chap. 42 circulation and gas exchange ap biology mr. orndorff march 2004

Chap. 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange

AP Biology

Mr. Orndorff

March 2004

Internal transport in Aurelia (Fig. 42.1)

Open and closed circulatory systems (Fig. 42.2)

Vertebrate circulatory systems (Fig. 42.3)

Mammalian cardiovascular system (Fig.

42.4)

Heart of mammal

(Fig. 42.5)

Cardiac cycle (Fig. 42.6)

Control of heart rhythm (Fig. 42.7)

Blood flow in veins (Fig. 42.9)

Blood flow velocity, cross-sectional area, and pressure (Fig. 42.10)

Blood flow in capillary beds (Fig. 42.11)

Movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial fluid (Fig. 42.12)

Mam-mal

Blood (Fig.

42.13)

Differentiation of blood cells (Fig. 42.14)

Blood clotting (Fig. 42.15)

Role of gas exchange in

bioenergetics (Fig. 42.17)

Diversity in gill structure (Fig. 42.18)

Fish gill

(Fig. 42.19)

Countercurrent exchange (Fig. 42.20)

Respiratory adaptations of terrestrial animals

TRACHEAL SYSTEM• All insects.• Network of air tubes

to nearly every cell.• Body movements

compress and expand air tubes to keep system ventilated.

LUNGS• Spiders, snails, and

vertebrates.• Network of air tubes

exchange gases with capillaries in lungs.

• Closed circulatory system exchange gases with cells.

Negative pressure breathing (Fig. 42.23)

Avian respiratory system(Fig. 42.24)

Automatic control of breathing

(Fig. 42.25)

Loading and unloading of respiratory

gases (Fig. 42.26)

Oxygen dissociation curves for hemoglobin (Fig. 42.27)

Quartenary protein structure (Fig. 5.23)

Cooperativity (Fig. 6.17)

Carbon dioxide

transport in the blood (Fig.

42.28)

CO2 transport in blood

• In tissues: carbonic anhydrase

CO2 (in excess) + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3 (diffuses into blood plasma)

• In lungs: carbonic anhydrase

H+ + HCO3 (in excess) H2CO3 CO2 (diffuses into lungs) + H2O