CONQUEST OF THE NEW WORLD

TERMS TO KNOW FROM THIS LECTURE: Black Legend

Conquistador

Cacique

Hernán Cortes

Bartolome de las Casas

Taino

RequerimientoEncomenderoPanfilo de NarvaezCabeza de VacaHernando de SotoMabilaImperiumAnacaona

PTOLOMY’S MAP

MARTIN WALDSEEMULLER1507

OPENING THE SOUTH ATLANTIC Portugal firmly established itself within Africa by the 1440s

There they traded for gold, ivory, and African slaves to work new sugar plantations throughout the Mediterranean

European expansion into the Atlantic led to a 400% growth for the economy in just five years.

1ST VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

CARIBBEAN

Encountered the Taino in 1492 and established an alliance with the most powerful chief or cacique, Guacanagari

Described them as a generous and kind people

2ND VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS1493-1496

LATER VOYAGES

Things fell apart as violence becomes the mode of interaction

Bartolome Columbus (brother)

1498- 300 Indian slaves sent to Castile

3RD VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS1498-1500

4TH VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS1502-1504

LADY ANACAONA

1503, Anacaona the last leader of the Taino at the province of Xaragua

In less than 2 decades war and forced labor devastated the Taino

CONQUEST

Puerto Rico, 1507, established settlements and assigned encomiendas

Cuba, 1511, 330 conquistadores arrive

1509-1514 handful of pigs in Cuba are now 30,000

PONCE DE LEON

March 28, 1513 arrives on Easter Day, Pascua Florida

TREATY OF TORDESILLA

ENCOUNTER

Spanish Inquisition "missionaries" putting the

Bull of Borgia into effect in the New World!!

ENCOMENDERO

THE BLACK LEGEND

GUAMAN POMA DE AYALA, "THE PUNISHMENTS DELIVERED BY THE CORREGIDOR DE MINAS" (1615)

BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS

DEVASTATION OF THE INDIES

SMALL POX AND THE BIOLOGICAL CONQUEST OF THE NEW WORLD

7 Myths of Spanish Conquest

The Myth of the Exceptional Men

The Myth of the Kings Army

The Myth of the White Conquistador

The Myth of Completion

The Myth of (Mis)Communication

The Myth of Native Desolation

The Myth of Superiority

REQUERIMIENTO

RECONQUISTA-REPARTIMIENTO

Repartimiento- A system of tribute that was tantamount to Indian slavery

1502, Nicolas Ovando, first real governor of the Indies arrives in Santo Domingo with strict instructions from the King and Queen “You will see to it that the Indians are well treated, that they may go safely throughout the land, and that no one may use force against them, or rob them, or do any other evil or harm to them...”

REQUIRIMIENTO IMPLEMENTED

To be read to all Indians encountered

Contained a brief history of the world

Explained the Papal donation of the Indies to Spain (in the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494)

Natives were then required to accept the two conditions noted within.

If they did not comply, slavery would commence

Encomienda – land and people given by the Spanish Crown to those who aided in colonization (conquistadors). The minerals below the ground belonged to the crown though.

Repartimiento – the people (Indians) living on the encomienda and their labor was to be owned by the encomendero. In exchange the encomendero was to take care of the spiritual needs of the people.

CUBA1511-1514

Spaniard conquer Cuba. Diego Velázquez is the first governor. Plans begin to expand exploration.

1511

Father Jeronimo de Aguilar is ship wrecked after striking the shoals of Jamaica and lands on the Yucatán. He and others are taken captive.

He learns the Chontal Mayan language.

1517

A first attempt to reach Mexico. The expedition lands on the Yucatán peninsula and is attacked and forced to return to Cuba, unsuccessful.

1518

Grijalva mounts an expedition and finds pyramids and evidence of human sacrifice.