clean vehicles possibilities and barriers jonas ericson city of stockholm environment & health...

Clean VehiclesPossibilities and Barriers

Jonas Ericson

City of StockholmEnvironment & Health department

Jonas.Ericson@miljo.stockholm.se

M I L J Ö I L A R i S t o c k h o l m

The Problem

0

500

1000

1500

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060

Global energy scenario exajoules

Copyright- Shell International Petroleum

Surprise Geothermic Sun Biomass Wind Nuclear Hydropower Other gases Oil & natural gas Coal Wood

+2% per.år.

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The Solution?

The ultimate Clean vehicle?

The vehicles are here!

More than 75 vehicle models of different types

and fuels in EU

The fuels are here

•Ethanol •Biogas•Biodiesel•CNG

Substitution potential today

30 %

Potential tomorrow60-70 %

Hybrid technology potential

30 %

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The Chicken & EggDilemma

No vehicles

No buyersNo fuelling

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Who’s Problem?

• Neutral informationNeutral information

• Vehicle ownersVehicle owners• Buyers of Buyers of transportstransports• IncentivesIncentives

• InfrastructureInfrastructure

CITIES AND REGIONSCITIES AND REGIONS

• Fuel producerFuel producer

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The AFV development chain

Municipalfleet

1-2 models1 fuel stn

Companyfleets

+ 1-2 models+1-2 fuel stn

Privatecompanies

Many modelsFull fuelling infrastructure

Privatecitizens

AFV like any other choice

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Market introduction of new technologyMarket introduction of new technology

early adopters

most buyers

late adopters

mar

ket

siz

e

time

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Support needed

5 %

Stockholm• Bus fleet on

ethanol & biogas

• Waste trucks on biogas

• City fleet on biogas, ethanol & hybrid

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The Barriers

High costs

Increase the market!Buy many! = co-operate!

Clean vehicles are expensive• Technology development• Educate sellers• Educate maintenance• Spare part chain + SMALL market

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Joint procurement

Electric vehicles in Zeus - 500 Ford Focus Ethanol - 3 000 Clean vehicles in Trendsetter

5 000

•Introduction on market •10-50 % Lower price•Doubling fuel stations

Greening transportation

by procuring:

Clean Vehicles Entrepreneurs working for

the public– transport services for the

municipality– public transport– waste collection– taxis driving for the public

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• Biogas : 7 + 5 • Ethanol : 26 + 6• Fast charging : 6• Normal charging : 40

Fuelling

No congestion charges No/Reduced parking fees Green procurement Test fleet Taxi priority Subsidies for special vehicles Tax discounts on fuels & cars

Permission to use bus lanes Access to restricted areas Designated parking spaces

Incentives

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Information

Campaigns Demonstration events Advertising Newspapers, TV Web Telephone advise

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The national level

Long term (8-12 years) tax reductions on alternative fuels

Long term tax reductions on vehicles Government procurement of alternative

fuelled vehicles Definition of alternative fuelled vehicles

– Free parking

– Free driving in congestion charging zone

– Other incentives

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The Results

Sold AFVs in Stockholm

0,0%

1,0%

2,0%

3,0%

4,0%

5,0%

6,0%

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Mar

ket s

hare

(%)

Etanol

Biogas

El & hybrid

Prognosis by sellers

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Clean vehicles in Stockholm Jan 2005

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Ethanol

Heavy etanol

Heavy biogas

Biogas

Hybrids

Electric

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225 + 160

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Conclusions

• Cities and regions can set off the development - today!

• Use yor procurement power - require transport services to be clean

• Increase your procurement power - cooperate!

The Future

Bioethanol for Sustainable Transport

• 10 000 vehicles

• 10 cities

• 150 fuelling stations

• Improved production

BIOGAS as vehicle fuel - MArket eXpansion to 2020

• Biogas production in 6 cities

• Biogas Highway

• 25 000 vehicles

New and Innovative Concepts for Helping European transport Sustainability

What?Gather best practise and extract the essenceAssess the transferabilitySpread the word

Non-polluting & energy efficient vehicles Policy strategy to deploy private AFVs Biogas in captive fleets Joint procurement of AFVs

www.niches-transport.org

If you are looking for cleanroad transporation…

- Listen to interesting speakers - Discuss possible solutions- Try new technique- Meet:

• producers• buyers• users • decision makers

Stockholm 8-10 november

For up-to-date information, visit www.cleanvehicles.net

Miljöbilar i Sthlm

Environmental performance of alternative fuels (LCA)

BioDiesel

LPG

CNG

Global effect (C02)

LocalEmissions(NOx, HC, PM)

Source: Miljöfaktabok för bränslen, IVL Svenska miljöinstitutet 2001

Diesel

Petrol

Ethanol

Electric

Electric hybrid

Fuel Cell

Biogas

Biogas potentials as % of all vehicle fuel(conventional organic waste, use of currently set-aside land, assumed 8 % of annual forest growth)

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0

United Kingdom

Sweden

Spain

Portugal

Netherlands

Luxemburg

Italy

Ireland

Greece

Germany

France

Finland

Denmark

Belgium

Austria

waste

set-aside

forest

A summary of EU-15 biogas potential(Eurostat base data, plus certain assumptions) country waste set-aside forest total total total

biogas biogas biogas biogas trspt. fuel biogaspot. TWh pot. TWh pot.

TWhpot. TWh TWh pot. %

Austria 8,0 2,3 6,8 17,1 67,5 25,3Belgium 10,0 1,1 1,2 12,3 90,7 13,6Denmark 5,3 8,1 0,8 14,3 43,0 33,2Finland 5,2 3,6 17,9 26,7 43,0 62,0France 59,0 56,2 22,4 137,6 493,1 27,9Germany 82,0 42,1 22,2 146,3 653,6 22,4Greece 11,0 0,5 0,9 12,4 61,6 20,2Ireland 3,8 1,5 0,8 6,2 37,2 16,6Italy 58,0 3,7 7,7 69,5 426,8 16,3Luxemburg 0,4 0,1 0,2 0,6 17,4 3,5Netherlands 16,0 0,9 0,7 17,6 111,6 15,8Portugal 10,0 0,7 3,6 14,4 65,1 22,1Spain 40,0 24,9 7,2 72,1 303,5 23,8Sweden 8,9 8,1 23,0 40,0 73,3 54,5UK 59,0 33,9 3,7 96,6 445,4 21,7EU-15 376,6 187,8 119,2 683,6 2933,1 23,3