converging research towards accessforall

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Research convergence to

enable accessibility to be

customised for individual users

Liddy NevileLa Trobe

UniversityAustralia

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Ideas …

• Concepts behind AccessForAll– personal choice of adaptation

– accessibility for everyone

– discovery of what “I” need

– interoperability

• Approaches to accessibility – universal design and/or

– distributed and cumulative metadata

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

AccessForAll Accessibility

• What do we want to achieve?

• Flexibility with respect to resources and services so everyone can use them as they choose.

• Let’s see what TILE does:http://inclusivelearning.ca/tile/

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

TILE

E-learning environment that enables learner-centric

transformation of learning content and delivery

• Authoring support for transformable content and

Metadata

• Browser

• Learning Object Repository

• Learner Preference System

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

So what’s happening?

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

DRD metadata

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

In fact, ……

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

TILE is …

• A centralised system• All resources are digital• All resources standards compliant• All resources are ‘atomic’ • All resources are appropriately

described

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Digital resources (Microsoft research)

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Digital resources (Microsoft research)

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

AfA definition of accessibility

• the accessible relationship between the user and the resource enables the user to make sensory and cognitive contact with the content of the resource.

See http://www.imsglobal.org/accessibility/

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Sensory needs and preferences

• I can’t see now• I like Braille but screen-reading is OK• I can’t see well now• I may have an epileptic seizure if I

see flashing• I read (Braille) slowly and may need

extra timeNote - no mention of disabilities!

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Relationship Descriptions

• So how do we describe sensory and other accessibility needs and preferences for digital resources?

• We have opted for display, control and content as the three relationships that can be affected and can change.

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Adapting to all devices & contexts

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Adaptive technologies

• Some replace standard technologies and some have special requirements.

• Many have features users like to use.• In addition, there may be requirements

for other display characteristics, and there may be separate needs for content adjustment.

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Adaptive technologies

• Some requirements can conflict, eg an on-screen keyboard and a ‘full-screen’ resource.

• For this reason, descriptions of needs and preferences for display, control and content characteristics need to be separated.

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Needs and preferences

• Some people can choose between several alternative resources

• Some people can use only one

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Multiple PNPs

• Descriptions of users needs and preferences (PNPs) will be used according to the context or circumstances and may differ according to the occasion.

• PNPs may be personal, situational, contextual, etc.

• PNPs should be stored and available any time, anywhere.

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

• Accessible resource components – in general this means WCAG

compliance– BUT …..

• resources may be distributed• resources may be produced ‘just in

time’

Dependencies

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What else is happening?

• IMS and Dublin Core and IEEE/LOM and CEN ISSS/LT and INCITS/V2 and W3C and ISO JTC1 SC …. and

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Metadata is …

• Structured, machine-readable information about resources – (data about data)

• Used when Google can’t help…• Human-input is valued• but interoperability is not implied….• And now it might be tagging as

well….

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Personal Needs and Preferences (PNPs)

• Display: – how resources are to be presented

and structured, • Control:

– how resources are to be controlled and operated, and

• Content: – what supplementary or alternative

resources are to be supplied.

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Display preferences

• Where the person can’t see text, it may need to be transformed into another mode - auditory or tactile (Braille).

• Text may need to be bigger and a different colour.

• Images may need to be bigger.

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Control preferences

• Some assistive technologies effectively replace the typical mouse and keyboard combination without any adjustment

• but others use technologies that require special configuration.

• An on-screen keyboard will use screen space e.g.

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Content preferences

• A dyslexic person may need additional images to avoid excessive text density

• a ‘foreigner’ may need an alternative language

• a eyes-busy person may need a text description of an image.

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Digital Resource Description (DRDs)

• Display: – how the resource can be presented and

structured,

• Control: – how the resource can be controlled and

operated, and

• Content: – what supplementary or alternative resources

are supplied with the resource.

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Basic DRD metadata includes:

– Access Mode: vision, hearing, touch, text

– Access Mode Usage: informative or

ornamental

– Display: amenability of a resource to

transformation of the display

– Control: how the method of control is flexible

– Alternatives: any known alternatives

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

and, where appropriate,

• Components: any parts that make up this resource (a sound file, an image, etc.) or a

composite resource of which it is a part

• Hazards: any dangerous characteristics

• Support tools: electronic tools associated with the resource (calculator, dictionary, etc.)

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

& DRD for alternatives also includes:

• Identity of the original resource

• Type: kind of alternative

• Extent: extent of coverage of original resource

• Detailed description of the alternative: description of its characteristics necessary for matching it to details of the PNP.

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

AfA is an approach …

PNP

DRD

Dlfkng fg jhgj fglhk fghRt hrtj hlkjg hklj thkkj ttRt grlkthklj thk thl kjrthkRthnk tlhkk jthk rth th lrt

Fra

mew

ork

PN

PD

RD

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Resource metadata

With abstract models …

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

The conversations flow …

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Multi-lingual/multi-cultural

• Definition of languages and cultures

• etc….

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Accessibility of events and places, ….

• Location-based– Location dependent– Location independent

• What divisions?– Physical needs?– Electronic needs?

ASK-IT - Nice - 2006 liddy@sunriseresearch.org

Thank you!

• To participate, please contact me…

– Liddy@sunriseresearch.org– L.Nevile@latrobe.edu.au

• Check the new standards and work at– http://dublincore.org/groups/access

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