chapter 21. american federation of labor formed in 1886 only skilled craft workers such as...
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Chapter 21
American Federation of Labor Formed in 1886 Only skilled craft workers such as silversmiths and artisans
were allowed to belong Congress of Industrial Organizations
Formed in 1935 Permitted semiskilled and unskilled workers to become
members
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Major federal statutes that regulate the labor-management relationship: Norris-LaGuardia Act Wagner Act: Enacted in 1935 - establishes the right of
employees to form and join labor organizations Labor-Management Relations Act Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act Railway Labor Act
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National Labor Relations Board: A federal administrative agency that oversees union elections, prevents employers and unions from engaging in illegal and unfair labor practices, and enforces and interprets certain federal labor laws
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Section 7 of the NLRA: A federal law that gives employees the right to form, join, and assist labor unions; to bargain collectively with employers; and to engage in concerted activity to promote these rights
Appropriate bargaining unit: A group of employees that a union is seeking to represent
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Types of union elections Contested election: An election for a union that an
employer’s management contests▪ The NLRB must supervise this type of election
Consent election Decertification election
Union solicitation on company property: Inaccessibility exception: A rule that permits employees
and union officials to engage in union solicitation on company property if the employees are beyond reach of reasonable union efforts to communicate with them
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Illegal interference with an election: Section 8(a) of the NLRA: A law that makes it an unfair
labor practice for an employer to interfere with, coerce, or restrain employees from exercising their statutory right to form and join unions
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The act of negotiating contract terms between an employer and the members of a union
Collective bargaining agreement: The resulting contract from a collective bargaining procedure
Subjects of collective bargaining: Compulsory:▪ Wages
▪ Hours
▪ Terms and conditions of employment
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Permissive subjects: Subjects that are not compulsory or illegal
Illegal subjects
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Union security agreements: To obtain the greatest power possible, elected unions sometimes try to install a union security agreement Closed shop Union shop: A workplace in which an employee must join
the union within a certain number of days after being hired Agency shop: A workplace in which an employee does not
have to join the union but must pay an agency fee to the union
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A cessation of work by union members in order to obtain economic benefits or correct an unfair labor practice
Cooling-off period: A mandatory sixty days’ notice before a strike can commence
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Illegal strikes: Violent strikes Sit-down strikes Partial or intermittent strikes Wildcat strikes
No-strike clause: A clause in a collective bargaining agreement whereby a union agrees it will not strike during an agreed-upon period of time
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Crossover and replacement workers Employer lockout: An act of an employer to prevent
employees from entering the work premises when the employer reasonably anticipates a strike
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The action of strikers walking in front of an employer’s premises, carrying signs announcing their strike
Picketing is lawful unless: Is accompanied by violence Obstructs customers from entering the employer’s place of
business Prevents nonstriking employees from entering the
employer’s premises Prevents pickups and deliveries at the employer’s place of
business
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Secondary boycott picketing: A type of picketing in which a union tries to bring pressure against an employer by picketing the employer’s suppliers or customers
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A union may adopt internal union rules to regulate the operation of the union, acquire and maintain union membership, and the like
Title I of the Landrum-Griffin Act: Labor’s “bill of rights,” which gives each union member equal rights and privileges to nominate candidates for union office, vote in elections, and participate in membership meetings
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Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act (Plant Closing Act): A federal act that requires employers with one hundred or more employees to give their employees sixty days’ notice before engaging in certain plant closings or layoffs
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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS): A federal agency empowered to enforce U.S. immigration laws
H-1B visa: A visa that allows U.S. employers to employ in the United States foreign nationals who are skilled in specialty occupations
EB-1 visa: A visa that allows U.S. employers to employ in the United States foreign nationals who possess exceptional qualifications for certain types of employment
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Undocumented workers Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 Form I-9 “Employment Eligibility Verification
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