpoint lanes 1

Baggage claim devices 1

Operator Sinop

Terminal complex (m2) 700

OPS – Passenger Terminal

2

1

3

4

1 2

3 4

OPS – Operational Profile

Represents a typical busy weekday, August 2015

OPS – Space Allocation

Space category Area (a)Passenger processing areas

Check-in lobby 100Security screening checkpoint 20

Total 120Holdrooms

Domestic 120International -

Total 120Baggage processing

Baggage make-up area 60Baggage claim area 140Baggage claim frontage (m) 20

Total 200Customs and immigration -Public space (b)

Restrooms - landside unkRestrooms - airside unkRestrooms – baggage claim unkPublic circulation unkSecure circulation -

Total unk

Space category Area (a)Concessions

Non-secure concessions 80Secure concessions -Concessions support -

Total 80Other (c)

Airline support 50Airline ticket offices -Vacant -

Total 50Total area (d) 700

(a)Areas rounded to the nearest 10 m2.

(b)Information was not provided by the Airport.

(c)Some support space provided on an upper

level of the building is not included.

(d)Inclusive of terminal area not listed above.

5. Capacity

Assessment

Process

Capacity Assessment Process

• Area required / area available = over / undersized

• Compare peak hour passenger throughputs to determine constrained areas

Peak hour passengers Area required

Area availableTheoretical

capacity

INPUTS OUTPUTS

Calculation 1:

Calculation 2:

Functional Areas Assessed

Departing

Arriving

If you’ve seen one

airport, you’ve seen

one airport

Demand Analysis

1. Identify the peak month

2. Identify the average day

3. Apply load factors

4. Create daily profile

Identify the Peak MonthCY2015 Monthly Seats and Operations

Salvador International Airport

Identify the Average DayJanuary 2015 Daily Seats

Salvador International Airport

16.000

16.500

17.000

17.500

18.000

18.500

19.000

19.500

20.000

20.500

21.000

01/01/2015 08/01/2015 15/01/2015 22/01/2015 29/01/2015

Da

ily S

ea

ts

Average

Load Factors and Daily Profile

• Load factors transform seat counts into passenger counts

• Peak hour may not occur at top of every hour

• Distribute flights into 10-minute bins

• Plot on rolling 60-minute timeline

Load factors can be obtained from airline investor

reports, IATA, Diio, Oliver Wyman reports, etc.

Apron Capacity

• Match flights

• Count flights

• Compare against existing contact and remote stands

8. Planning

for the Future

A Good Plan is…

Affordable

Can be constructed

Embraced by stakeholders

Adaptable

Aircraft trends

Source: Flight Global

Transportation Systems

• Declining use of auto ownership among millennials and city dwellers

• Increased use of ride-sharing apps and car sharing

Transportation Systems

• Self driving cars could affect parking needs and congestion on airport roadways

• Leading automakers expected to release self-driving cars within next five years

Check-in Trends

Major Increase in Self-Service Check-inSource: SITA’s 2015 Passenger IT Trends Survey, conducted globally in Q1 2015, in 17 countries across 5 continents, including Brazil.

Mobile Check-in

Percentage of Passengers Carrying a DeviceSource: SITA’s 2015 Passenger IT Trends Survey

New Mobile Services in the FutureSource: SITA’s 2015 Passenger IT Trends Survey

Passenger Check-in Trends:

Near-Term

US airlines are rolling out home printed bag tagging, while Asian and European airlines are rolling out permanent bag tagging. Between mobile check-in and remote bag tagging, the check-in lobby will change significantly.

Self-Service Bag Drop

• Qantas was one of the first airlines to renovate an entire terminal to this process

• Several US airports such as Chicago O’Hare have slowly begun to introduce the service with select airlines

Security Screening is Changing

• ANAC recently implemented extra security measures for domestic flights

• Mirrors international security

– Stricter bag spot checks

– Removal of electronic items

– Random passenger body checks

• Suggest passengers arrive two hours before their flight instead of 30 minutes

• Steep learning curve – security line at CGH extended into arrivals hall and delayed five flights

Security Screening Worldwide Trends

• Transition “security as a necessity” to “security as a service”

• Known traveler programs

• Technology to improve experience

• “Smart Security” pilots

Boarding

Biometric authentication:

• Alaska Airlines testing use of fingerprints as form of identification

Self-boarding gates:

• JetBlue has self boarding gates at McCarran International Airport

Concessions

• Quick Response (QR) barcodes

• Decentralize / free up retail space

• Make purchases on a tight schedule

• Virtual shopping walls (Frankfurt and Delhi)

Concessions

Targeted Marketing

• By developing demographic profiles of passengers, concessionaires will be able to target specific travelers

• Biometric technology could be used to augment the collection and utilization of passenger profile information

• Could be incorporated into virtual shopping or on-flight entertainment

Concessions Integration

JFK T5: Holdroom / Concessions integrationJFK T5: Centralized airside concessions mall

LAX TBIT: Artist rendition of the Great Hall – an airside concessions node

SFO T2: Holdroom/Concessions integration

Concessions Integration

J

• Holdrooms with FIDS

• Comfortable varied seating

• Workspaces and waiting spaces

• Daylight and views

Self-Service Trends

Aruba’s Queen Beatrix International Airport is the first airport in the world to provide a 100% self-service passenger experience.

Pax Flow: How Will It Change?

Sustainability at Airports

Capacity Terms

• Dynamic - maximum rate of persons through a system per unit of time

• Static - holding capacity of an area; number of units that can be held at one point in time