ch. 2essential questions. standards ss8h1 – evaluate the development of native american cultures...
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Ch. 2 Essential Questions
Standards
• SS8H1 – Evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on Native American cultures
The 3 Periods of North American History
• Paleo-Indian Period – 10,000 years ago
• Archaic Period – 8000 BC – 1000 BC
• Woodland Period 1000 BC – 1000 AD
• Mississippian Culture followed the Woodland Period and is considered the highest stage of Native American culture!
Paleo Indian Characteristics
• Contains the earliest known people of North America.
• About 10,000 years ago when glaciers from the ice age began to melt
• Paleo Indians hunted woolly mammoths, bison, horses moose and elk.
• Nomads – People who move from place to place following food supplies.
Archaic Period
• Around 8000 BC Earth’s climate warmed up. Big animals disappeared and forests began to grow.
• Descendants of Paleo-Indians began to thrive: Archaic Indians.
• Lived in North America from 8000 BC to 1000 BC.
• 1st Culture of Georgia
Archaic Period
• Developed improved techniques for fishing, gathering and hunting
• They used small spear points, and stone axes.• The small tools were used to hunt smaller
animals. • Smaller animals wouldn’t feed as many people,
so they had to get food from somewhere else. • They gathered nuts, berries, etc…• Other artifacts suggest that these people lived in
rock shelters or pit houses. No permanent settlements!
Archaic Period
• Archaic people DID NOT have three things: bows and arrows, pottery and agriculture.
Woodland Period
• This period lasted from 1000 B.C. to around 1000 A.D.
• The Woodland Indians developed agriculture.
• They also developed pottery, and bow and arrows
• Woodland Native Americans built villages along streams where the soil was soft.
• Woodland Indians built protective walls around their villages.
Woodland Indians
• Advanced villages with houses built in a circle
• Formed trading networks
• Formed tribes that fought wars with each other
• Practiced rituals and ceremonies
Mississippian Culture
• The period that followed the Woodland Period is known for the Mississippian Culture
• The Mississippian People originated along the Mississippi and Ohio River, but stretched from Georgia to Minnesota
Achievements of Mississpian – 5 characteristics of Civilization
1. Cities
2. Specialized Jobs
3. Organized Government and religion
4. A system of record keeping
5. Advanced tool
• Why would all these change the culture and why would they need all these things
Mississippian Culture
• Etowah Indians lived in North Georgia.
• Their flat-topped earthen mounds are still there today.
• Also large ceremonial lodge built of red clay near Macon, Georgia off the Ocmulgee River
• The Mississippian Peoples grew three main crops: corn, beans and squash.
Etowah (Mississippian Culture)
• Etowah Indians lived in North Georgia.
• Their flat-topped earthen mounds are still there today.
• Also large ceremonial lodge built of red clay near Macon, Georgia off the Ocmulgee River
5 Civilized Tribes
• Creek, Cherokee, Seminole, Choctaw and Chickasaw were the “5 Civilized Tribes”.
• Creek were the dominant tribe in Georgia
• Cherokee was 2nd largest in Georgia
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