china during the ming and qing empires
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China during the Ming and Qing Empires
Notes: Chapter 17.1 – 17.2
Ming Foreign Policy
Early Ming dynasty – very advanced sailors1405 – Reached India1415 – Reached Southern Coast of Arabian Peninsula Later Ming Emperors had little interest in sea-power or foreign trade
Ming Foreign Policy (cont.)
Defeated the Mongols in 1368Restored Confucianism Wanted China to be self-sufficientFocused on protecting the Northern Frontier Chose frontier defense over trade and sea travel
Founding the Qing Dynasty
1644, the Manchu captured Beijing
Qing Emperors adopted Chinese culture
Also tried to keep the Manchu people separate and distinct from the Chinese
Ruled until 1912
Decline of the Qing Dynasty
Faced problems of over-population
Corruption and government inefficiency became commonplace
1796 – White Lotus Rebellion
The Portuguese
1514 – Portuguese ships reached the southeastern coast of China
Many Jesuit missionaries arrived
Jesuits’ power aroused jealousy and concern among some Chinese leaders
Emperors denounced Christianity as anti-Confucian
The BritishThe British East India Company monopolized new trade in Chinese teas
Many British felt the need for Free Trade with China
1793 and 1816, British officials asked the Chinese government to open more ports
1833, British abolished the British East India Company’s monopoly
The Opium TradeBritish switched from trading Cotton to trading Opium with China The Chinese Government became very alarmed 1839-1842, Opium War 1842 – Treaty of Nanjing British enforced a policy of extraterritoriality Chinese continued to sign “unequal” treaties
RebellionsHong Xiuquan began to lead a revolt
1850-1864, Taiping Rebellion
Late 1870s, Qing finally put down these rebellions.
Seriously weakened both Qing dynasty and the nation as a whole
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