chapter 8 - photosynthesis autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds...

Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis

Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds(food.)

Heterotrophic organisms – organismsThat CANNOT make their own food

Figure 10.2 Focusing in on the location of photosynthesis in a plant

Figure 10.6 Why leaves are green: interaction of light with chloroplasts

Overall reaction for photosynthesis:

Requirements for photosynthesis tooccur:

CO2 – this is obtained through openings called stomata located under the leaves. Draw here:

H2O – The roots pull it from the soil up to the leaves.

Sunlight – provides energy for the reaction.

Pigments:Chlorophyll – absorbs red and blue light (which provides energy)Carotenes and Xanthophylls – absorb different wavelengths of light.

Energy-storing compounds

The energy from the sun has to be temporarily stored in a molecule before it can be used to make sugar.

Solar energy elevates electrons to a higher energy level by trapping them in chemical bonds.

2 energy-storing molecules are used:

ATP

NADP+

How they’re made

- When an organism makes energy,It is in the form of a molecule called

ATP

Draw chloroplast diagram here:

http://www.daviddarling.info/images/chloroplast.jpg

AP Biology Kovacs

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 1)

AP Biology Kovacs

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 2)

AP Biology Kovacs

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 3)

AP Biology Kovacs

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 5)

AP Biology Kovacs

Figure 10.14 Cyclic electron flow

AP Biology Kovacs

Figure 10.16 The light reactions and chemiosmosis: the organization of the thylakoid membrane

Photosynthesis is a series of chemicalreactions in the chloroplast

1 – Light dependent reaction (photochemical reaction)

-Occurs in the photosynthetic membranes of the chloroplast (grana)

-Water is split using light energy in a process called photolysis.

-Energy is transferred to ATP and NADPH for use in the next reaction.

-Oxygen gas is produces as a waste product.

Summary:

2 – Light-Independent Reaction(a.k.a. Dark Reactions, Calvin Cycle, Carbon Fixation) YIKES!!!

- Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast

- Carbon dioxide is used to create a carbohydrate (glucose)-Energy is provided by ATP and NADPH from the light reaction:

Summary:

Box Diagram!