chapter 8 slideshow
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CHAPTER 8:SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
BY : MISS SITI NOOR RASHIDAH BT SALEH
VARIOUS SUPPORT SYSTEM
• Support system consist of skeletal tissue• Skeletal tissue are made of tough substance –
calcium• Function : supporting movements of
organisms
Types of support system
Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton
Hydrostatic skeleton
Exoskeleton
External skeleton : hard shells , cuticles, chitin
Found in invertebratesWaterproof : to prevent water loss
Function : maintain the body shapeProtecting internal organsProvide surface of attachment for muscles in the body
Endoskeleton
Internal skeleton :inside the organisms bodyFound in most VERTEBRATES• Functions :• i) supporting body weight• ii) Protects soft organs in the body• iii) Maintaining body shapes• iv) Attachments for muscles• v) Produce blood cells. E.g. bone marrows
Hydrostatic skeleton •Als
o called as hydroskeleton
•Consist of fluid cavity inside the body
•Soft body invertebrates•starfish
•Functions : •i)
Maintaining the body shapes and its rigidity
•ii) Supports soft tissues in its body
•iii) Protects internal organ.
SUPPORT IN LAND VERTEBRATES
AQUATIC VERTEBRATES
LAND INVERTEBRATES
• Outer layer made of CHITIN, SHELL (calcium carbonate), or cuticle.
• Advantage : impermeable to water• Protects inner organ• Allows movements
• Disadvantages : prevent growth• SOLUTION : ecdysis
Cicada sp.
HYDROSTATIC INVERTEBRATES
• Support by BODY FLUIDS• Keeping in body in high pressure, turgid and
firm
WOODY PLANTS
• Hard and supported by rings of hardwood• Rings of hardwood : secondary xylem• Dicotyledon
NON-WOODY PLANTS
• Also known as HERBACEOUS PLANT• Monocotyledon
SPECIAL SUPPORT FEATURES IN PLANTS
1. Buttress roots – hibiscus plants2. Prop roots – maize plants3. Clasping roots – money plants4. Aerial clasping roots – orchid plants5. Tendrils – cucumber plants6. Twinning stems – morning glory plants7. Thorns – roses plants8. Stilt roots – mangrove plants in muddy places
Strong and grow from the ground
BUTTRESS ROOTS
Prop roots – grow from the stem closed from the ground
Clasping roots – using roots to climb on other trees
Betel plant
Money plants
Twinning stem – plant that climb other structures by using it stems
Morning glory
Bean plant
TENDRILS – coiled structures that climb other structures
Stilt roots – grow in muddy area for mangrove plantsalso known as AKAR JANGKANG
Red mangrove
AQUATIC PLANTS
• Consist of : air sacs•Small leaves•Swollen leaf base that filled with air
• Water hyacinth hydrilla sp.
Lotus plant
Leech
Lobster
Pipe fish
Eel
Caterpillar Centipede
Earthworm Cockroach
EXERCISE Endoskeleton Exoskeleton Hydrostatic skeleton
Pipe fish Lobster Earthworm
Eel Cockroach Leech
Human Centipede Caterpillar
2. (a) What are the functions of the support systems in animal?
i) To support the bodyii) To protect the soft tissue and organsiii) To maintain the shape of the body iv) To enable movement
2. (b) What makes up an endoskeleton?• Bones and cartilage
(c) How do insects with exoskeletons grow bigger in size?
•They undergoes ecdysis to remove their exoskeleton so that their body can grow bigger. Then, bigger exoskeleton will grow
3. Compare the endoskeletons of the whale and the elephant in diagram 1.
• The endoskeleton of elephant is bigger than endoskeleton of whale
Suggest a reason for your observation in 3 (a)• The whale is an aquatic animal and its
body is supported by water bouyancy• The elephant is a land animal and its body
weight is supported by its skeleton
Topic 8.2. 1. (a) land
woody tissuetall
b) Landsoftturgiditytall prop
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