ch. 1 managerial accounting in the information age (jiambalvo)
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Managerial Accounting ( pp. 4-6)
Managerial accounting is designed for
internal users
(Internal Reporting vs. External Reporting)
The goal of Managerial Accounting is to
provide the information managers need for
- Planning
- Control
- Decision making
Slide 1-3 Learning objective 1: State the primary goal of
managerial accounting
Planning ( p. 4)
Slide 1-4 Learning objective 2: Describe how budgets
are used in planning
單位成本 = $0.518 ($2,590,000 / 5,000,000) Special Order $0.51 ?
單位變動成本 = $0.41 (1,500,000+400,000+150,000) / 5,000,000
單位固定成本 = $0.048 (60,000+80,000+100,000) / 5,000,000
Planning and Control Process
Slide 1-5
Learning objective 3: Describe how performance reports are
used in the control process
編制預算
實際成本
預算 vs.實際
績效評量
( p. 5)
Sample Performance Report
績效評量 (實際 vs. 預算)
Slide 1-6 Learning objective 3: Describe how performance reports are
used in the control process
( p. 6)
Managerial vs. Financial Accounting ( p. 7)
Unlike Financial Accounting, Managerial
Accounting:
Is directed at internal users
May deviate from GAAP
Presents more detailed information
May present more nonmonetary
information (顧客滿意度, 不良率, Lead time,…)
Places more emphasis on the future
Slide 1-7 Learning objective 4: Distinguish between financial
and managerial accounting
Cost Terminology ( p. 8)
Variable Costs (直接材料,直接人工,..) - Change in proportion to changes in volume or activity
Slide 1-8 Learning objective 5: Define cost terms used in
planning, control, and decision making
Cost Terminology ( p. 9)
Fixed Costs (折舊,保險費,房地產稅) - Do not change in response to changes in volume or
activity
Slide 1-9 Learning objective 5: Define cost terms used in
planning, control, and decision making
Cost Terminology ( p. 9)
Sunk Costs 沉沒成本
- Costs incurred in the past
- Not relevant to present decisions
Opportunity Costs 機會成本
- Values of benefits foregone when selecting one alternative over another
Slide 1-10 Learning objective 5: Define cost terms used in planning,
control, and decision making
Cost Terminology
Direct and indirect costs直接成本&間接成本
- Direct costs are directly traceable to a
product, activity, or department, indirect
costs are not traceable (Allocation分攤 )
Controllable & noncontrollable costs
- A manager can influence controllable
costs but cannot influence non-
controllable costs可控制成本&不可控制成本
Slide 1-11 Learning objective 5: Define cost terms used in
planning, control, and decision making
Direct and Indirect Cost ( P. 10)
Slide 1-12 Learning objective 5: Define cost terms used in
planning, control, and decision making
Allocation:
水電費 保險費 房地產稅 機器折舊 間接人工
直接材料,直接人工
間接成本 直接成本
保險費
Two Key Ideas in Managerial Accounting ( pp. 10-11)
Slide 1-13 Learning objective 6: Explain the two key
ideas in managerial accounting
增額分析
Performance Measures Drive Behavior
The Value Chain ( p. 14)
Slide 1-14 Learning objective 7: Discuss the impact of information technology on competition, business processes and
the interactions companies have with suppliers and customers
Finished Good Shipping Material Warehouse
基礎建設
採購
(R & D)
(HR or People Team)
Impact of Software Systems on the Value Chain (p. 15)
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) - Computerize inventory control and production
planning
Supply Chain Management (SCM) - Organization of activities between a company and
its suppliers
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) - Manages a variety of customer interactions
Slide 1-15 Learning objective 7: Discuss the impact of information technology on competition, business processes and
the interactions companies have with suppliers and customers
Customer Relationship Management (p. 19)
Slide 1-16 Learning objective 7: Discuss the impact of information technology on competition, business processes
and the interactions companies have with suppliers and customers
Ethical and Unethical Behavior
Examples of unethical behavior不道德的行為
Enron managers mislead investors by hiding debt, i.e. Kenneth Lay, CEO, found guilty of fraud
WorldCom overstated profits, i.e. Bernard Ebbers, CEO, received a 25 year prison sentence
Dennis Kozlowski, head of Tyco, was charged with avoiding taxes
Sam Waksal, cofounder of IMClone, was charged with insider trading
Slide 1-17 Learning objective 8: Describe a framework
for ethical decision making
(pp. 16-17)
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (p. 17)
Slide 1-18 Learning objective 8: Describe a framework
for ethical decision making
Enacted by Congress in July 2002 (SOX Act)
Requires CEO and CFO to certify that the financial
statements do not contain any untrue statements or
omissions
Bans certain types of work by the company’s
auditors to ensure their independence
Provides for longer jail sentences and larger fines
for executives (i.e. fines up to $5 million and jail
terms up to 20 years)
Requires companies to report on the existence and
reliability of internal controls
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