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Acknowledgements xIntroduction xi
1 Language units
Unit 1 Myself and others ¿hônNB’Gh ÉfCG 2
Talking about yourself ∂°ùØnf øY ºq∏µàdG 2
Asking others øjônNB’G ∫GDƒo°ù 4
Talking about nationality áq«°ùæp÷G øY ºq∏µàdG 5
Greetings äÉq«ënàdG 6
Conversation áKOÉÙG 8
My family »à∏pFÉY 10
REVIEW: Pronouns ôFɪ°n†dG 11
Describing character áq«°üîn°ûdG øY ºq∏µàdG 12
Talking about childhood ádƒØo£dG øY ºq∏µàdG 14
The Arab World... A look at Egypt 16ô°üe ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...
q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 1 18
Unit 2 House and home â«ÑdGh QGódG 20
Talking about rooms ±nôo¨dG øY ºq∏µàdG 20
Describing your home ∂dpõæne ∞°Uh 22
Conversation áKOÉÙG 25
REVIEW: The plural ™ªn÷G 26
Adjectives and plurals ™ªn÷Gh áØ°üdG 30
For rent QÉéjEÓd 32
Contents
iv
The Arab World... A look at Saudi 34áqjOƒ©°ùdG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...
q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 2 36
Unit 3 Work and routine IOÉ©dGh πnªn©dG 38
Talking about work πª©dG øY ºq∏µàdG 38
A day in the life of… ...IÉ«M ‘ Ωƒj 42
Talking about housework áq«dõæŸG ∫ɪYC’G øY ºq∏µàdG 45
Talking about your CV (resumé) á«JGòdG ∂JnÒ°S øY ºq∏µàdG 46
Conversation áKOÉÙG 78
REVIEW: Present verbs pQÉ°†oŸG 48
Situations vacant IôZÉ°û ∞FÉXh 51
The Arab World... A look at Syria 52ÉjQƒ°S ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...
q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 3 54
Unit 4 Sport and leisure ¬«aÎdGh á°VÉjôdG 56
Talking about sport á°VÉjpôdG øY ºq∏µàdG 56
Talking about preferences π«°†ØnàdG øY ºq∏µàdG 58
REVIEW: Verbal nouns & participles 62¬H ∫ƒ©ØnŸGh πYÉØdGh Qó°ünŸG
Talking about free time ÆGôØdG âbnh øY ºq∏µàdG 64
Talking about going out êhôÿG øY ºq∏µàdG 66
Conversation áKOÉÙG 67
The Arab World... A look at Morocco 70Üpô¨nŸG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...
q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 4 72
Unit 5 Travel and tourism áMÉ«°pùdGh ônØn°ùdG 74
Around town áæjóŸG ∫ƒnM 74
Conversation áKOÉÙG 78
Means of transportation π≤ædG πFÉ°Snh 78
Contents v
Travel in the Arab World q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG »a ôØ°ùdG 81
REVIEW: Past verbs »°VÉŸG π©ØdG 82
Sohair’s blog Ò¡o°S áfshnóoe 84
Describing the past »°VÉŸG ∞°Uƒ 86
Letter of complaint ÜÉ£N ‘ iƒµ°T 87
The Arab World... A look at Tunisia 88¢ùfƒJ ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...
q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 5 90
Unit 6 Food and cooking ïÑn£dGh ΩÉ©£dG 92
Talking about food ΩÉ©£dG øY ºq∏µàdG 92
Talking about measure á«qªnµdG øY ºq∏µàdG 94
At the greengrocer q…ô°†ÿG óæY 96
Conversation áKOÉÙG 97
Reserving the table IóFÉŸG õénM 98
Conversation áKOÉÙG 99
In the restaurant º©£ŸG »`a 99
REVIEW: Forms of the verb ójõnŸG π©ØdG 102
The month of Ramadan ¿É°†eQ ô¡°T 104
The Arab World... A look at Lebanon 106¿ÉæÑd ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...
q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 6 108
Unit 7 Review á©LGôªdG 110
Conversation áKOÉÙG 113
Vocabulary in Unit 7 117
Unit 8 Clothes and colours ¿GƒdC’Gh ¢ùHÓŸG 118
Talking about clothes ¢ùHÓŸG øY ºq∏µàdG 118
Describing the outfit q…õdG ∞°Unh 120
Describing colour ¿ƒ∏dG ∞°Uh 122
At the clothes shop ¢ùHÓŸG qπfi »a 124
vi Contents
Contents vii
Conversation áKOÉÙG 125
At the wedding party ±ÉanõdG á∏ØM »`a 126
REVIEW: Doubled verbs ∞nYÉ°†oŸG π©ØdG 129
The clothes show AÉjRC’G ¢VôY 130
The Arab World... A look at Iraq 132¥Gô©dG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...
q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 8 134
Unit 9 Education and training ÖjQóàdGh º«∏©àdG 136
School and university á©eÉ÷Gh á°SQóŸG 136
Talking about subjects qOGƒnŸG øY ºq∏µàdG 139
Conversation áKOÉÙG 139
¢S/Q/O and Ω/∫/´ 140
Munira asks for advice áë«°üf Ö∏£J IÒæe 141
REVIEW: Weak verbs qπnà©oŸG π©ØdG 142
In the examination hall äÉfÉëàe’G ádÉ°U »`a 144
Giving instructions ôeGhC’G QGó°UEG 145
The Arab World... A look at Algeria 150ôFGõ÷G ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...
q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 9 152
Unit 10 News and media ΩÓYE’G πpFÉ°Shh QÉÑNC’G 154
Talking about the news QÉÑNC’G øY ºq∏µàdG 154
Broadcasting áYGPE’G 157
REVIEW: Formal Arabic ≈ë°üØdG 159
Arabic on the Worldwide Web áq«ŸÉ©dG áµnÑn°ûdG ≈∏Y áq«Hô©dG 162
Comparing media ΩÓYE’G πFÉ°Sh áfQÉ≤e 162
The King’s speech ∂∏ŸG ÜÉ£N 164
The Arab World... A look at the Gulf and Yemen 166øª«dGh è«∏ÿG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...
q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 10 168
Unit 11 Climate and the environment áÄ«ÑdGh ñÉæŸG 170
Talking about weather and climate ñÉæŸGh ¢ù≤£dG øY ºq∏µàdG 170
Holiday plans á∏£o©dG §n£pN 174
REVIEW: The future πÑ≤à°ùŸG 175
Talking about possibilities ä’ɪàM’G øY ºq∏µàdG 176
Al-Mustaqbal Beverages Company πÑ≤à°ùŸG äÉHhô°ûe ácô°T 178
Talking about processes äGAGôL’G øY ºq∏µàdG 179
Conversation áKOÉÙG 180
The Arab World... A look at Libya 182É«Ñ«d ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...
q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 11 184
Unit 12 Health and happiness IOÉ©°ùdGh áqë°üdG 186
Talking about the body º°ù÷G øY ºq∏µàdG 186
Talking about illness ¢VôŸG øY ºq∏µàdG 188
At the pharmacy áq«dnó«n°üdG »a 189
Conversation áKOÉÙG 191
Talking about health áqë°üdG øY ºq∏µàdG 192
Abdul Aziz asks for advice áë«°üf Ö∏£j õjõ©dG óÑY 195
The Arab World... A look at Sudan 198¿GOƒ°ùdG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...
q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 12 200
Unit 13 Arts and cinema ɪ櫰ùdGh ¿ƒæoØdG 202
Talking about culture áaÉ≤ãdG øY ºq∏µàdG 202
Conversation áKOÉÙG 205
Film genres ΩÓaC’G ´GƒfCG 206
Talking about past habits »°VÉŸG äGOÉY øY ºq∏µàdG 176
Reviewing ó≤ædG 210
The Arab World... A look at Jordan and Palestine 214Ú£°ù∏ah q¿OQC’G ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...
q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 13 216
viii Contents
Unit 14 Review á©LGôªdG 218
Conversation áKOÉÙG 220
Vocabulary in Unit 14 224
Suggestions for further study 225
2 Reference materialAnswers to exercises 226
English–Arabic glossary 281
Grammar index 298
Contents ix
Talking about rooms ±nôo¨dG øY ºq∏µàdGLook at the illustration below while you listen to the recording.
House and homeâ«ÑdGh QGódG
.QGódG nπÑnb QÉ÷G
The neighbour before the house[hold]. (Arabic proverb)
2unit
≤
ádÉ°U hall
á°û«© ne áaô oZ living roomIôØ°oS dining room
ïnÑ£ ne kitchen
á≤jó nM gardenêGô nL garage
Ωƒnf áaô oZ bedroom
áaôo°T balcony
ΩÉqªnM bathroom
í£°nS roof
ºqn∏°oS stairs
√É«pe IQhnO toilet
≥HÉ£dG
q»°VQC’Gground floor
≥HÉ£dG∫qhC’G
first floor
20
Tip: á°û«©ne áaôoZ (living room) can also be called ¢Sƒ∏oL áaôoZ (sitting room).
Exercise 1 1 øjô“An estate agent is showing you around an apartment. Put the places inthe order that he shows them, as in the example.
¢Sƒ∏L áaôZ 1 ádÉ°U ïÑ£e ΩÉqªM áaô°T Ωƒf áaôZ á≤jóM IôØ°S
Exercise 2 2 øjô“Do you remember these items you can find in or around a house? Match the English with the Arabic.
a bed áfGõN 1b car ôJƒ«Ñªc 2c chair ônén°T 3 d clock IóFÉe 4 e cupboard/wardrobe Öàµe 5 f desk ¿ƒjõØ«∏J 6g picture IQƒ°U 7 h table áYÉ°S 8 i television ôjô°S 9j bicycle IQÉq«°S 10k computer q»°Sôc 11 l trees áLGqQO 12
Here are some more useful words for items around the house:
House and home 21
≤
ôFÉà°S (sat’ir) curtains
OÉqé°S (sajjd) carpets
IBGôe (mir’t) mirror
ó©°üe (miß ad) lift/elevator
ádÉ°qùZ (ghassla) washing machine
¢VƒM (˛aw∂) sink
¢TO (dush) shower
Ö°ûY ( ushb) grass/plants
OQh (ward) flowers
áµjQCG/áÑæc (kanaba/arıka) sofa
áLqÓK (thallja) fridge
¿ôa (furn) cooker
Describing your home ∂dpõæne ∞°UhHere are some adjectives you can use to describe your home:
22 Unit 2
åjóM (˛adıth) modern
q…ó«∏≤J (taqlıdıy) traditional
ÇOÉg (hdi’) quiet
ºMOõe (muzda˛im) crowded
™°SGh (wsi ) spacious
ôNÉa (fkhir) luxurious
§«°ùH (bası†) simple/basic
íjôe (murı˛) comfortable
Ö°SÉæe (munsib) suitable
q¢UÉN (khßß) private
q¢UÉN êGôL garj khßß (Private Garage)
Qɶàf’G ´ƒæ‡ kGƒØY afwan mamnü´ al-intiΩr (Sorry No Waiting)
Exercise 3 3 øjô“Use the vocabulary in the box on page 21 and in Exercise 2. Decide on themost likely place for each item, as in the example. (You can put an item inmore than one place and you do not need to include ó©°üe lift/elevator.)
/á≤jóMdGêGôLdG ïÑ£ŸG ΩÉqªMdG /IôØ°ùdG
¢Sƒ∏÷G áaôZ/ΩƒædG áaôZ
Öàµeôjô°S
House and home 23
Tip: There are many different words to describe dwellings in Arabic.Common words for ‘house’ or ‘home’ are â«Ñ (bayt), and QGO (dr) –familiar through place names such as Darussalaam (ΩÓ°ùdG QGO ‘house ofpeace’) and, less obviously, Bethlehem (º◊ â«H ‘house of meat’).Casablanca is a Spanish translation of the Arabic name AÉ°†«ÑdG QGódG
(ad-dr al-bay∂’), ‘the white house’ – not to be confused with the USpresidential building which is translated as ¢†«HC’G â«ÑdG (al-bayt al-abya∂).
Other terms for dwellings include ∫õæe (manzil, ‘place of staying’) andøµ°ùe (maskan, ‘place of residing’). áq≤°T (shaqqa, pl. shuqaq) refers to anapartment or flat, and IQɪY (´imra, pl. -t) to an apartment building.
Listen to Sherif describing where he lives.
… øe ¿qƒµàJ/¿qƒµàj ... ∑Éæg ]¢ù«d[
(yatakawwan/tatakawwan min) ([laysa] hunka)it (masc./fem.) consists of… there is, are [not]…
… ≈∏Y qπ£J/qπ£j … ónLƒJ/ónLƒj ]’[
(yu†ill/tu†ill al) ([l] yüjad/tüjad)it (masc./fem.) looks onto… … can[not] be found (masc./fem.)
øe ...`dG ≥HÉ£dG ‘ … É¡nd/o¬nd ]¢ù«d[
(fı†-†biq il… min) ([laysa] lahu/lah)on the … floor of it (masc./fem.) has [doesn’t have]…
GCfÉ GS°ª» T°ôj∞ S°ôhQ hGCS°µø ‘
T°≤qá ‘ Gd£ÉH≥ GdôGH™ eø YpªÉQI
Mójãá. GE¿q T°≤qà» Hù°«£á hdµæq¡É
eôjëá. GCeqÉ Gdû°ÉQ´ a¡ƒ gÉOÇ hd«ù¢
gæÉ∑ S°«qÉQGä cãÒI.
Jnànµnƒs¿ T°≤qà» eø Zôaá fƒΩ, e£Ñï
U°¨Ò, Zôaá e©«û°á hMªqÉΩ hJƒLó
GCj†°Ék T°ôaá Jo£pπq Y∏≈ Mój≤á. Gdû°≤qá eØôhT°á Hù°àÉFô aÉNôI hS°éqÉO
J≤∏«ó…q. ’ jƒLó epü°©nó ‘ Gd©ªÉQI hdòd∂ a¡» eæÉS°Ñá d∏æû°«£Ú an≤n§!
≤
24 Unit 2
Exercise 4 4 øjô“Look back at the description of Sherif’s apartment on page 23 anddecide if these statements are true (4) or false (8).
ÉqeCG amm/∂dòd lidhlikThe description of Sherif’s apartment contains two more useful connectors:
.ÇOÉg ƒ¡a ´QÉ°ûdG ÉqeCG As for the street, it’s (amm sh-shri´ fa-huwa hdi’) quiet.
!§n≤naÚ£«°ûæ∏d áÑ°SÉæe »¡a ∂dòd For that reason it’s (lidhlik fa-hiya munsiba suitable for active
lin-nashı†ın faqa†) people only!
ÉqeCG (‘as for’) is used when you are moving on to a different aspect of thesame topic; ∂dòd (‘for that (reason)’) is used to connect cause and effect.Both are usually followed by `a (‘and so’).
Exercise 5 5 øjô“Rephrase these sentences using ... a ...ÉqeCG, as in the example.
1Gdû°≤qá‘ Gd£ÉH≥ GdôGH™.
2Gdù°éqÉOJ≤∏«ó…q.
3Gd©pªÉQIMójãá.
4Gdû°ôaáJo£pπq Y∏≈ Mój≤á.
5GŸ£ÑïU°¨Ò.
jù°µø T°ôj∞ ‘ YªÉQI bóÁá.
2Gdû°≤qá ‘ Gd£ÉH≥ GdãÉdå.
3G◊»q gÉOÇ.
4JƒLó Mój≤á HéÉfÖ Gd©ªÉQI.
5’ JƒLó S°ØôI ‘ Gdû°≤qá.
6Gdû°≤qá hGS°©á hcÑÒI.
7Jൃq¿ Gdû°≤qá eø ZôaànÚ he£ÑïhMªqÉΩ.
8GEfq¡É eØôhT°á HÉdù°àÉFô.
9Gdù°éqÉO J≤∏«ó…q.
01Gdû°≤qá eæÉS°Ñá d∏µÑÉQ ‘ Gdù°pøq.
GCeqÉ Gdû°≤qáa¡» ‘ Gd£ÉH≥ GdôGH™.
House and home 25
Describe your new apartment in the prompted audio conversation.Prepare the Arabic to describe these features:
• 3rd floor • spacious living room • small but modern kitchen
• no lift • 2 bathrooms • modern and comfortable
• large hall • 3 bedrooms • balcony overlooking street
Conversation áKOÉëª`dG ≤(
Exercise 6 6 øjô“Listen to Sherif tellingus who lives on theother floors of hisapartment block.Write the correctnames on the nameplates, as in theexample.
≤
†biq li-ghayr il-mudakhkhinın (floor for non-smokers)
REVIEW
The plural ™ªn÷GThere are three different methods of making words plural in Arabic andthese methods in turn have variations. This summary will help you toconsolidate your knowledge of how Arabic plurals are made.
You need to try and remember a word together with its plural.Gradually you will find that you get a more instinctive grasp of thepatterns and are able to ‘feel’ which plural might be right for aparticular word.
Sound (external) 1 Sound masculine plural (SMP) Ú``/¿ƒ`` (-ün/-ın) • Used almost exclusively with words referring to groups of people ofwhom at least one is male.
• Commonly used for nationalities, jobs, attributes derived from forms ofthe verb (beginning with `
oe mu-).
• ¿ƒ`` (-ün) is the ‘default’ ending in Standard Arabic. Ú`` (-ın) is used inparticular structures – see additional note on page 55.
(mursilün/-ın) Ú`/¿ƒ∏°SGôe correspondent (mursil) π°pSGôoe(muslimün/-ın) Ú`/¿ƒª∏°ùe Muslim (muslim) ºp∏°ùoe
(lubnnıyün/-ın) Ú`/¿ƒq«fÉæÑd Lebanese (lubnnıy) qÊÉæÑod2 Sound feminine plural (SFP) äG (-t) • Probably the most common Arabic plural. • Used for words referring to groups of people all of whom are female.
(mumarri∂t) äÉ°Vqô‡ nurse (fem.) (mumarri∂a) á°Vqô‡(mußrıyyt) äÉqjô°üe Egyptian (fem.) (mußrıyya) áqjô°üe
• Used for some other masculine and feminine non-human words,especially longer words derived from forms of the verb and importedwords of foreign origin.
(˛ammmt) äÉeÉqªM bathroom (˛ammm) ΩÉqªM
(ijtim t) äÉYɪàLG meeting (ijtim ) ´ÉªàLG
(tilıfizyünt) äÉfƒjõØ«∏J television (tilıfizyün) ¿ƒjõØ«∏J
Broken (internal) • Plural made by identifying the root of a word and changing internalvowel sounds (similar to English ‘goose/geese’ or ‘mouse/mice’).
• About twelve common different patterns, plus a few other less common.
• Patterns defined using root letters π©a (e.g. ΩÓbCG ‘pens’ = ∫É©aCG pattern).
€
€
€
€
€
€
€
€
26 REVIEW: The plural
REVIEW
• Broken plural is used with many words referring to non-humans:
(pattern = ∫É©aCG) (afrn) ¿GôaCG cooker (furn) ¿ôoa
(pattern = πn©oa) (ghuraf) ±nôoZ room (ghurfa) áaôoZ
(pattern = ∫ƒ©oa) (buyüt) 䃫oH house (bayt) â«H
(pattern = πo©oa) (kutub) Öoàoc book (kitb) ÜÉàc
(pattern = ∫É©pa) (diyr) QÉjO house/home (dr) QGO
(pattern = πpYÉØne) (maktib) ÖJɵe office/desk (maktab) Öàµe
• Broken plural can also be used with words referring to groups of males (inpreference to the SMP):
(pattern = ∫É©pa) (rijl) ∫ÉLpQ man (rajul) πoLnQ
(pattern = AÓn©oa) (wuzar’) AGQnRoh minister (wazır) ôjRnh
(pattern = ∫É©aCG) (a˛fd) OÉØMCG grandchild (˛afıd) ó«ØnM
Collective • Collective nouns are masculine singular but have a plural meaning.• Add I to make a feminine singular noun referring to one of the group.• Natural features that come in groups (plants, animals, etc.) are oftencollective nouns.
a cow (baqara) Iôn≤nH cows (baqar) ôn≤nHa tree (shajara) Iônén°T trees (shajar) ônén°T
• Other items that come in groups can be collective (e.g. carpets):
a carpet (sajjda) IOÉqé°S carpets (sajjd) OÉqé°S€
€
€
€
€
€
€
€
€
€
€
€
REVIEW: The plural 27
Plurals in the dictionary
Plurals are shown after the singular in the most popular English–Arabicdictionary (A Dictionary of Modern Arabic, Hans Wehr). Note that theentry above for ∞«¶f (clean) has alternative plurals. A few wordshave these alternatives; the most common is used in Mastering Arabic.
28 Unit 2
Exercise 7 7 øjô“(You will need a dictionary to complete this exercise.)Find the plurals of these words you have met in this unit, as in theexample. You could also try and guess at the plural before looking it up.
Now check your answers in the answer section before moving on.
Tip: In some spoken dialects you may only hear the Ú`` (-ın) ending forgroups of people , even when the group consists entirely of females. So Údƒ¨°ûe äÉæÑdG (al-bant mashgülın) could be used to mean ‘the girls are busy’, rather than the more grammatically correct ä’ƒ¨°ûe äÉæÑdG
(al-bant mashghült).
Gdµn∏ªá droWG÷nª™ larulPGŸn©æ≈ gninaeM
U°ƒQIU°oƒnQserutcip
KnÓqLá____________________________
en£Ñnï____________________________
MnƒV¢____________________________
T°oôaá____________________________
cªÑ«ƒJô____________________________
NnõGfá____________________________
WÉH≥____________________________
S°ôjô____________________________
House and home 29
Exercise 8 8 øjô“Listen to Samya describing where she lives and put a tick next to thefeatures of her home, as in the example.
apartment small house villa 4
garden garage view of sea
hall dining room two bathrooms
flowers trees grass
old couch mirrors desk
Exercise 9 9 øjô“Complete this description of Samya’s villa using the words in the box.
ádÉ°üdG óLƒj »°SGôc á≤jóM ¢ù«d ™°SGh ±nôoZ ¿qƒµàJ IójóL
Tip: RGô£H (bi-†irz) = in the style of
You can check your description by listening to Samya in Exercise 8 againand by looking at the Answers section.
Exercise 10 10 øjô“Now describe your home using the vocabulary and models you have metso far. Remember to vary the phrases you use and try to include some ofthe connecting words you have met.
GCb«º ‘ a«∏Óq ‘ eójæá`````````````````````bôjÑá eø Gd©ÉU°ªá. GdØ«∏Óq
J£πq Y∏≈ G÷ÑÉ∫ h`````````````````````eø U°Édá, Zôaá L∏ƒS¢, KÓç
````````````````````fƒΩ, e£Ñï````````````````````hMªqÉeÚ. GdØ«∏Ó d¡É```````````````````
NÉU°qá a«¡É T°éô d«ªƒ¿ hdµø````````````````````gæÉ∑ hQO GCh Yû°Ö.
Zôaá G÷∏ƒS¢ a«¡É`````````````````````eôjëá hGCQjµá bóÁá... gnópjá
eø GCeq» ... hhQGA G’CQjµá`````````````````````eµàÖ Y∏«¬ cªÑ«ƒJô ’Hæ».
GCeÉ `````````````````````a¡» H£ôGR J≤∏«ó…q.
≤
≤
30 Unit 2
Adjectives and plurals ™ªn÷Gh áØ°üdGThere is not really a grammatical difference between nouns andadjectives in Arabic. Adjectives such as active (§«°ûf nashı†) orpopular/loved (܃Ñfi ma˛büb) can also be used to mean ‘an activeperson’ or ‘a popular/loved one’.
Adjectives need to be made plural when referring to groups of people.Some adjectives use a sound plural, others use a broken plural. The pluralof an adjective may follow a different plural pattern from the word it isdescribing.
(awld †iwl) ∫GƒpW O’hCG tall boys
(al-kuram’) AÉeôµdG the generous (ones)
(an-ns al-mashghülün) ¿ƒdƒ¨°ûŸG ¢SÉædG the busy people
(innahum nashı†ün jiddan) .GvóL ¿ƒ£«°ûf ºo¡qfEG They are very active.
For an all-female group, the adjective can be made plural by using theSound Feminine Plural.
(al-bant a†-†awılt) äÓjƒWdG äÉæHdG the tall girls
(mumarri∂t mashghült) ä’ƒ¨°ûª äÉ°Vqôªª busy nurses
Plurals of non-human objects and ideas are grammatically a single female!
Non-human plurals Remember that plurals not referring to people are treated as femininesingular in Arabic. So an adjective describing a group of objects, such as‘chairs’ or ‘pictures’ needs I as for a single feminine object.
(al-karsı al-˛adıtha) áãjó◊G »°SGôµdG the modern chairs
(aß-ßuwar jamıla) .á∏«ªL Qƒ°üdG The pictures are beautiful.
House and home 31
Exercise 11 11 øjô“Make these descriptions plural as in the examples. You may need to useyour dictionary to look up some of the plurals.
1Gdƒdó fû°«§.
2gæÉ∑ T°ôaá hGS°©á.
3GdµôS°» eôjí.
4GdÑ«â d¬ Mój≤á NÉU°qá.
5Gdû°ÉQ´ eoõOnMpº.
6GEfq¡É Hæâ eƒgƒHá.
7GE¿q MØ«ó… Wƒjπ.
8gæÉ∑ S°éqÉOI J≤∏«ójqá ‘ Gd¨ôaá.
gƒ eû°¨ƒ∫.).ysub si eH(gº eû°¨ƒdƒ¿.).ysub era yehT(GŸÉFóI LójóI.)wen si elbat ehT(GŸƒGFó LójóI).wen era selbat ehT(
€
€
For rent QÉéjEÓdLook at the four notices advertising property to rent.
32 Unit 2
ÅWÉ°T (sh†i’) beach
áMÉÑ°S ΩɪM (˛ammm sib˛a)swimming pool
¢ùæJ Ö©∏e (mal´ab tennis) tenniscourt
¿Éqµ°S ,øcÉ°S (skin, sukkn) resident
ΩÉNQ (rukhm) marble
™bƒe (mawqi ) location
πNóe (madkhal) entrance
AGƒg ∞««µJ (takyıf haw’) air-conditioning
∞jôdG (ar-rıf) the countryside
ô¶æe (manΩar) view
∫ƒ≤M ,π≤M (˛aql, ˛uqül) field
(∫ƒªfi) ∞JÉg (htif (ma˛mül))(mobile) phone
T°≤á cÑÒI ‘ eƒb™ Lª«π
WÉH≥ GCQV°», eóNπ NÉU¢q.
Jൃq¿ eø 3Zô± hGS°©á -
Jµ««∞ gƒGA-MªqÉeÉä aÉNôI.
LôGê NÉU¢q. eæÉS°Ñá ŸµàÖ
fiÉΩm GCh fiÉS°Ö.
gÉJ∞ fiªƒ∫: 67411187690
a«∏ÓdÓEjéÉQ ‘ M»q gÉOÇ...
4Zô± fƒΩ h4MªÉeÉä. Jµ««∞
gƒGA, e£Ñï GCeôjµ», S°ØôI,
Mój≤á U°¨ÒI hLôGê dù°«qÉQJÚ.
S°∏qº OGN∏» eø GdôNÉΩ G’Ej£É‹.
S°£í cÑÒ eæÉS°Ö d∏ëØÓä.
ge.cibarasm@meerak
T°≤á Mójãá HÉEjéÉQ eæÉS°Ö bôjÑá eø Gdû°ÉWÅ. Gd£ÉH≥ Gdù°ÉH™ )3eü°ÉYó GCŸÉf«qá(. jƒLó MªÉΩ S°ÑÉMá he∏©Ö Jæù¢ dù°µqÉ¿ Gd©ªÉQI. T°ôaá cÑÒI J£πq Y∏≈ GdÑëô.J∏«Øƒ¿: 68765430
eæõ∫ J≤∏«ó…q ‘ Gdôj∞Hëój≤á cÑÒI
7Zô± eôjëá hMªÉeÚ. eæ¶ô
Lª«π, j£πq Y∏≈ G◊≤ƒ∫ hGdæ¡ô.
eØôhT¢ HÉd£ôGR Gd©ôH»
q
-
S°éq
ÉO GEjôGÊq
. S°ÉYá HÉdù°«q
ÉQI
eø hS°§ GŸójæá.
gÉJ∞: 504978
aÉcù¢: 654978
Exercise 12 12 øjô“Decide which property would suit the following:1 Family with four children and a dog. Prefer rural setting but must bewithin 60-75 minute commute from town for husband’s work.
2 Young professional couple working in the hotel business in a popularresort. Prefer modern apartment. Keen on sports.
3 American diplomat looking for quiet, spacious upmarket villa withentertainment potential. Parking essential. Garden a bonus.
4 Businesswoman – currently working from home – looking for officesfor her accountancy business.
Exercise 13 13 øjô“Now complete the chart showing the facilites of each property, as in theexample.
Exercise 14 14 øjô“Write an advertisement for a property to rent with these features:• large furnished apartment • third floor • two elevators • four bedrooms• three luxurious bathrooms • balcony overlooking countryside Add two more features of your own and a mobile telephone number.
T°≤á Mójãáa«∏Ó gÉOFáeæõ∫ J≤∏«ó…T°≤á cÑÒI
eü°©ó8884
Mój≤á
LôGê
eæ¶ô
T°ôaá
Mªq
ÉeÉ¿ GCh GCcÌ
S°éÉO
S°ØôI
Jµ««∞ gƒGA
QNÉΩ
MªÉΩ S°ÑÉMá
e∏©Ö Jæù¢
House and home 33
áqjOƒ©°ùdG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ... q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
Arabic in Saudi Arabia áqjOƒ©°ùdG ‘ áq«Hô©dG á¨∏dGThe Arabian peninsula, which now forms part of modern SaudiArabia, was where the Arabic language originated and where theprophet Mohammed was born in the 7th century AD. Arabic spreadwith the rapid Islamic conquests, but the spoken language of theArabian peninsula can still claim to be closer to the Classical thanthat of other more distant regions that were open to diverselinguistic influences.Features of Saudi Arabic include:• pronunciation of ¥ as a hard ‘g’, e.g. Iƒ¡b (coffee) as gahwa• pronunciation of ∂ as ‘ch’, e.g. ∂ª°S (fish) as simich• use of feminine plural in spoken language • less use of imported foreign words
Listen to Ahmed talking about himself in his Saudi dialect. Youwill find a transcript and translation in the Answers section.≤
sø≠^òæ
Riyadh
≤≠Y¨eòæ ≤ÆA^òæ ≤ïôüüòæ
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
^üQ
¿ºæ ^
RBòæ
Red Sea
ØA^
òæ OÆôV
òæ
The Arabian Gulf
¶æ^≠¬æ
I ran
ìæ^òæ
I raq»¶Y]¿ºæ
Jordan
G≠¨ïòæ
Kuwait
•≠^RBòæ Bahrain
Hæ]øú¬ºæ
Emirates
¶øüƒ|
Oman
•üÆòæ
Yemen
^uã
Qatar
≤§≠ZÚæ
Medina
󯋣
Mecca±»ZM
Jeddah
±Z≠^A
Buraydah
≤Rá]
Rafha
ö∂øQ
Ha’il
ä¨Nòæ
Al-Jawfó¨BE
Tabuk
~B§≠
Yanbu
¶æcÆM
Jizan
^mú
Egypt
¶æY¨eòæ
Sudan
ø≠^F≠]¿æ
Er itrea
GdÑ«â Gd©ôH»q Gdà≤∏«ó…qjàƒLq¬ GdÑ«â Gd©ôH»q Gdà≤∏«ó…q fëƒ GdóGNπ, hd¬ HÉMáJàƒLq¬ fëƒgÉ Gdû°ÑÉH«∂ hGCHƒGÜ Gd¨ô±. GE¿ gò√ GdÑÉMág» b∏Ö GdÑ«â, h‘ hS°£¬ jƒLó MƒV¢ eÉA GCh fÉaƒQI.
jîà∏∞ YóO Gd£ƒGH≥ ‘ GdÑ«ƒä Gdà≤∏«ójqá. GdÑ«ƒä ‘Gdôj∞ d¡É WÉH≥ hGMó hGCeÉ GŸæÉR∫ Gd≤óÁá ‘ GŸoóo¿, ‘enµqá hLnóqI eãÓk, a∏¡É GCQH©á GCh Nªù°á WƒGH≥ - eãπ H«â fü°«º Gdû°¡Ò ‘ LóqI.
joù°ànîópΩ Gdù°pôOGÜ d∏é∏ƒS¢ ‘ f¡ÉQ Gdü°«∞, hGdÑÉMá d∏é∏ƒS¢ dn«Ók hGdù°£í d∏æƒΩ. hGCeÉ‘ Gdû°àÉA aàoù°àîóΩ GdÑÉMá d∏é∏ƒS¢ ‘ Gdæ¡ÉQ hGd¨ô± GdóGN∏«qá d∏æƒΩ hGdù°ôOGÜ d∏îõ¿.
G’CnS°Äp∏á)snoitseuQ(
1eÉ gƒ b∏Ö GdÑ«â Gd©ôH»q Gdà≤∏«ó…
q?
2eÉPG jƒLó ‘ hS°§ GdÑÉMá?
3cº WÉH≤Ék ‘ H«ƒä Gdôj∞?
4eÉ gƒ GS°º GdÑ«â Gd≤óË Gdû°¡Ò ‘ Ln
óq
I?
5GCjø jé∏ù°ƒ¿ ‘ Gdû°àÉA ‘ Gdæ¡ÉQ?
(ƒëf) ¬qLƒàj ,¬qLƒJ (tawajjah,
yatawajjah (na˛wa) to face
(towards)
áMÉH (b˛a) courtyard
IQƒaÉf (nfüra) fountain
∞∏àîj ∞∏àNG (ikhtalafa,
yakhtalif) to vary
Ωóîà°ùoj (yustakhdam) is used
ÜGOô°S (sirdb) cellar
QÉ¡f (nahr) day(time)
¿õN (khazn) storage
Better known these days for itsultra-modern skyscrapers, SaudiArabia also retains some fineexamples of traditionalbuildings, particularly in theolder towns such as Jeddah andMecca. These tall town housesgenerally look inwards to acentral courtyard and canconsist of several floors.
36 Unit 2
Vocabulary in Unit 2!Nouns Aɪ°SC’Ghouse/home (QhO/QÉjpO) QGO
(∫pRÉæne) ∫põæne
house/residence (øpcÉ°ùne) ønµ°ùne
location (™pbGƒne) ™bƒne
apartment building (äG) IQɪpY
floor/storey (≥pHGƒnW) ≥pHÉW
entrance (πpNGóne) πnNóne
hall (äG) ádÉ°U
stairs (ºpdÓ°nS) ºqn∏°oS
roof (샣°oS) í£°nS
room (±nôoZ) áaôoZ
bedroom Ωƒnf áaôZ
living room á°û«©ne áaôZ
sitting room ¢Sƒ∏oL áaôZ
dining room (äG) IôØ°oS
kitchen (ïpHÉ£ne) ïnÑ£ne
bathroom (äG) ΩÉqªnM
toilet √É«pe (äG) IQhnO
balcony (äG) áaôo°T
garage (äG) êGônc/êGônL
cellar (ÖjOGôn°S) ÜGOôp°S
garden (≥pFGónM) á≤jónM
mirror (äG) IBGôpe
lift/elevator (ópYÉ°üne) ón©°üpe
washing machine (äG) ádÉ°qùnZ
sink (¢VGƒMnCG) ¢VƒnM
sofa (∂pFGQnCG) áµjQnCG/(äG) áÑnænc
fridge (äG) áLqÓnK
cooker (¿GôanCG) ¿ôoa
curtains ôpFÉàn°S
shower ¢ToO
carpets OÉqén°S
grass/plants Ö°ûoY
flowers OQnh
smoker (øj/¿h) øuNnóoe
swimming pool áMÉÑ°pS ΩÉqªnM
tennis court ¢ùæJ Ön©∏ne
air-conditioning AGƒng ∞««µnJ
resident (¿Éqµo°S) øpcÉ°S
marble ΩÉNoQ
beach (ÅpWGƒn°T) ÅpWÉ°T
countryside ∞jô
view (ôpXÉæe) ôn¶æne
field (∫ƒ≤oM) π≤nM
courtyard (äG) áMÉH
fountain (äG) IQƒaÉf
storage ¿õnN
phone (∞pJGƒng) ∞pJÉg
mobile phone ∫ƒªfi ∞JÉg
Adjectives äÉØ°üdGmodern åjónM
traditional q…ó«∏≤nJ
quiet ÇpOÉg
House and home 37
crowded ºpMnOõoe
spacious ™p°SGh
luxurious ôpNÉa
simple/basic §«°ùnH
comfortable íjôoe
suitable Ö°pSÉæoe
private q¢UÉN
forbidden ´ƒæªne
Verbs ∫É©aC’Gconsist (of) (øe) ¿qƒnµnànj ,n¿qƒnµnà
look (onto) (≈∏Y) qπp£oj ,nqπnWnCG
face (towards) (ƒënf) ¬qLnƒnànj ,n¬qLnƒnJ
vary ∞p∏nàînj ,∞n∏nàNpG
Other phrases iôNC’G äGQÉÑ©dGground floor q»°VQC’G ≥HÉ£dG
first floor ∫qhC’G ≥HÉ£dG
can be found ónLƒJ/ónLƒj
is used Ωnóînà°ùoJ/Ωnóînà°ùoj
for rent QÉéjEÓpd
in the style of… ...RGôp£pH
in the day(time) QÉ¡ædG ‘
as for… ÉqeCG
for that reason ∂pdGòpd
non-/not ÒnZ
Additional note: Case endings
You will probably be aware that formal standard Arabic includes caseendings added to nouns and adjectives. You may hear these endingsin scripted news bulletins, formal speeches and similar situations.
As a general rule, the case endings do not affect the spelling andyou need only recognise them when you see or hear them. The mostcommon exception to this is the additional alif known as alif tanwınwhich is added to the indefinite accusative:
indefinite (‘a boy’) definite (‘the boy’)
nominative lódh waladun oódƒdG al-waladu
accusative kGódh waladan nódƒdG al-walada
genitive módh waladin pódƒdG al-waladi
Note that alif tanwın is not added to a word ending with tmarbü†a:
káaôZ ghurfatan.
Mastering Arabic 1 Structure Note sections give more details abouthow the individual cases are formed and when they are used.Alternatively you can consult a good reference grammar.
active participles 8, 62, 102
adjectives 30
adverbial phrases 43
alif tanwın 86, 121
assimilated verbs 83, 142
attached pronouns
with noun/verb 11
with inna/lkinna 13
with li-anna 59
bi + transportation 79
case endings 37, 55, 159
collective nouns 27
colours 122
comparatives 162
conditional 176
defective verbs 84, 143
doubled verbs 49, 83, 129
dual
verbs 48, 82
nouns 189
forms of the verb 63, 102, 143
future tense 175
i∂fa 9, 94, 97
idh/in (if) 176
hamzated verbs 49, 83
hollow verbs 83, 142
imperative 76, 145
inna 13
jussive 91, 143
kn 86, 209
modals 193
negative
present 49
past 83, 91
future 175
imperative 146
nisba adjective 5
nominal sentences 2
non-human plural 131
passive verbs 179, 181
passive participles 62, 102
past tense 82
plural 26, 30, 55
plural adjectives 30
present tense 48
pronouns 11
Grammar index
298
The following index contains the key Arabic structures and grammar inMastering Arabic 2, referenced by page number.
question words 4
relative pronouns 127
subjunctive 73, 175
verbs
present tense 48, 159
past tense 82, 91
future tense 175
passive 179, 181
doubled 49, 83, 129
weak 50, 83, 142
assimilated 83, 142
hollow 83, 142
defective 84, 143
hamzated 83
verbal nouns 62, 65, 102
weak verbs 50, 83, 142
word order 86
Grammar index 299
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