classification of psychiatric disorders chapter two

Classification of Psychiatric

Disorders

Chapter Two

Mental Disorder/Psychiatric Disorder

Is an illness with psychogenic or behavioral manifestations associated with impairment in functioning due to biologic, social, psychogenic, genetic, physical and chemical disturbances.

Each illness has characteristics signs and symptoms

Two main Classification Systems ICD 10 (International Classification of

Diseases) DSM 5 (Diagnostic and Statistical

Manual)

Over 200 types of psychiatric illness are classified and according to ICD 10 the main categories of illness or disorders are-

The main categories of ICD 10

Organic including symptomatic, mental disorders

Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use.

Schizophrenia, Schizotypal and Delusional disorder.

Mood (Affective) disorders

Neurotic, Stress related and Somatoform disorder.

Behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbance and physical

factors

Disorders of adult personality and behaviour

Mental retardation

Disorders of psychological development

Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood or

adolescences.

Stress related disordersAcute stress disorderAdjustment disorderPost-traumatic disorder

Anxiety disordersGeneralized anxietyPhobic anxietyPanic anxietyObsessive-compulsive anxiety

Affective mood disordersDepressive disorder

Mania and bipolar disorder

Schizophrenia and delusional disorders

Substance misuse disorders AlcoholDrugs

Classification of psychiatric disorders (Davidson)

Organic disordersAcute, e.g. deliriumChronic, e.g. dementia

Disorders of adult personality and behavior

Personality disorderFactitious disorder

Eating disordersAnorexia nervosaBulimia nervosa

Somatoform disordersSomatisation disorderDissociative (conversion) disorderPain disorderHypochondriasisBody dysmorphic disorderSomatoform autonomic dysfunction

NeurastheniaPuerperal mental disorders

Old Classification of Psychiatric Disorders

Organic Psychiatric Disorders

Functional Psychiatric Disorders

Major/Psychosis Minor/Neurosis

Others

Difference between Psychosis and Neurosis Psychosis Neurosis

I. Etiology

i. Genetic factors More important (in disorders like schizophrenia, mood disorders etc.)

Less important (important in making a personality vulnerable)

ii. Stressful life events Less important More important

II. Psychopathology

Personality disintegration

Total Partial

III. Clinical Features

i. Touch with reality Lost Not

ii. Insight into the illness Lost (Patient usually brought by the relatives).

Present (Patient himself comes for treatment).

iii. Judgment Impaired Intact

iv. Social relationships and behavior

Markedly affected Usually not affected

v. Neglect of Personal hygiene

May be present Not

vi. Disturbances of memory, orientation, consciousness and intelligence

Common (in organic psychoses)

Rare

vii. Disturbances of thinking (delusions) and Perception (illusions and hallucinations)

Common Rare

IV. Treatment

i. Electroconvulsivetherapy

Very useful (in Functional Psychoses)

Not useful

ii. Drugs Neuroleptics (Major tranquillizers) and antidepressants commonly used

Minor tranquillizers and anti-depressantscommonly used

iii. Psychotherapy Supportive type (useful when the patient is in remission)

Analytic, supportive and other types very useful.

V. Prognosis Difficult to treat. Recovery may not be possible. Relapses are common

Easy to treat. Recovery is possible and complete. Relapses are uncommon

The END