conquest of the new world. terms to know from this lecture: black legend conquistador cacique...
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TERMS TO KNOW FROM THIS LECTURE: Black Legend
Conquistador
Cacique
Hernán Cortes
Bartolome de las Casas
Taino
RequerimientoEncomenderoPanfilo de NarvaezCabeza de VacaHernando de SotoMabilaImperiumAnacaona
OPENING THE SOUTH ATLANTIC Portugal firmly established itself within Africa by the 1440s
There they traded for gold, ivory, and African slaves to work new sugar plantations throughout the Mediterranean
European expansion into the Atlantic led to a 400% growth for the economy in just five years.
CARIBBEAN
Encountered the Taino in 1492 and established an alliance with the most powerful chief or cacique, Guacanagari
Described them as a generous and kind people
LATER VOYAGES
Things fell apart as violence becomes the mode of interaction
Bartolome Columbus (brother)
1498- 300 Indian slaves sent to Castile
LADY ANACAONA
1503, Anacaona the last leader of the Taino at the province of Xaragua
In less than 2 decades war and forced labor devastated the Taino
CONQUEST
Puerto Rico, 1507, established settlements and assigned encomiendas
Cuba, 1511, 330 conquistadores arrive
1509-1514 handful of pigs in Cuba are now 30,000
7 Myths of Spanish Conquest
The Myth of the Exceptional Men
The Myth of the Kings Army
The Myth of the White Conquistador
The Myth of Completion
The Myth of (Mis)Communication
The Myth of Native Desolation
The Myth of Superiority
RECONQUISTA-REPARTIMIENTO
Repartimiento- A system of tribute that was tantamount to Indian slavery
1502, Nicolas Ovando, first real governor of the Indies arrives in Santo Domingo with strict instructions from the King and Queen “You will see to it that the Indians are well treated, that they may go safely throughout the land, and that no one may use force against them, or rob them, or do any other evil or harm to them...”
REQUIRIMIENTO IMPLEMENTED
To be read to all Indians encountered
Contained a brief history of the world
Explained the Papal donation of the Indies to Spain (in the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494)
Natives were then required to accept the two conditions noted within.
If they did not comply, slavery would commence
Encomienda – land and people given by the Spanish Crown to those who aided in colonization (conquistadors). The minerals below the ground belonged to the crown though.
Repartimiento – the people (Indians) living on the encomienda and their labor was to be owned by the encomendero. In exchange the encomendero was to take care of the spiritual needs of the people.
CUBA1511-1514
Spaniard conquer Cuba. Diego Velázquez is the first governor. Plans begin to expand exploration.
1511
Father Jeronimo de Aguilar is ship wrecked after striking the shoals of Jamaica and lands on the Yucatán. He and others are taken captive.
He learns the Chontal Mayan language.
1517
A first attempt to reach Mexico. The expedition lands on the Yucatán peninsula and is attacked and forced to return to Cuba, unsuccessful.
1518
Grijalva mounts an expedition and finds pyramids and evidence of human sacrifice.
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