commercial aviation safety initiatives an ifa workshop 15 november 2004 frank fickeisen
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Commercial Aviation Safety Initiatives
An IFA Workshop15 November 2004
Frank Fickeisen
2
The Commercial Aviation Safety Initiatives Chart
• A global view of safety initiatives is provided by a very large chart
• Despite the large size of the chart used in this workshop it does NOT give coverage to a number of significant initiatives
3
The Chart
• The Chart has about 10,000 words
• It is quite difficult to read from distances greater than 4 ft.
12 ft
3 ft
4
The Chart
The Chart is a matrix with 20 columns and 7 + 1 = 8 rows
5
The Chart• There is one column for each of 20 Significant Safety Programs/Initiatives
8 rows
FO
QA
-AR
C
CO
SP
CA
ST
CP
S
GA
IN
JSS
I
EA
PA
S
AT
SR
AC
FS
F
AS
AP
-AR
C
OE
P
RT
CA
ICA
O
Av
SP
AR
AC
AR
INC
an
d
AE
EC
SA
E
H.F
.
FA
A-J
AA
Har
mo
niz
atio
n
IAT
A
6
The 8 Rows
20 Columns
1. Program Title
2. Upper Mgmt/Oversight
3. Team Structure
4. Objectives/Charter
5. Required Information
6. Work Progression and Details
7. Work Resultsa.To Dateb.Planned
8. The Purpose of the Chart
7
Row 8 Indicates One Main Purpose of the Chart
•The title of row 8 is:
Inter-Program Coordination Possibilities for Program:
- Integration
- Coordination
- Information Sharing
8
A Second Main Purpose of the Chart
• Information provided, and interrelationships identified, can be used by individual Commercial Aviation Organizations to make decisions on expenditure of valuable safety resources:
• Talent
• Time
• Financial
9
The Chart
• Reduced to 8-1/2 x 11 format
• Difficult to read
10
The Chart – Some Background Information
• The Chart was started Sept. 2002
• To date the Chart has required considerable manpower:
• Development manhours 205 hrs as of 3-10-03
• Graphics (IT) manhours 67 hrs as of 3-10-03
• In addition to the above, the CAST-JIMDAT Committee has made significant contributions, ___ manhours.
11
Comments and Suggestions Resulting from Review of the Chart
• The comments and suggestions that follow are those of the Chart preparer.
• It is expected that several individuals who study or use the chart will need to modify, or expand, or even replace, the comments and suggestions provided here.
12
Comment 1 – Overview of Safety Programs/Initiatives
• There are a large number of safety programs/initiatives.
• Safety managers of certification authorities and industry should benefit from the existence of a device to see the broad picture of all reasonably significant programs/initiatives.
• The Chart is one way, but not the only way, to provide such a broad picture.
13
Comment 1 – Overview of Safety Programs/Initiatives (continued)
• The Chart could be replaced or supplemented by a regularly updated document listing all reasonably active safety initiatives. Each listed initiative would be described in one or two pages. These pages would cover: Initiative title, initiative management/ oversight, structure of initiative team(s), objectives/charter of work progression and details, work results (to date and planned)
14
Comment 1 – Overview of Safety Programs/Initiatives (continued)
• An advantage of a document approach would be that it could cover many initiatives not identified by the chart:
• Non U.S. Initiatives
• Pilot association initiatives
• Maintenance organization initiatives
15
Comment 2 – Management of the Full Spectrums of Safety Programs/Initiatives
• Safety managers of certification authorities and industry could use the Chart as one management device.
• Management activities relative to program charters/objectives could include:
• Direction to, or suggestion that selected new programs be formulated and initiated.
• Direction to, or suggestion that, some existing programs be consolidated
• Direction to, or suggestion that, better communication paths be established between certain programs or elements of programs
16
Comment 2 – Management of the Full Spectrums of Safety Programs/Initiatives
(continued)
• Management activities relative to resources required/available could include:
• Review of the resource needs of each of the programs from individual organizations providing significant programs contributions
• Review of the total resource needs of all of the programs from individual organizations providing significant contributions.
• Comparison of total resource needs to total resources currently available.
• Ultimately, management activities could include:
• Direction to, or suggestions that, certain existing programs be restructured.
17
Comment 3 – Prioritization of Management Actions that may be Suggested by the Chart
• When review of the Chart or an equivalent document suggests several possible management actions a prioritization of the possible actions may be necessary.
• A CAST type process may be used to provide appropriate priority suggestions.
18
Comment 4 – A Recognition of the Complexity of Management Actions that may be
Suggested by the Chart
Review of Chart:
• Add programs
• Consolidate programs
• Improve communication paths
• Total resources and individual resources available compared to needs
• Eliminate programs
Cost considerations
Managementdecisions
Organizationalconsiderations
Cost and organizational considerations cannot
be addressed here
Actions
Prioritiza-tion of
possible actions
19
Comment 5 – Human Factors Issues
• Most of the 20 Safety programs/initiatives consider human factors elements (some direct, some indirect but significant). It is suggested that these human factors elements remain on the chart.
• In addition it may be desirable to construct an overview (separate chart or an equivalent document) just for human factors items.
20
Comment 6 – Air Traffic Management (ATM) Issues
• A few of the 20 safety programs/initiatives considered by the Chart address ATM issues.
• There are a number of ATM safety programs/initiatives not included. Should these be added to the chart? Please see the Operations Evolution Program (OEP) column.
21
Comment 7 – Non U.S. Safety Programs/Initiatives
• The Chart addresses these via the JSSI column, the FAA-JAA Harmonization column and the FAA-JAA portion of the Human Factors column.
• Expansion to include other non-U.S. initiatives should be considered.
22
Further Development of the Chart
• Reviews of the Chart may lead to suggested revisions (details or general approach).
• To the extent possible, and considering resources available, such suggestions will be accommodated.
23
A Possible Use of the Chart to Locate Program Coordination Opportunities A Certification Methods and Tools Example
SAE• ARP 4754 Certification Considerations
for Highly Integrated or Complex Aircraft Systems
• ARP 4761 Guidelines and Methods for Conducting Safety Assessment Processes on Systems and Equipment
• AIR 5109 Applications of Probabilistic Methods
• AIR 5022Reliability and Safety Process Integration
• AIR4086 Perceptions and Limitations Inhibiting the Application of Probabilistic Methods
Certification Methods and Tools
3-4-03 SPC-003
AEEC
NASA AVSP• Integrated Critical and Non-Critical
System Architecture (NASA AVSP Future Programs)
• Fault-Tolerant Modular Electronics (NASA AVSP Future Programs)
• Fast Time Simulation of System-Wide Risks (NASA AVSP Future Programs)
Harmonization• System Design and
Analysis (25.1309)(FAA-JAA Harmonization Program)
ARAC
• System Design and Analysis and Tech Update (See 25.1309 and 25.1301)
CPS• Develop an AC to Require More
Conservative Approaches When Short Failure Paths Exist (2 or 3 failures) and Economic Alternatives are Available (CPS Response Team)
• Define Methods to Define Critical Safety Features and Necessary Assumptions (CPS Response Team IA)
GAIN
• Foster the Use of Existing Analytical Methods and Tools and Develop New Methods and Tools.
• ARINC 429 Data Bus Standards• ARINC 629 Data Bus Standards • System Architecture and
Interfaces
24
A Possible Use of the Chart to Locate Program Coordination Opportunities
A Maintenance Example
CPS
AEECI.D. Define “safety related communications & define process for ensuring that appropriate communications take place between OEMs and operators on safety recommendations related to maintenance
(Future Concepts for Maintenance Subcommittee)
• Electronic distribution of software
• Field loadable software• Levels of avionic
maintenance• Tooling and testing
equivalency
Replacement and modified brakes and wheels
SAE
Maintenance
3-6-03 SPC-006
CAST
ALAR Maintenance: Subcontractor guidance, MEL policy and DOS Survey (18, 19, 20)
17.ALAR Maintenance: (landing struts)
25.ALAR Design Critical Maintenance
EAPAS
3. Enhance Airplane Maintenance to better address aging airplane systems
ATSRAC
• Define attributes of training programs (repair and inspection)
• Enhanced training programs for wiring system
ICAO
Human Factors Digest #12. Human factors in aircraft maintenance and inspection
25
A Possible Use of the Chart to Locate Program Coordination Opportunities
An Icing Example
SAEARAC
Aircraft Icing Directory, ARD 50066
Design and Operation of Aircraft Deicing Facilities, ARP 4902
Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing methods and fluids ARP 4737
Minimum Operational Performance Spec for In-flight Ice Detection Systems
Flight Characteristics in Icing Conditions (25.1419)
Appendix C to Part 25, Ice Protection – Several Tasks
Flight in Icing Conditions – (a principal harmonization activity)
FAA-JAA Harmonization
Icing, Ice Detection, Deicing, Flight in Icing Conditions
3-5-03 SPC-002
Minimum Operational Performance Spec for Ground Ice Detection Systems AS 5116
Characterization of Aircraft Icing Conditions AIR 5396
26
A Possible Use of the Chart to Locate Program Coordination Opportunities
A Human Factors Example
12 International Safety
Organizations
ICAO
Human Factors Items:• Flight Crew Training• Maintenance Training
• Cabin Attendant Training
• Design and Analysis
3-4-03 SPC-004
FAA
NASA
FAA Human Factors Team (Report of 9/25/02)
DOD
• RTCA• CAST• CPS• FSF• EAPAS
• ARAC• FAA-JAA• SAE• ATSRAC• AEEC
Please see the “Human Factors Example” chart for details
27
Should the Chart Be a One-Time or On-Going Safety Initiative Overview
• Either one-time or on-going can be useful to safety managers
• An on-going approach requires some resources and an assigned organization
• On-going allows inspection of newly proposed safety initiatives
28
Should the Chart Be a One-Time or On-Going Safety Initiative Overview (cont’d)
• Recent Examples
A. NTSB/SAE Symposium on CVRs and FDRs (June 03)
• This symposium will address
1. State of the art in accident recorder technology
2. Accident recorder survivability/crashworthiness requirements
3. Video/imaging recorder technology
4. Data privacy issues
5. Acquiring data during regular commercial operations
6. Proactive use of data in commercial operations to prevent accidents and improve efficiency
• Please note several items on The Chart related to (4) and (6) above
29
Should the Chart Be a One-Time or On-Going Safety Initiative Overview (cont’d)
• Recent Examples (continued)
B. On-going programs to assess flight crew fatigue
• The UKCAA/Qineti Q program, and
• The Civil Aviation Authority of Australia/Qantas/AIPA program (3 years starting in 2003)
C. On-going programs to assess safety contributions and costs (initial and continuing) of fuel tank inerting systems.
• Should FAA/NTSB/US Industry participate in the UK or Australia work?
30
Conclusion
1. The purpose of this workshop has been to encourage all participants in Commercial Aviation Safety Initiatives to develop a very broad view of ALL initiatives.
2. A broad view of ALL initiatives should allow organizations to make best use of their valuable technical resources
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