colon. 1.5-1.8 meter long parts appendix caecum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon...
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Colon
Colon
1.5-1.8 meter long Parts
Appendix Caecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anal Canal
Function of Large Intestine
Absorption of water,salt Microorganism synthesize vit K Stores faeces
Function of Large Intestine
Mass movement -20 or more times to propel faeces towards anus
Defaecation reflex Involves local and parasympathetic reflex Local reflex - weak contraction Parasympathetic reflex – strong contraction
Effects of aging on the digestive system
Wall becomes thin
Blood supply decreases
Smooth cell decrease
Secretion decrease
Dental enamel thins
Gingiva exposed
Healing decrease following injury
Liver detoxification decrease
Phagocytosis decrease
Storage decrease
Change in eating habits
Increase infection Ulceration Susceptible to
cancer Loss of teeth Unable to chew and
sensitive teeth
Disorders of the digestive tract Stomach
Vomiting Ulcer
Liver Cirrhosis Hepatitis A B C Gallstone and jaundice
Pancreas Diabetes mellitus Cystic fibrosis
Intestine IBD IBS Malabsorption
Infection of the digestive tract Staphylococcal Salmonellosis Thyphoid Cholera Giardiasis Pinworm Tapeworm Hookworm Roundworm
Diarrhoea Dysentry Constipation
Vomiting
Reflex Starts with irritation in the
stomach Visceral nerves to the
vomiting center in the medulla From the center thru the
vagus nerve Deep breath taken – hyoid
and larynx is closed by the soft palate – abdominal and diaphragm contracts – stomach contents expelled while the lower oesophagela sphincter is relaxed
Ulcer
Causes H.Pylori,stress,diet,smoking,alcohol,excess acid
secretion, pain killers Recurrence is common especially those from
bacterial infection and poor dietary restriction
Peptic Ulcer Duodenal Ulcer Gastric Ulcer
- acid base difference
Liver
LiverCirrhosis
Hepatitis A – Faeco-oral transmission
Hepatitis B – transmitted thru blood or bodily fluids
Hepatitis C – transmitted thru injection-drug addicts
B AND C leads to cirrhosis and cancer
Pancreas
Diabetes mellitus lack of insulin no effect to insulin
Cystic Fibrosis Hereditary disorder Defective chloride channel Ducts blocked with viscid fluid Decrease absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins Night blindness, skin disorders,rickets and bleeding disorder
Intestine IBD
Infective,autoimmune or hereditary in origin Crohn or ulcerative collitis Causes inflammation of the intestine Treatment - anti inflammation, surgery
IBS Unknown cause Constipation and diarrhoea Psychosomatic disorder Treatment – counseling and stress management, change diet,
drugs to modulate motility
Infection of the intestinal tract
Malabsorption syndrome Abnormal absorption Types
Gluten - protein in grains Tropical – caused by bacteria
Infection of the intestinal tract Bacteria
Staphylococcal Salmonella Vibrio cholera
Protozoan Giadia lamblia
Helminths Pinworm Hookworm Roundworm Tapeworm
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