ch 3 eukaryotic cell structure. eukaryotic cell structures structures within a eukaryotic cell that...
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Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles.
Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
The Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Plant Cell
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (free)
Ribosome (attached)
Mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
Vacuole
Nucleolus
NucleusSmooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome (free)
Ribosome (attached)
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Centrioles
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Main Office Contains nearly all the cell’s DNA & w/ coded
instructions for making proteins & other important molecules
Nucleus
Nuclear Envelope Surrounds the nucleus Composed of two membranes Allows messages to enter & leave the main
office
Nucleus
Chromatin Granular material seen in the nucleus Consists of DNA bound to protein Condenses to form chromosomes when a cell
divides
Ribosomes
Small machine in the factory Proteins are assembled on the ribosomes Small particles of RNA and protein are found
throughout the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
The site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along w/ proteins & other materials that are exported from the cell
There are 2 types of ER:
1. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER Portion of ER involved in
the synthesis of proteins Named b/c ribosomes
attach to it Newly made proteins
leave these ribsomes & are inserted into the rough ER, for chemical modification
Golgi Apparatus
Customization Shop – finishing touches & then shipped
Modifies, sorts, & packages proteins & other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
Lysosomes
Clean up crew, removes “junk”
Small organelles filled w/ enzymes
Functions include digestion or breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids & proteins
Vacuoles
Vacuoles are also found in some unicellular organisms and in some animals.
The paramecium contains a contractile vacuole that pumps excess water out of the cell.
Contractile vacuole
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
Mitochondria Power plant Organelles that convert chemical energy stored in
food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Chloroplasts Solar power plant Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight &
convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
Cytoskeleton
Support beams Network of protein filaments that helps the
cell to maintain its shape Also involved in movement
The cytoskeleton is made up of: microfilaments microtubules
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cell membrane
Microtubule
Microfilament
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division.
Cell Organelle Interactive
Plant and Animal Model Interactive
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic
Has a nucleus Organelles to carry out
specialized functions Flagella or cilia
Single celled organism Lacks a nucleus & other
compartments Can not carry out many
specialized functions Flagella
Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells
Plant has:Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Regular/Box-like shape
Large Central Vacuole
Animal Cell has:Centrioles
Irregular shape
Small vacuoles called vesicles
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