chapter 10

Chapter 10Western Expansion and the National Policy

Treaties With First Nations

In America’s effort to expand the west they went to war and conquered the First Nations

When Canada decided to expand west they signed a series of treaties with the First Nations, because they wanted to avoid the high cost of lives and money that goes with a war

Some say this what distinguishes us from Americans, others say our injustices were with words and not swords

Treaty by Number

Starting in 1871 Canada started signing treaties with the First Nations in Rupert’s land in order to gain ownership of land and peace with First Nations in order to lay the National Railway◦so they signed treaty 1 first in 1871 and treaty

2 right after and so on until treaty 11 in 1921

Copy of Treaty 7

Go through the treaty and find any place where you think the deal is better for First Nations and where you think it is better for Canada and record it in a T-Chart

Highlight or mark up where you find things in the T-Charts by number your T – chart and the treaty

FN Canada 1. Location of land does not make sense 2. FN not given enough land to hunt or farm

Based on the results of your T-Charts who do you think benefited the most from the FN treaties?

First Nations View of Treaty VS. Canada’s View

Canada viewed the treaty as way to gain ownership of land

First Nations had no concept of ownership of land and thought they were making a deal to share the land

First Nations kept oral histories of the events and Canada’s government kept written records, there is a difference between the 2 and Canada would only believe the written record. Some people believe Canada left stuff out of the written record even though they agreed to something orally

First Nations View of Treaty VS. Canada’s View

First Nations viewed the treaties as a way to preserve their culture in an era that was forcing change on them and thought the treaties would be permanent

Canada’s government saw the treaties as a way to assimilate First Nations, get them to adopt British ways. Canada did not think of the treaties as permanent because they thought First Nation culture was not permanent

What the Treaties Promised

EducationHealth careReserves – Land set aside for exclusive

use by First NationsRights to Hunt and Fish on all lands at all

timesFarming assistance – tools and seedsPayments – small annual sums of money

To what extent did cultural differences complicate treaty negotiations?

Was the Canadian government and First Nations people fully aware of these differences?

What if this was happening today with Canadians and Americans?

Residential Schools -

Were created by the government to fullfill the promise of education for First Nations declared in the treaties◦The schools would separate First Nation

children from families◦would only allow First Nations children to use

the English language and British cultural norms

Read page 313 and answer the respond questions

Read page 314 and answer the respond questions

Chapter taskThe Canadian government has hired your

advertising agency to promote immigration to Canada’s Western Frontier in accordance with the New National Policy◦Create a poster or radio add to promote

expansion to Canada’s west◦Make sure you add is exciting and tries to use

all 3 points of the National Policy if possible◦Attach a paragraph explaining your add

campaigns goals, where they will be distributed in the world and why you placed the things you did in your add campaign

read page 315 and answer the respond questions

The National Policy

read page 320

Chinese rail workers

read page 321 and answer the respond questions

read pages 322 and 323 and answer the respond question

Rail way Finished

read page 324 to 325 and answer the following question

do you think the “behind the scenes” comments were accurate opinions?

do you agree with those opinions?

Immigration to the West

read page 326 and 327 and answer the respond questions

Read 328 and 329 and answer the respond questions

read page 331 and answer the respond questions

read pages 332-333 and 336-337 and answer the following question◦Is their any similarities between the Canadien

and Eastern European immigrants to the other different cultural immigrants to the west?

Alberta and Saskatchewan formed

Read pages 340-341 and answer the respond questions

Chapter taskThe Canadian government has hired your

advertising agency to promote immigration to Canada’s Western Frontier in accordance with the New National Policy◦Create a poster or radio add to promote

expansion to Canada’s west◦Make sure you add is exciting and tries to use

all 3 points of the National Policy if possible◦Attach a paragraph explaining your add

campaigns goals, where they will be distributed in the world and why you placed the things you did in your add campaign