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PART FOUR
Chapter 11: Sculpture and Installation
Sculpture methods covered in this
chapter include:
• Modeling (additive)
• Assembling (additive)
• Carving (subtractive)
• Casting (involves a mold)
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• terra cotta
• mold
• lost-wax process
• “in the round”
• low relief (bas-relief)
• high relief
• contrapposto
• installation
• earthwork
• time-based work
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Key Terms for this chapter include:
Sculpture and Installation
Sculpture involves works of art dealing with three-dimensional space.
Three-dimensional involves:
Height, Width, and Depth
“In the round”: Freestanding artwork that can be viewed from any angle; completed on all sides.
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Sculpture In relief, forms project from but remain attached to a background surface; meant to be viewed frontally.
• Low Relief: Also called bas-relief; figures project only slightly from the background.
• High Relief: Forms dramatically project from the background by generally at least half their depth.
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Insert visual(s).
Suggestion: 11.3 Durga Fighting the Buffalo Demon
Low relief (bas-relief) and High
Relief Sarcophagus lid, Mexico,
Mayan late Classical Period *Durga Fighting the Buffalo
Demon, cave, India.
MODELING
Modeling is an additive process. The
sculptor begins with a framework or
nothing at all and adds material until the
sculpture is finished. It is a very direct
method of working.
• Clay, also known as terra cotta, is the
most common modeling material.
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Insert visual(s).
Suggestion: 11.4 Figurine of a Voluptuous Lady
CASTING
Casting is a very indirect method of
working. It involves a mold of some
kind into which liquid or semi liquid
is poured and allowed to harden.
• Bronze is a common casting material.
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Insert visual(s).
Suggestion: 11.5 The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara
CASTING The lost-wax process is the most common method
for casting. The wax original is destroyed in the
process making each sculpture cast unique.
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
CARVING
In carving the sculptor begins with a block
of material and cuts, chips, and gouges
away until the form emerges. It is a
subtractive process.
• Wood and stone are the principal
materials historically used for this process.
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Insert visual(s).
Suggestion: 11.9 Virgin and Child on the Crescent Moon
ASSEMBLING
In assembling, individual pieces,
segments, or objects are brought
together to form a sculpture. It is an
additive process.
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Insert visual(s).
Suggestions:
11.11 Cubi XII
11.13 C.F.A.O.
Sculpture: The Human Figure
The human figure is a basic subject
for sculpture throughout time.
• Contrapposto: Meaning counterpoise
or counterbalance; sets the body in a
gentle S-shaped curve that implies
the potential for human motion.
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Insert visual(s).
Suggestion: 11.20 Apoxyomenos (Scraper)
Menkaure and Khamerenebty, Egypt, 2490-
2473 BC
*The Burghers of Calais,
Auguste Rodin, 1884-85, Bronze
Apoxyomenos,
(Scraper),Roman copy of
Lyssipos, 320, marble
*Dying Slave, Michelangelo, 1535-16
Contrapossto – slight
weight shift (from Greeks)
Working with Time and Place
Human beings also sculpt the
landscape and specific environments.
There are practical, religious, and
aesthetic reasons for this type of
sculpture.
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Insert visual(s).
Suggestion: 11.25 Serpent Mound
Working with Time and Place
• Earthwork: A work of art made for a
specific place using natural materials
found there, especially the earth
itself.
• Installation: An artist modifies a
space in some way and asks us to
enter, explore, and experience it.
© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
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